Time and the Big Bang theory.

Time and the Big Bang theory. 

Maurits Escher's portrait "Ascending and Descending" can introduce a situation where particles move between energy levels. When another particle moves up, that pushes another particle to move into a lower energy level. If two particles move up and one particle is between them, they move that one particle back or to a lower energy level faster. 

So if the case is this. When one particle moves one energy step up. The neighbour particle must move one step down.. And, if that particle is between two particles that move one step up. That particle that goes down should move two steps down. 

The reason for that is this: when one particle moves into an upper energy level, it gets that energy from the particle that moves to the lower energy level. And if the particle "wants" to push two particles to the upper energy level, it must release twice as much energy as one particle requires. In the same way, if two particles step down in the energy level and there is a particle between them, that causes a situation where those two particles release energy. They push the particle between them two steps higher. 

In one dark energy model. The reason for dark energy is that some particles just release their energy too fast. The idea is similar to the waterfall. When water drops from the slopes, it forms a sound when it hits the bottom. That sound forms when water releases its energy. The fact is that water releases part of its energy into the air. While water molecules travel in the air, they form friction. 

And that friction means that water released some part of its kinetic energy. Transforms into thermal energy. But what if water falls in the vacuum? In that case, falling water would not release its kinetic energy to the air. That means water transfers more kinetic energy to the bottom. And that means water would be at a higher energy level than it would be if it traveled through the air. 

Energy requires a place where it can move. When a particle travels through the universe, it interacts with its environment. That means a particle receives or releases energy. If a particle cannot transfer its energy to somewhere, like another particle or a quantum field, it remains higher energy than it should be. 

Can that thing be the evidence of the wormholes? The wormhole would not let the particle release its energy. And that can explain why some particles are at a higher energy level than calculated. The reason for that higher energy level can be that the particle traveled across the magnetic storm. And that tells us that the sun's magnetic storms can load more energy into particles than they should carry. 

But when a particle comes out from that magnetic effect, it causes a situation where energy flows faster from those particles than it should. In the same way, when particles come out of the hypothetical wormhole, that means they are at a higher energy level than they should be. And that causes a similar situation. The particle releases its energy faster than it should. That kind of effect can rip particles into pieces. 

Above: "A depiction of a universe-antiuniverse pair. Credit: Wikipedia, CC" (Phys.org, New model suggests partner anti-universe could explain accelerated expansion without the need for dark energy)

The Big Bang was an event, or a series of events. Big Bang released into time. The idea of that model is this. There are four dimensions: three in space and two in time. The Schwinger effect formed matter straight from wave movement. Before the Big Bang, there was wave movement. Or, some quantum points, or quantum dots, in that spacetime. It's possible that those quantum dots were small whirls in the starting field. Then those quantum dots started to assemble a wave movement around them.

It's possible that the event that formed the universe actually formed two universes. There is a formed universe where we live. And the universe, there at least, is the mirror. So, in the anti-universe, the matter is antimatter, but some cosmologists believe that time also moves oppositely. 

The Universe formed from a starting field that could be the gravitational wave movement fields. When we think about a model, the Schwinger effect or quantum whirls form the universe. We can think of a situation. There was a fast-moving energy impulse, or energy arrow, that traveled through the starting field. That energy arrow should form two arrows. And this model supports the antiverse model. 

Or in some other models, the quantum dots moved away. From each other because of some quantum mechanical impact. That thing moved quantum fields away from each other. And then they tried to fill that hole. This means that the starting field started to form. A tower-type structure, and sooner or later, that field couldn't keep the tower in its form. That collapse was the thing. Called the Big Bang.  Or it started a series of events that we call the Big Bang. 

There is a model that the spacetime is actually formed of the internally traveling time arrows. Time moves forward at the outer layer of that time arrow. The internal structure of the time arrow moves backward in time. The idea is that. We live in the third dimension, and the material's base energy level. At the quantum state is a 2D material. This forms the second dimension. Energy travels out from the material. 

Above: Waterfall. The sound of falling water forms when water releases its kinetic energy. (Pinterest)

This means. The material turns into a "flat" form. Or the material turns into a 2D form.  So the form of the universe can be a giant sobrero. There is a similar structure. Like a plasma impact wave that surrounds our solar system, we cannot get information from outside the universe. That shockwave formed during the Big Bang travels at the forward edge of the universe. And it denies getting information from outside the universe. There can also be a gravity wave traveling ahead of the Universe, that closes the universe inside the gravity sphere. And it also denies gravity observations from outside the universe. 

But let's go back. The internal time arrows. The idea is this. When the time arrow, or arrow of time, moves forward, it pushes things around it back in time. There is a possibility that the universe or material is the structure that acts as a hollow time arrow. The hollow time arrow forms when the edges of the structure travel forward in time. And they push their internal structures back in time. 

This model can work with the 3D spacetime model. If there is a structure, then the outer edge pushes energy into the middle of it, which means that the energy falls straight into the second dimension. That causes an effect where energy starts to spread around. But because there is a structure that transports energy into that point, the structure forms the standing wave into the second dimension. That means. There forms the structure. That looks like a volcano. Energy falls in the middle of it. 

That wave movement releases energy. That energy impacts the energy that comes outside, which starts to raise the structure's energy level. And because that field travels up those fields, it binds energy into them. The outside energy impacts the inner structure, which transmits energy to the second dimension. And that forms the energy trap or standing wave around the structure. The standing wave's energy level rises outward, or the inward field gives in and falls on the structure. 

https://phys.org/news/2024-06-partner-anti-universe-expansion-dark.html

https://scitechdaily.com/what-if-the-big-bang-wasnt-the-beginning-supercomputers-search-for-clues/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow_of_time

Gravitational waves and quantum models.

Gravitational waves and quantum models. 

Gravitational waves are a wave movement or radiation. That moves gravitational fields. The problem with gravitational waves is how they can pull particles into the gravitational center. The answer can be that small strings can form those gravitational waves. Those small strings can spin in one direction, and that thing drives fields that the gravity wave penetrates to the gravity center. There is also a possibility that if the superstring theory is right, the waves or small skyrmions that travel at the superstring’s shell push those particles to the gravitational centers. Which one is the correct answer? 

That depends on the gravitational wave or wave structure’s position. If those waves are horizontally crossing the object, those strings can push fields through that structure that could look like a little bit of an egg cutter, where wires cut the egg in bites. In the second model, the string goes lengthwise through the object. In that case, when a black hole or the gravity center sends a gravity wave, it evaporates. In that case, the structure that evaporates pulls those strings into it. 

The gravity wave itself is like an energy ditch. That travels in space-time. The energy ditch forms when the G-(Gravity)field travels through other energy fields. That gravity field takes other fields with it. So the idea is similar to how some strings travel through the wave. If the string goes through the wave in the opposite direction, it pulls the wave energy into it. And if there is enough time, that string will turn wave backward. The gravity wave is a ditch in the energy field that travels to the gravity center. 

That makes energy travel faster to the gravity center. So how can energy travel in the wrong direction? The gravity wave is actually a stronger point in the gravity field. When the gravity center pulls other fields around it. Those fields pull particles with them. A gravitational wave is a space-time phenomenon. That which the field travels faster or carries particles stronger than otherwise. Or actually, gravity is waves. And gravity waves travel all the time across the universe. But sensors see only the strongest gravity waves. Those waves form when black holes collide. 

