Time and the Big Bang theory.

Time and the Big Bang theory. 

Maurits Escher's portrait "Ascending and Descending" can introduce a situation where particles move between energy levels. When another particle moves up, that pushes another particle to move into a lower energy level. If two particles move up and one particle is between them, they move that one particle back or to a lower energy level faster. 

So if the case is this. When one particle moves one energy step up. The neighbour particle must move one step down.. And, if that particle is between two particles that move one step up. That particle that goes down should move two steps down. 

The reason for that is this: when one particle moves into an upper energy level, it gets that energy from the particle that moves to the lower energy level. And if the particle "wants" to push two particles to the upper energy level, it must release twice as much energy as one particle requires. In the same way, if two particles step down in the energy level and there is a particle between them, that causes a situation where those two particles release energy. They push the particle between them two steps higher. 

In one dark energy model. The reason for dark energy is that some particles just release their energy too fast. The idea is similar to the waterfall. When water drops from the slopes, it forms a sound when it hits the bottom. That sound forms when water releases its energy. The fact is that water releases part of its energy into the air. While water molecules travel in the air, they form friction. 

And that friction means that water released some part of its kinetic energy. Transforms into thermal energy. But what if water falls in the vacuum? In that case, falling water would not release its kinetic energy to the air. That means water transfers more kinetic energy to the bottom. And that means water would be at a higher energy level than it would be if it traveled through the air. 

Energy requires a place where it can move. When a particle travels through the universe, it interacts with its environment. That means a particle receives or releases energy. If a particle cannot transfer its energy to somewhere, like another particle or a quantum field, it remains higher energy than it should be. 

Can that thing be the evidence of the wormholes? The wormhole would not let the particle release its energy. And that can explain why some particles are at a higher energy level than calculated. The reason for that higher energy level can be that the particle traveled across the magnetic storm. And that tells us that the sun's magnetic storms can load more energy into particles than they should carry. 

But when a particle comes out from that magnetic effect, it causes a situation where energy flows faster from those particles than it should. In the same way, when particles come out of the hypothetical wormhole, that means they are at a higher energy level than they should be. And that causes a similar situation. The particle releases its energy faster than it should. That kind of effect can rip particles into pieces. 

Above: "A depiction of a universe-antiuniverse pair. Credit: Wikipedia, CC" (Phys.org, New model suggests partner anti-universe could explain accelerated expansion without the need for dark energy)

The Big Bang was an event, or a series of events. Big Bang released into time. The idea of that model is this. There are four dimensions: three in space and two in time. The Schwinger effect formed matter straight from wave movement. Before the Big Bang, there was wave movement. Or, some quantum points, or quantum dots, in that spacetime. It's possible that those quantum dots were small whirls in the starting field. Then those quantum dots started to assemble a wave movement around them.

It's possible that the event that formed the universe actually formed two universes. There is a formed universe where we live. And the universe, there at least, is the mirror. So, in the anti-universe, the matter is antimatter, but some cosmologists believe that time also moves oppositely. 

The Universe formed from a starting field that could be the gravitational wave movement fields. When we think about a model, the Schwinger effect or quantum whirls form the universe. We can think of a situation. There was a fast-moving energy impulse, or energy arrow, that traveled through the starting field. That energy arrow should form two arrows. And this model supports the antiverse model. 

Or in some other models, the quantum dots moved away. From each other because of some quantum mechanical impact. That