The Answer is in the field interaction. Every single fundamental interaction (electromagnetism, weak nuclear force, strong nuclear force, gravity) is a wave movement. Otherwise, we can say that each fundamental interaction is like radiation. Every fundamental interaction has a unique wavelength in that radiation, or wave movement. So, when the black hole, or some other gravity center, sends gravity waves, it sends G-field waves. When those waves push the gravity field away. That causes the effect that other energy fields try to fill that hole. This thing causes an effect that we call gravity. 

Could photons support string theory?

"The gravity quantum field is calculated in flat spacetime. The curved classical metric is calculated using the expectation value of the gravity quantum field. Image: Mikko Partanen and Jukka Tulkki / Aalto University." (Aalto, New theory of gravity brings long-sought Theory of Everything a crucial step closer) 

The photon is a donut-shaped strange particle. That particle has no mass. That makes photons interesting. There is a model that photons are the shine that surrounds small gravity potholes. In the gravity model the gravity hovers in the gravity pothole. The gravity center binds energy inside it. That creates the pothole. So if there is an invisible particle above (or front) of a photon that particle binds energy inside it. 

When outcoming energy hits that particle's quantum field that forms the ring, or donut-shaped energy field that could be a photon. So can the mysterious, hypothetical graviton particle that transports gravity be the thing that we can find when we research photons? 

In string theory. All superstrings that can form material are wormholes. The wormhole is a tight energy tube that closes energy inside it. And then that string, or an energy tube. Offers a shortcut to the future. The tight structure of the wormhole prevents the energy travel out from the particle. That means that there is no time in a wormhole. The wormhole is an energy tornado that closes information inside it. 

When energy travels in the wormhole it makes its edge shine. That shine forms when energy interacts with that tube. The interaction is similar to the case in which high-speed airflow travels into the tube. That thing puts the tube's edge anneal. The same way the hypothetical superstring's edge will anneal. 

"A new theory, that explains how light and matter interact at the quantum level has enabled researchers to define for the first time the precise shape of a single photon. Credit: Dr. Benjamin Yuen" (ScitechDaily, Quantum Leap: Scientists Reveal the Shape of a Single Photon for the First Time)

That causes questions about the photon. Could photons be the edge of those microscopic wormholes? In string theory, the superstrings form reality. When those strings turn into tight rolls they form the wormholes. And in Stephen Hawking's model, the universe is full of tiny wormholes that are smaller than quarks. 

The quantum tornado's energy level is so high that particles and energy cannot escape from that tunnel. When radiation or wave movement travels through the wormhole. They form the cosmic thermal pump that pulls energy into that structure. 

When we closely look at the string models we can see one. A very impressive thing. In string models. Strings that form material can turn into a roll. Those rolls can be billions of lightyears long. And that makes them transport energy from the past to the future. The string must be long enough that the energy that travels through it can keep it open. That causes one very interesting idea. 

Can the photon be the edge of the string that anneals when energy travels through it? That explains the photon's strange behavior. How can that particle exist without mass? Could the photon be the edge of the wormhole? If that is true that explains why photons lack mass. 

Or maybe the photon is the edge of the gravitational pothole. That surrounds every particle in the universe. When we look at the gravitational models the particle with mass hovers above the gravity pothole. That is below and around it. In that model, there is an invisible particle above the photon. That particle makes the gravity pothole and the photon is the shine around it. So can we find a graviton in the middle of the photon, as I wrote at the beginning of the text? 

https://www.aalto.fi/en/news/new-theory-of-gravity-brings-long-sought-theory-of-everything-a-crucial-step-closer

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-leap-scientists-reveal-the-shape-of-a-single-photon-for-the-first-time/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory

The dark matter models again.

"Dartmouth researchers propose that dark matter began as light-speed particles that suddenly gained mass through spin interactions and cooling. Their theory, inspired by superconductivity, outlines a testable model that could reveal dark matter’s imprint on the cosmic microwave background. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, How Speeding Particles Froze Into Darkness: A Cosmic Plot Twist Explains Dark Matter)

The new models of the dark matter are exciting. One of them is the so-called fast-spinning particle. Which is one of the most interesting models of the hypothetical weakly interacting massive particles, WIMPs, is that those particles formed in the Big Bang event, that is not very radical thing. The model of those particles is that they are high-speed particles that get mass when their speed slows. Or, there is a model called a local, fast-spinning particle. 

The idea is that the fast spin of the particle can turn the particle into a 2D plate. So how can this thing happen? When a particle closes the speed of light, it turns shorter. There is the possibility that when the particle starts to spin, it turns the movement's kinetic energy into the kinetic energy of rotation. There is the possibility that the particle just creates a vacuum around it. If a vacuum forms in its equator, it stretches that particle from its equator. 

The quantum fields from the particle's spin axle press it flat. So that energy is away from the particle's horizontal or normal movement. The movement energy or kinetic energy forms when the particle moves fast.  Or, a particle collects that energy from quantum fields when it travels across them. That energy can turn into a spin. And that energy that the particle uses to spin. Is away from its vertical and horizontal movement. 

When we think about the sombrero model, or Higgs field model the energy ditch surrounds all particles. The particle is visible only if it rises above the edge of the energy ditch. When a particle spins very fast. It can make a very wide energy ditch. If its spin is high enough, that particle can fall below the energy ditches or pothole's edge. The main problem is why the particle that collects or binds so much energy doesn't fill. 

In that case, the WIMP turns visible, because it will send wave movement. And that slows its spin's speed. Maybe, the particle aims energy that it collects from around it to the spin axle. 

The particle turns to act like a thermal pump. The particle collects and conducts energy from one point. If that exists, energy turns into a so thin spike that it's hard to see. The energy spike can also push energy out of its route into the structure that seems empty. 

The idea of those local fast-spinning particles is this. If a particle spins too fast it pulls the energy field against it with force that doesn't let the particle move horizontally or vertically. Or it can collect energy from around it and that makes a small vacuum or false vacuum around it. The fast spin that binds quantum field energy into kinetic energy. If that energy travels to the spin axle it turns similar to the relativistic beam. But that energy is much lower. 

In that model, the WIMP is a very fast-spinning particle that turns flat like a saucer. So if the particle spins very fast it can pull quantum fields inside it. When the particle starts to spin very fast, it collects energy from its spin axle. That energy presses the particle into the saucer-shaped structure. If that thing is true. Energy that flows out of particles in the point of superstrings pushes the quantum field away. So, energy can travel to that particle between those energy strings. Energy beams that those particles send nail them into the position where they are. 

https://scitechdaily.com/how-speeding-particles-froze-into-darkness-a-cosmic-plot-twist-explains-dark-matter/

What makes the fusion system fail again and again?

"As scientists push toward the first commercial fusion power plant, researchers from the University of Surrey have achieved a major breakthrough in understanding how welded metal joints behave under the intense heat and stress found inside fusion reactors. Their novel microscopic technique reveals internal weaknesses that could compromise safety and longevity, paving the way for smarter designs, more resilient materials, and faster development of clean fusion energy systems. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Fusion Breakthrough: Engineers Uncover Hidden Reactor Weaknesses)

What makes the fusion system fail again and again? Fusion is a well-known way to create clean energy. Stars use fusion. And we know that in the same way, we must only mimic stars to make the fusion reactor that produces more energy than we pump into it. But somehow, the high-temperature plasma is the thing. That is a problem. 

The plasma is a homogenous ionized gas that the magnetic systems push together and then laser systems just shoot those ions together. In the fusion system on Earth, the system must compensate for pressure by rising temperature. The magnets must keep the plasma ring away from the walls of the reactor. If that high-energy plasma touches the reactor's wall it makes a hole in it immediately. 

By using symmetry theory instead of the slower and less reliable conventional methods, researchers have created a shortcut that enables the design of leak-proof magnetic systems 10 times faster.

There are mainly two types of fusion reactors. 

A) Tokamak-type reactors. There a plasma ring orbits in the donut-shaped accelerator. Magnets keep the plasma away from the walls.

B) The ball-shaped reactors like the National Ignition Facility. Those systems mimic stars. 

"Researchers cracked a 70-year-old fusion problem, allowing faster, more accurate reactor designs that could finally make fusion energy viable. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Scientists Crack 70-Year Fusion Puzzle, Paving Way for Clean Energy)

Scientists have developed a powerful new technique to overcome a major obstacle in nuclear fusion energy: the ability to accurately contain high-energy particles within fusion reactors." (ScitechDaily, Scientists Crack 70-Year Fusion Puzzle, Paving Way for Clean Energy)

The main problem with fusion is the ignition. When fusion starts that flash breaks the plasma. The answer can be symmetrical ignition where laser-accelerated ions will shoot to anion plasma. Or oppositely if the main plasma structure is ion the system sprays anions. The ignition must happen symmetrically at the shell of the plasma. 

And there must be some kind of thermal pump that denies the standing wave from the plasma structure. If we think that the system that we use for energy production is the Tokamak the system can mimic a neutron star or black hole. The plasma ring orbits the magnet and then anions will spay over the ion ring. The energy or particle beam makes energy travel to the middle of the system. And it denies the standing wave formation. By transporting it in the wanted direction. 

The image portrays a black hole and its material disk. But it also could be the model of how plasma orbits the magnetic center in the Tokamak reactor. 

The system might look a little bit like this. The laser-, or, particle beam, or thermal pump transports energy out from the system precisely into the desired direction. The system sends an anion spray over the ion plasma ring. 

When a fusion reactor ignites plasma sends so much energy that magnets cannot control it. So, if we want to know why stars don't detonate when the fusion starts that thing can open the road to the fusion reactors. Stars are also plasma balls. There is something that presses them together when the fusion starts. That thing is gravity, but how can we make the thing, that replaces gravity center on Earth? 

The answer can be the energy transporter the cooler that makes the low-energy point in the middle of the fusion reactor. That makes energy flow to the middle of the system. If the system is a ball-shaped fusion reactor the system can create an anion plasma ball. And then shoot that plasma ball symmetrically using high-energy ions or anions.  

That thing can cause a situation in the fusion reaction that starts at the plasma ball shell. There can be a laser beam. That transports energy out from the center of that plasma ball. That laser or particle beam denies the standing waves from the plasma. But the problem is how to make that thing in Tokamak.

 One version is to make a system that mimics neutron stars and black holes. The plasma ring orbits an extremely strong magnet. Then the system sends the ion or anion spray to that plasma ring. That allows the system to ignite plasma at the outer side of the plasma ring. The ignition must begin symmetrically at the plasma ring. The energy (or particle) beam in the middle of the system, helps to aim the energy flow to the middle of the Tokamak reactor. That kind of system can someday make commercial fusion systems possible. 

https://scitechdaily.com/fusion-breakthrough-engineers-uncover-hidden-reactor-weaknesses/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-crack-70-year-fusion-puzzle-paving-way-for-clean-energy/

Finnish LDR-50 SMR (Small Modular Reactor)-nuclear reactor produces only district heating.

Finnish LDR-50 SMR (Small Modular Reactor)-nuclear reactor produces only district heating. But it's possible to connect energy production units to those reactors. 

Finnish LDR-50 SMR (Small Modular Reactor)-nuclear reactor produces only district heating. That reactor is called LDR-50. And its mission is being stripped from turbines and other things. The cooling of the reactor base is in the water's natural water cycle. At this moment, I must say that the turbines can also installed in the water cycle. Or the district heat water cycle. When we talk about energy, we must realize that the difference in temperatures and vapor pressure are things. That makes energy.

If there is a thing like a closed cycle turbine that uses liquid helium or liquid nitrogen to rotate the turbine wheel, that system can also produce electricity. The difference in temperatures is an interesting thing. If we lived on  Pluto our bodies would give us enough energy. It vaporizes liquid helium to pressure, which can rotate turbogenerators. Those SMR-reactors can have many possibilities. Advanced turbines can installed anyway in the reactor's water cycle. 

The nuclear waste also can give temperature for turbogenerators. That uses liquid helium or nitrogen. And nuclear waste's temperature will vaporize those liquid gases. 

In some visions, the nuclear waste disposal site can also be used as a power plant. The system benefits liquid helium or nitrogen that rotates in a closed cycle. The nuclear waste's heat will vaporize that liquid gas that rotates the turbogenerator. The systems that use nuclear waste as a power source are not very common. 

"Illustration of a nuclear district heating plant comprised of two LDR-50 reactor units constructed on an industrial site © VTT" (https://www.etson.eu/node/181)

"TRISO particles can withstand extreme temperatures well beyond the threshold of current nuclear fuels". (TRISO Particles: The Most Robust Nuclear Fuel on Earth)

The nuclear fuel called TRISO (Tristuctural-isotropic fuel)

The TRISO means the balls where there are three layers. Those layers are ceramic, graphite, and nuclear fuel isotopes. The graphite layers can include two layers. Regular graphite and the outer layer would be carbonite crystals. Or the structure can be in the artificial diamond. 

The most out layer would be a strong ceramic structure. If there are some problems. The reactor simply removes part of the TRISO balls. That should stop the nuclear reaction because the lack of half of the fuel turns the reactor into a subcritical condition. And when the problem is handled, the system returns those TRISO balls to the reactor. 

The Subcritical nuclear reactors require a laser or some other electromagnetic heater. So they are a little bit like thorium reactors. The laser or microwave beams keep the nuclear reaction on. If those electromagnetic systems will shut down that thing stops the entire reaction. 

https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/triso-particles-most-robust-nuclear-fuel-earth

https://www.etson.eu/node/181

https://www.ldr-reactor.fi/en/1099-2/

https://www.vttresearch.com/en/news-and-ideas/finnish-smr-innovation-awarded-european-commission-nuclear-innovation-prize-contest.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fuel

The cosmic antimatter can be one thing behind dark energy.

  The cosmic antimatter can be one thing behind dark energy. 

There is a model that so-called sub-hadronic particles could be behind dark energy. Normally, people think that electrons and positrons form the particle-antiparticle pairs. But the fact is that almost every boson and fermion has anti-particle or mirror-particle pairs. 

One place where antimatter is are protons. Protons are much more than just two up, and one down quarks. Inside protons are numerous particles and antiparticles that are far smaller than electrons. Annihilation also happens between those other particle-antiparticle pairs. 

And that means electron-positron pairs are not only annihilating particles. The quark-anti-quark pairs can annihilate into a photon and wave movement. 

Can exotic annihilation like annihilation between gluons and anti-gluons explain dark energy? 

Same way. Gluons and anti-gluons or maybe neutrino-antineutrino can annihilate in, the same way as all other particle-antiparticle pairs. And maybe that thing could explain dark energy. The Schwinger effect forms the particle-antiparticle pairs. And if those particle-antiparticle pairs are too close to each other they annihilate. 

So if quasars send radiation beams that are turning into particle-antiparticle pairs that are not electron-positron pairs that thing could explain dark energy or some part of it. This annihilation where other particles than positrons and electrons annihilate can called exotic annihilation. One example of that kind of annihilation would be a case, where gluon-anti-gluon pairs annihilate. 

The quasars and other high-energy objects like pulsars can explain cosmic antimatter.

When quasars or some other high-energy objects send their radiation and particle beams some part of that material can turn into dark matter. Quasars are objects that form around black holes. When those objects send extremely high-energy radiation. That radiation can cause a situation. That is the point where the energy beam forms a point where there is no electromagnetism or quantum fields. The high energy radiation pushes quantum fields from around it. 

A similar thing can happen between energy beams of pulsars. If the pulsar cycle is high enough. That causes a situation where quantum fields have no time to fill that hole. And that forms the WARP channel in the track of that energy beam. When that energy beam hits the matter in the Milky Way that thing can cause a situation where the punch turns the particle's spin opposite. And that forms antimatter. 

And when that energy beam is left from the black hole it travels a short time in WARP-bubble. When those particles are traveling in a warp bubble suddenly they impact with electromagnetic fields and that impact causes a situation where those particle's spin turns opposite. That is the thing that forms antimatter. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/pulsars-dark-matter-milky-way-antimatter/

https://neutrinos.fnal.gov/types/antineutrinos/

https://www.techexplorist.com/proton-complicated-expected-think-scientists/38011/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annihilation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiparticle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_chromodynamics

There is no "nothing" in the quantum world.

   There is no "nothing" in the quantum world. 

The bubble theory goes like this. All material and quantum fields are one kind of bubble. And everywhere in the universe are quantum fields. Those quantum fields transport information, and there could be short and long-term vacuums or voids in those fields. When some of those voids collapse the quantum wave travels from the shell of that bubble into the middle of it. There that energy forms a standing wave and jumps back. 

That thing can explain why particles can form from emptiness. The particle is like a standing wave or power field in that quantum foam. In that model, the falling bubble in quantum foam can involve "sub foam". And then the outcoming quantum field or quantum foam just tries to press that bubble in. In that case, the pressure wave will lock in a certain position. 

The energy that comes outside the particle cannot press the internal energy or waves of a particle at one point. The ability to reach energy minimum causes a situation. Where energy travels back and forth in the border of that particle. When the bubble that we call a "particle" gets a lower energy level than the outside quantum field that causes a situation where that back and forth traveling energy locks the particle or bubble in its form. 

So could that interaction explain dark energy? The quantum foam would be the thing that interacts with all energy sources. And that thing could be one of the reasons why there is too much energy in the universe. 

In visions, there is a state of material called quantum foam. The density of quantum foam determines if we see that thing as wave movement or particles. In the case that material or elementary particles are like whisk-looking structures that spin very fast. Those strings that form the structure that we see as quarks or leptons are quantum lightning. 

So could that interaction explain dark energy? The quantum foam would be the thing that interacts with all energy sources. And that thing could be one of the reasons why there is too much energy in the universe. 

In visions, there is a state of material called quantum foam. The density of quantum foam determines if we see that thing as wave movement or particles. In the case that material or elementary particles are like whisk-looking structures that spin very fast. Those strings that form the structure that we see as quarks or leptons are quantum lightning. 

And there is the possibility that these kinds of things are one form of quantum foam. So when information travels somewhere the wave movement is a denser area in this quantum foam. And if there is some kind of empty area like Boötes void in the universe that thing can delete information that travels through those cosmic voids. 

We can think of information as the string that travels through the Boötes void, and when that string comes from the regular quantum foam to the low dense or empty point in that cosmic void the vacuum pulls it forward. That can cause a situation where the gravitational effect from backward pulls that string straight. 

So that thing is the extreme version of redshift. Because that quantum foam doesn't cause resistance the superstring starts to travel forward with extremely high speed. And then that extreme redshift pulls that string straight. The information cannot vanish. But it can be decrypted in a form that we cannot recognize it. 

In some visions, some kind of bubbles or miniature or quantum versions of Boötes void caused the famous Muon G-2 anomaly in Fermilab. Some kind of bubbles in quantum foam formed the small quantum vacuum that affected Muon's trajectories. There is a vision that those quantum voids pushed that quantum foam away from some areas. And maybe that thing explains the fifth force. 

The quantum foam explains why crossing the speed of light is so difficult. That quantum foam forms a similar quantum field as air molecules form. And that thing causes a thing called a light wall. The particle cannot press itself through the quantum foam because energy travels out from it at a critical moment. 

https://bigthink.com/hard-science/muon-g-2-new-physics/

https://bigthink.com/hard-science/nothing-exist-quantum-foam/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%C3%B6tes_Void

The mind-blowing multiverse theory. Is our universe one of the many?

 The mind-blowing multiverse theory. Is our universe one of the many?

Normally, the term universe means the formation where all the material and energy that we know exists. The question is could there be another universe? The fact is "yes". But the existence of those other universes is harder to prove. 

The main reason why the existence of those other universes is hard to prove is light pollution. Galaxies and stars in our universe cover those other universes. But there is another thing, that can make those other universes hard to detect. 

When radiation leaves the universe it travels into cosmic void. That void or cosmic vacuum is deeper than Boötes void. And in that emptiness, the wave movement changes its form. In a normal universe, wave movement jumps between ions. When wave movement hits ions or atoms it adjusts them to a higher energy level. 

When energy stress ends, and the particle's energy level turns higher than its environment it sends wave movement. In the cosmic void between our universe and hypothetical other universes are no ions or atoms or there could be so-called dark matter. But the thing is that there is no visible material that can resonate. 

"Is our universe on of many? Do universes pop up as bubbles from a multiverse?" (ScitechDaily.com/The Mind-Bending Multiverse: Our Universe Is Suspiciously Unlikely To Exist – Unless It Is One of Many)

So there is only wave movement or superstrings that can travel through that cosmic void. And the cosmic void may pull that wave movement to the tape-looking straight structure. 

The multiverse is a theory, that introduces our universe as one of the many universes. The idea in multiverse theory is that there are always events like the Big Bang in space, where our universe or all material and energy that we know exists. The multiverse is almost the same as the parallel universe. 

But the difference between multiverse and parallel universe theories is that in multiverse theory, other universes are in the same spacetime as our universe. The parallel universe means that other universes are at higher energy levels than our universe, or the universe where we live.  

Even if those other universes' particles are precisely the same as in our universe exchange of information is difficult if the other universe is "born" at a different time. 

The origin of multiverse theory is dark energy. The multiverse theory explains that dark energy and at least part of dark matter's origin is in other universes. In that model energy level of those universes is different than in our universe, and that thing means that even if elementary particles in those universes are the same as in our universe it's very hard to see those other universes if the size or energy level of elementary particles is different than in our universe. 

The thing that makes this thing interesting is this. If we think that the other universe is precisely the same as our universe but it's formed before our universe its energy level would be lower than in our universe. That means the radiation that comes from that elder universe cannot reach our universe.  

But if another universe is younger its energy level is higher than our universe. But also particle's size in that hypothetical younger universe is different. That means the other universe will send radiation that has too short a wavelength that we can see that radiation. In the case of identical universes. They could form standing waves between universes. And those standing waves make those other universes hard to detect. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%C3%B6tes_Void

Could white holes exist?

Could white holes exist, and why can't we see them? Mathematically, white holes or anti-black holes exist, but they are extremely unstable. The thing is that the white hole might misunderstand some of those visions. A white hole is theoretically the opposite of a black hole. It's the point where the material comes out of the wormhole that is the quantum energy channel through spacetime. The white hole has singularity, as well as black holes, do, but the white hole acts oppositely to black holes.

Time dilation stops time at the point of the white hole. That means we can only see flashes, and then we would travel through that thing in time. So when particles come out of the wormhole, they release their extra energy as a shockwave that we can see as a flash.

"White holes are theoretical cosmic regions that function in an opposite way to black holes. (Image credit: Future/Adam Smith)" (Space.com/Could white holes actually exist?)

(Space.com/Could white holes actually exist?)

The idea of a wormhole is that there is a quantum tornado in space. And there is a quantum vacuum ahead of objects that travel in that "tube". That means all particles, including photons, travel at the same speed in that strange phenomenon called a wormhole or Einstein-Rose bridge. Wormholes follow the principle of quantum entanglement. And information can travel through those energy bridges only if one side is at a higher energy level than the other.

The white hole pushes material away from the hole, and the point where the speed of that material that travels in a wormhole decreases below the speed of light is the point where the wormhole ends. So at that point, the matter again reaches the speed of light. And the thing is that time is also frozen at the point of the white hole.

If we think that time is a river, a white hole is like a stone in that river. A river called time takes all matter with it. And we can see that stone only once. And maybe the flash of the supernova is the moment when a white hole opens in spacetime. And that means we could see that thing only once.

The white hole interacts in a similar way as black holes, and at the point where the speed of matter is the speed of light, time is frozen. Time dilation stops time at that moment. When matter comes out of a white hole, it causes a shockwave that is seen as a flash.

So because time is frozen at the end of a wormhole, we might say that white holes are frozen at a certain point in spacetime. So the white hole is in a stable position, but time travels around it. When we think about white holes from the point of view of an observer who stands in a regular universe, the white hole is just a flash in spacetime. That means a white hole exists, but it exists at a certain point in spacetime.

https://www.space.com/could-white-holes-exist-space-mysteries

The photonic mystery.

The photon is a particle that transmits electromagnetism. Sometimes photon is called a "particle of light". And that particle is the fastest known thing in the universe. The thing that makes a photon a mystery is that it doesn't have mass. 

That causes a very problematic situation because the existence of a particle requires mass. And another mystery of photons is how they can transport energy without mass. 

Because of their existence. The ability to carry energy requires that particles have mass. The regular way to think is that requirement for existence is mass. 

But then we can think that maybe the photon's energy level is the same as its environment. That means there is no energy transfer between the photon and its environment. If the information will not travel between the particle and its environment. That means the particle's mass is very hard or impossible to measure. 

Because the speed of a photon is the speed of light the photon is a stable or static condition. In that model, the photon delivers as much energy as it gets from the environment. So photon's energy level compared to its environment is the same as the energy level in its environment.  

The quantum gravitational model is that the particle is hot, neutral, or cold. Cold particle means that energy travels to that particle. And that forms the quantum-size low-pressure. And that is one version of quantum gravitation. 

The hot particle means that energy travels away from the particle. The neutral state or neutral particle means. That energy will not travel to the particle or away from the particle. That means the particle is neutral. And there is no time in that particle. 

If the photon is a so-called neutral particle. There is a possibility that the energy travels over or through the photon. That means the photon delivers all energy that it gets away. So when a photon impacts the wall. That means. Photon delivers barrier energy. That is stored inside it just in the impact moment.

In this model, energy is like the string that travels over or through the photon. When a photon impacts the barrier. The string that is interacting with the photon just at that moment jumps forward. And that causes the energy impact to the wall. 

https://shorttextsofoldscholars.blogspot.com/

Quantum entanglement and dimensions.

 

Is dark energy a thing that comes outside the universe? 

Dimensions are like rooms in the house. The higher dimension is at a higher energy level than the lower dimension. So the energy travels from a higher energy level to a lower energy level. And if we are making the quantum entanglement between higher and lower dimensions. That thing brings energy from the higher dimension to the lower. And the reason for that is that energy always travels from higher to lower levels. 

If we think of dimensions as quantum systems energy flows from the higher level continue until the systems reach the minimum common energy level. That energy flow continues until both systems are at the same energy level. That thing destroys both- or at least in the system that is in the lower energy level. 

In quantum systems, the requirement for the system's existence is that there are energy dumps. Those energy dumps are particles in lower energy levels than other particles. And that allows energy to travel in that system between those particles. Same way. When the quantum entanglement reaches a stable energy level. That causes a situation. Their wave movement pushes those particles away from each other. 

When all particles reach the same energy level. That destroys the entirety. When all particles are in the same energy level. They are sending wave movement that pushes them away from each other. Same way when outside radiation surrounds the quantum system it starts to adjust the oscillation of participants of the system. And sooner or later, all particles reach the same energy level. And that energy destroys the system.  

But if we think that a higher dimension has a higher energy level. We are facing one very interesting thing. A higher energy level means that fewer particles reach that higher energy level than a lower one. And the material in a higher energy level or higher dimension is thinner than the lower energy level because less material reaches that energy level. The energy that travels from the higher energy level adjusts the system in the lower energy level. And sooner or later. 

The energy that flows from the higher energy level into the lower energy system destroys it. But that thing can destroy both systems. When those systems reach the same energy level they push each other away. 

The reason. Why a high-energy system will not destroy so easily, as a low-energy system is that the energy dumps in that system are deeper. The high energy level allows bigger differences in the participant's energy levels than the low energy level. 

Dimensions are not stable. They depend on the difference between the energy levels of particles. So the difference in the energy levels of particles must fit in a certain slot so that they can exchange information. And the ability to exchange information is the thing that determines the dimension where the particle exists. And we can think that dimension is the energy level where particles change information. 

When we think of the absolute zero point in energy we can say that each frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum has its own zero point. That means X- and gamma-rays can travel in a different direction than other electromagnetic wave movements. 

That explains why black holes transmit gravitational waves. The black hole is in a higher energy level in gravitational area than other objects. And this means the black hole sends gravitational radiation away from it and pulls everything else inside it. Gravitational waves mean gravitation is wave movement. That acts like all other wave movements. But we cannot place that wave movement to the right point in the electromagnetic spectrum. 

A new model of dimensions is that there are three dimensions in time. And one in the material. 

But then we are facing the new model where are one dimension in material and three in time. Or, in that model, we can think that there still are three dimensions in the material. And three in time. And the point where material impacts time is the only point that means something to us. And in that new model, we can think the time as a form of wave movement or energy. 

In that model, time travels from the future to the past. That means the past still exists in time and space. And if we think that time acts like the energy the future is "higher level in time" than the past. So reality forms in the future and travels to the past.  

If time is wave movement or some form of energy there is theoretically possible to create a thing called "time stealth". In that model, there is a form, that makes time slide over that object without affecting it. And that this object is timeless. But proving that thing is always very hard. But the time stealth is of course an interesting philosophical thought. 

https://shorttextsofoldscholars.blogspot.com/

Casimir effect and vacuum energy are not forming energy from anything. They just increase the power of wave movement

The cone on the top of the text introduces the universe's expansion. But in this text, the purpose of that image is to demonstrate the vacuum energy model. The idea is that wave movement or energy starts to fall in the minimum energy point. 

That is in the middle of the system. So that point is like a pothole, and because all systems are trying to reach energy stability, that energy pothole makes energy or information fall in it. 

There is a minimum energy point in an electromagnetic field. And that causes energy starts to travel to that minimum energy point. The system can collect that energy by putting an antenna, like disk shape structure in that wave movement. 

There is the possibility to create the laser ray that forms this kind of situation. The laser shoots electron cores away from atoms that are in that disk. And that causes that energy starts to travel at that point. The system collects that energy which travels through that plate. 

But that energy system must make more energy than it uses. The idea is that an antenna or system just collects more energy from its environment than it uses. 

"Casimir forces on parallel plates" (Wikipedia/Casimir effect)

Casimir effect and vacuum energy are not forming energy from anything. They just rise the strength of the wave movement. Vacuum energy means the situation where energy or wave movement is traveling through an antenna, and that antenna turns that thing into electricity. Sometimes the vacuum energy means the wave movement that is shot through the standing wave movement. That has the same frequency. 

The requirement for the Casimir effect is that the plates are very close to each other. The distance between two plates must be smaller than the size of atoms. The thing that forms the Casimir effect is the wave movement or standing wave movement that is between those plates. The Casimir effect means that the electron's or wave movement's energy level will rise when it travels through that standing wave movement.   

Sometimes misunderstand the so-called Casimir effect of energy from nothingness. Casimir effect is not making energy from emptiness. The idea of the Casimir effect is that electrons travel between plates that are extremely close to each other. When an electron jumps to a vacuum between those plates. It just harvests an electromagnetic field with it. When an electron travels across the electromagnetic field between those "Casimir plates" it loads energy from those fields into itself. 

Or otherwise saying the quantum field is touching the electron. The Casimir effect could be a very interesting tool in radio communication and energy production. But the problem is that effect is possible only in the superconducting conditions. In the description of the Casimir effect is told that an electron forms a virtual particle when it travels between those Casimir plates. 

The virtual particle forms when the electron's energy level rises when that quantum field loads energy into it. When an electron is coming closer to receiving plate it releases that extra energy as radiation or photon. So Casimir effect is a multilevel phenomenon. That is possible between superconducting plates that are extremely close to each other. But a similar effect is seen between electrons and other particles. The fact is that information can travel also between electrons. In that case, another electron's energy level must be higher than the other. And that causes the wave motion to transfer to another electron. 

Near black holes, wave movement that comes outside the transition disk and travels through it rises the material's energy level around the black hole to intensive temperature along with friction. So the effect is similar to zero-point or vacuum energy. 

Vacuum energy is also sometimes misunderstood. Sometimes black holes are also a synonym for vacuum energy. Or the gravitational effect of black holes is forming a situation where wave movement travels through the transition disk and rises its temperature to an extremely high level. 

The idea of vacuum energy is that there is a hole or low-pressure (minimum energy level) area in an electromagnetic field. That low-pressure hole in the electromagnetic field causes electromagnetic radiation or wave movement starts to travel in that hole. It's possible. Electromagnetic black holes can form a similar effect. An electromagnetic black hole is a case where energy starts to travel at a certain point. 

In some visions, a laser ray, that shot through the plate-shaped structure could make an electromagnetic black hole. The idea is that the laser ray shoots electron cores away from atoms. And that thing creates a situation where energy starts to travel to that electromagnetic effect through the plate. So the plate collects the energy that is traveling to that extremely electronegative point in the middle of the plate. 

The idea is like an electron-hole. When the energy level of an electron at the front of the wire rises it starts to transmit wave movement or energy to the wire. Theoretically, electron holes can use to create energy. The problem is that to create energy economical. The electron hole must be far larger than it is in electric wires. If we want to make the electron-hole generator we must just create an electric wire or antenna that is at a lower energy level than its environment, and then the energy starts to travel to that antenna. 

https://differentimpulse.com/quantum-vacuum-less-than-zero-energy/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir_effect

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuum_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-point_energy

https://shorttextsofoldscholars.blogspot.com/

What if a tornado-looking structure could explain the shape of gravitation?

What if the form of gravitation is a coil-spring-looking structure inside all particles? 

The difference between black holes' extremely strong gravitational field and quantum gravitation is the strength of those fields. Otherwise, those phenomena are the same. 

Probably there is a gravitational tornado inside the black hole. That gravitational tornado looks a little bit like a coil spring. There is a coil spring-looking superstring around the electromagnetic low-pressure. 

That coil-sping-looking gravitational wave transmits information to the poles of the black hole. There is lower pressure or a "colder" area in the middle of that tornado. And maybe there is a standing gravitational wave inside that gravitational structure. The most out-core of the gravitational tornado transmits information out from that powerful gravitational maser effect. 

If that structure exists. It could explain the form of gravitation. If gravitation is energy or a tornado that gravitational waves forming, that tornado could explain the gravitation. 

The gravitational or electromagnetic tornados could act like an antenna that pulls energy out from the center of the black holes and particles. Energy or wave movement acts like water. If something transfers it away the structure's outcoming wave movement will start to replace that energy. So if a gravitational tornado is a form of gravitation. That means outside wave movement pushes particles together. The difference between a black hole's extremely strong gravitational field and the quantum gravitation that surrounds protons and neutrons is the strength of that field. 

When we are thinking about the form of the black hole's gravitational field, that structure acts like all other wave movements. If some point of that gravitational field is stronger than others that stronger gravitational field pushes the weaker gravitational field away. And that means the gravitational tornado transmits information out of the black hole

When a neutron star is forming the massive gravitational field pulls quantum fields away from atoms. That gravitational field causes an effect where electrons are dropping through the neutron star. Or they are flying to space because of a massive shockwave. At that moment the only thing that remains in that star is neutrons. The reason why neutrons are forming those extremely dense stars is that they are polar particles. 

But also the outcoming material and wave movement pushes the neutrons in one structure. If there is some kind of gravitational tornado that thing pulls wave movement through the neutron star. That wave movement that travels through that structure will pull neutrons together. 

When protons are coming too close to each other electromagnetic forces push them away. Neutrons have north and south poles that tie them to one entirety. When neutron stars are forming, they start to spin, and the speed of that spin is extremely fast. And if some material hits to neutron star's core it turns to plasma and a magnetic field transports that material to the neutron star's poles. It forms a radiation pike known as a pulsar.

But then we want to think that the black holes are "only extreme versions of neutron stars. The spin of black holes is much higher than neutron stars. Their gravitational field is stronger. But there are also radiation pikes at the black hole's poles. 

So, does gravitation act like water? When black holes and neutron stars are spinning. There is forming structure in those objects, that structure is like a tornado or electromagnetic vacuum. This structure could explain the form of gravitation. Two down and one up quarks are forming neutrons. In the extremely high-speed neutron's internal structure is turning in one direction because of centripetal force. That structure is like a triangle and it transports electromagnetic wave movement inside the neutron star. 

Neutron stars and black holes are acting like some tops. In those extremely fast-spinning objects, electromagnetic fields act like water. They are starting to travel to the poles of those objects. And that thing forms those radiation pikes. But there is the possibility that the same effect can explain the model of gravitation. 

https://anewtonsapple.blogspot.com/

. 

Big Bang and 2-dimensional structure

If gravitational waves can form a quantum tornado. That thing can pull gravitational waves from both sides of that gravitational tornado. This causes the impact of the gravitational waves in the middle of that structure. 

The thing called an artificial black hole that is the hole in the 2D atomic structure can make the fundamental way to exchange information in the quantum computer. There is a possibility. The two of those holes would connect by using the "8"-shaped energy tape. 

This thing would not connect those electron holes themselves. It can connect the edges of those electron holes. 

And that thing can make the revolution in quantum computing. But that same thing can open the secrets of what the cosmos looked like before the Big Bang. 

The idea of this hypothesis is that before the Big Bag cosmos was 2D-structure. And then part of that structure reached an energy level that turned it into 3D. So the material turned to 3rd. dimensional. That caused things that the 3D material couldn't exchange information with the 2D universe. When the material's energy level rose that caused the hole in the 2nd. dimension. 

When a material jumps to a higher dimension. Its energy level increases so high that it cannot interact with the lower dimensions. So is a Black Hole a 4-dimensional structure? That means it's like an electron hole in the universe. 

The time before the Big Bang is a mystery even for cosmologists, and all known wave motion and material were released to 3D spacetime when the Big Bang happened. There is the possibility that before the Big Bang universe or space was a 2D layer. Then there formed a hole in that layer because a small part of that space got an energy load that turned it into the 3D structure. So that thing forms a hole in that 2D layer.  

When energy started to fill that hole from the side caused the formation of an energy tower in that hole. Then the energy that jumped out from that pike formed the quantum ring around that hole. That formed the standing wave around the hole. And for traveling over that wall or quantum ring the wave motion started to jump to the tower that started to rotate. 

Then that channel or quantum tornado started to pull the 2D wave motion inside it from both sides of that thing. And suddenly the energy level of that tower was so high that the 2D layer cannot keep it in form. That caused the energy tower to collapse. And it sends wave motion over the just-born universe. 

We can only say that somewhere came some kind of wave motion. That formed the universe. In some visions, the thing that formed Big Bang was the gravitational tower that formed the tornado-shaped wave motion structure. That gravitational or wave-motion tornado created a situation where two wave-motion packages impacted in the middle of that tornado causing a thing called the Big Bang. 

The Big Bang was the sudden energy impulse that was sent through the universe. If that thing formed when the bubble of material and energy turned to 3-dimensional. That thing can explain a thing called dark energy.

We are talking about dimensions like 2nd., 3rd. or 4th. the dimension, we should think that the higher dimension is the energy level that forms from the lower dimensions. So that means when the 3rd. dimension separated from the 2nd. dimension. 

It lost its ability to exchange information with that lower dimension. That thing formed the hole in that dimension. Same way when the energy level of the particle or object rises high enough it jumps to the 4th. dimension, or otherwise saying, it loses its ability to exchange information between that particle and three-dimensional spacetime. 

Image: 

https://www.businessinsider.com/ligo-astronomy-using-gravitational-waves-2016-9?ref=yfp?r=UK&IR=T

Long-lasting pulse of high energy radiation swept over Earth.

The extraordinarily long-lasting, record-breaking gamma-ray burst crossed the Earth's trajectory on Sunday, October 9, 2022. The source of that GRB could be just the born black hole that pulled the supernova remnants inside it. That kind of case where a black hole pulls the molecular cloud around the exploded star back into the black hole can form extraordinary long-term GRBs. The knowledge of the GRB is limited. 

Those eruptions remain for a very short time. And they can cause problems for probes and manned spacecraft. If those GRBs are impacting those things. On Earth magnetic field and atmosphere protect people and computers. But in space, there is not that kind of protection. And that means the GRB can be very dangerous. 

But another reason why researchers are researching that phenomenon is that it is the most high-energy reaction in the universe. If researchers can capture the GRB they could create energy for years. 

And there is another thing that can be possible in the future. That thing is the possibility to create synthetic GRB. The form of the GRB is in the material disk around the black hole. The main question is are black holes sending GRBs in one direction? Or are they sending two gamma-ray pikes in opposite directions? 

When that material starts to whirl around the black hole. Its temperature rises because of friction. And sooner or later, that whirl starts to send gamma- or X-rays. The problem is that the gamma rays are forming very close to the event horizon. That kind of whirl is theoretically possible to create by using two plasma rays. 

In the middle of the plasma, whirl will put the plasma pike. Then the plasma whirl will put to orbit that plasma pike. And that thing could increase the speed of the plasma to so high level that it can create the X- or even gamma rays. 

Aiming for those gamma rays is theoretically a very easy thing. A practical solution is not so easy. Shooting those gamma rays by using lasers that thing could make it possible to aim for the highest energy radiation in the universe. The system bases that system adjusts energy levels of the plasma around the gamma rays and aims that thing in a certain direction. 

https://anewtonsapple.blogspot.com/

Renewing energy and decreasing the use of fossil fuels is a way to decrease carbon emissions and increase European energy independence.

In some cases, there is introduced the possibility replace fossil gasoline by using canola oil and alcohol along with other hydrocarbons and catalysts (ethanol, methanol, potassium chloride, etc.) mixtures. 

Also, methane that forms in the natural rotting process can use as fuel. The methane is possible to clean. Or the system can remove carbon from methane by using carbon filters. 

Renewable energy and decreasing the use of fuel are key roles in the new energy solutions. In a hydrogen economy, we want to think of hydrogen as fuel. The way how to produce hydrogen determines its carbon emissions. If we use things like geothermal energy for hydrogen production that thing makes that gas very ecologic. In the same way, we can connect hydrogen production with other electrolytic processes.

If we can produce hydrogen with other electrolytic processes, that makes it more energy effective. So if the production of sodium and chloride is connected with hydrogen production, that thing makes it more effective. But there is another way to produce hydrogen. That thing is just removing carbon from natural gas. 

The system can also drive natural gas simply through carbon filters. That filter removes carbon from the exhaust gases of the engines. 

In this process, the carbon will use to remove carbon from methane. The methane will conduct through carbon filters. In the same way, the carbon filters that are used in gas masks can remove carbon from carbon dioxide. 

Engineers created that technology for removing carbon diesel engines' exhaust gas. And that made it possible that submarines could use diesel engines or gas turbines in underwater conditions. 

The diesel-electric submarines required diesel for loading their batteries. When that submarine drives underwater it uses electric engines. But the weakness of that system is that it needs to reload its batteries. 

And if that thing could be made deep underwater the submarine would be less vulnerable. Normally diesel-electric submarines use a snorkel or a tube pair when they load their batteries. Another tube exhaust the exhaust gas. 

And another tube will drive oxygen to the engine. Also driving the inner air of the submarine through carbon filters makes it possible to remove carbon dioxide from the submarine's breathing air. 

Making similar fuel bubbles to that thermobaric vacuum bombs create makes it possible to decrease fuel use. 

When we want to decrease emissions, we must decrease fuel use. The idea is simply the combustion engine must make the needed pressure that makes the piston move by using something more than just fuel. The simplest way to make that is to use water with fuel. In that case, the system injects water along with vaporized fuel in the system. The most advanced method system covers the water droplet by using fuel. In that system the fuel burns on the surface of the water droplet. 

One version of those new systems is to use a system that makes bubbles in the combustion chamber. The idea is taken from the thermobaric vacuum bomb. 

If the system makes a fuel bubble, where the fire front moves on the surface of that fuel bubble that is filled by air. In that version, the injection system will make a bubble of fuel fog, and then the system injects oxygen into that bubble. That makes the hollow fuel core for that bubble. And it decreases the use of fuel.

That thing makes it possible to create high pressure by using a smaller mass of fuel than using normal fuel systems. 

https://www.talouselama.fi/uutiset/suomalaistutkijat-valjastivat-historiaan-hukkuneen-natsien-sotasalaisuuden-uusiutuvan-polttoaineen-kehitykseen-miljoonarahoitus/ca1978c2-1469-46a4-bee1-4c4ab8b1505b

Image: Pinterest. 

What kind of place was the young universe?

Cosmologists say that the young universe was "hot", but they don't usually explain what "hot" means. There was a lot more energy in the early universe, and material along with wave motion was thicker than today. 

But the universe was not similar as its today. The reflection was stronger and cosmic inflation was extremely strong. Also, radiation was stronger, and that caused the vaporization of material to be slower. 

The material was at a higher energy level than it's now. But the base energy level of that system was also higher. And time was different in that system. 

The gravitational interaction was also stronger. The reason for that objects was closer to each other. But the electromagnetic interaction was different. The quantum fields and radiation pushed those objects and pumped more energy into them. 

In the young universe, two forces fought against each other. Radiation rips the universe into pieces and gravitation pulls objects back together. 

The expansion of the young universe was similar. But because the universe or the plasma bubble that forms visible material was smaller the effect of expansion was stronger. 

Strong reflection caused the speed of light to be slower. Or photons moved with more curving trajectories. 

Time was slower in the young universe. And there were situations where the photons were trapped inside the radiation. That means the high-energy material formed the photon crystals that formed standing photons inside that plasma. 

Because the material was thicker the effects of the things like supernovas were more powerful than its today. Those stars exploded in the young universe as super supernovas. 

The thing that formed those super supernovas was similar to the effect of the detonation in water. When some explosive detonates in water. Its effect is more powerful than if that explosive detonates in the air. 

Those super supernovas affected also other stars in the young universe. And their shockwaves can destroy many stars. The thing is that the life of the stars in the young universe was short and fast. 

The interesting thing in the young universe was that if we would be in that space, we would not feel that anything was smaller than in the modern universe. Everything was smaller in that strange space. Of course, the energy level of the young universe was higher than it's today. 

But that would not mean that the stars were "hotter" than in the modern universe. The terms "hot" and "cold" depending on the difference between the base energy level and the object. So if we think that the base energy level of the early or young universe would be two million degrees Celsius, that means the "zero kelvin" in that system is two million degrees celsius. 

The base energy level in our universe is -273,15 degrees Celsius or zero Kelvin. That thing is made in the laboratory. The Universe itself is at least three to four degrees hotter than the absolute zero point. 

But if we want to measure that temperature we must be outside that system. If we are inside that system the lowest possible energy level is 2 million degrees Celcius in our system. The thing is that we can measure only temperature differences, and the base temperature or energy level of the system is the energy minimum. Below that is no energy that we can measure. 

https://astronomyandtechnology.blogspot.com/

Let's talk about lasers.

There is a limit to how powerful the laser can be. The thing that causes this effect is the asymmetry in photon flow. Because, photons are traveling overlapping, that causes internal interaction in laser rays. 

There are always little differences in energy levels of photons that are in the different positions in laser rays. And that thing causes turbulence in the coherent light. In that case, the turbulence causes a lack of energy. 

There is a possibility to increase the power of the laser ray by putting photons traveling in lines. If photons are forming straight wall-looking structures they are not disturbing each other so much. And that thing makes it possible to increase the power of the laser ray. 

The thing that destroys the target is heat expansion. Or actually, the thing in the heat expansion destroys material is the end of the radiation. When energy stress ends, that thing causes the situation where the particle delivers its extra energy as the radiation impulse. That radiation impulse is the thing that destroys the bonds of the material. 

The power of the laser is not as important as people think. The more important thing is how much energy the laser will deliver to the target during the operation. 

The important thing is what kind of radiation it gives. Some lasers are giving short and high-energy pulses. That is knocking the target. 

And other lasers are giving long-term impulse, that suddenly ends. That kind of laser can deliver very much energy to the target even if their energy level is not maximum.  And they can be more devastating than high-power lasers that give only short-term pulses. 

Sources: 

(https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/laser-energy-limit/)

https://miraclesofthequantumworld.blogspot.com/

There is an interesting thing in gravitation. Why it seems to act oppositely to other forces?

When we are thinking about three interactions, strong interaction or weak nuclear force, and electromagnetism the reason for their ability to interact only in short distances can be simpler than we ever thought. The reason for that short-distance interaction is that the particles that are interacting are so small. 

When the boson starts to transmit force it will turn to wave motion before it can start affecting the particle. The small size of those particles like quarks causes the wave motion cannot form a vacuum on the other side of the particle. 

But the thing about gravitation is that seems to interact the wrong way. Gravitation should travel away from the gravitational center. This is the reason why black holes send gravitational waves. But why that thing pulls objects together? When all other particles send energy they are oscillating. And that oscillation breaks the bonds between those particles. Why gravitation acts otherwise? 

The gravitational effect acts opposite way to other forces. In regular quantum, systems energy flows to the lower energy level. But in gravitation. All objects travel to heavier objects. And because gravitation is radiation it's also energy. 

Black holes are pulling also wave motion inside it. And that means the black hole is at a lower energy level than other particles and objects in the universe. The fact is this in regular quantum systems the energy should travel away from the black hole. 

And if we want to take a simple example we can think about the tube and water as energy. The water flows to the lower energy level. But in nature the gravitation is energy. And that means gravitation should act otherwise. 

In the case of Earth, the planet is the gravitational center. And that means the level of gravitational energy should be higher on the Earth. So gravitation should travel away from earth. And that thing causes another interesting thing. 

Is a gravitation vacuum that forms ahead of the objects. And then that vacuum pulls the objects together? That thing means that gravitational wave motion travels to Earth. Not away from it. That thing explains why gravitation pulls objects together. 

In the case of wormholes, the more massive black hole would send gravitational waves to the smaller black hole. The reason for that is gravitation should act like all other forces. In quantum entanglement, or in the case where a wormhole connects two black holes, the system attempts to get energy stability. So the energy should travel from the higher energy black hole to the lower energy black hole. 

But the thing is that the supermassive black holes should have higher gravitational energy levels than other objects in the universe. And that energy should travel away from the black hole. Gravitation is energy or radiation like all other wave motions. Why that force is so different than all other forces? That thing is the key element to understanding the interactions in the universe.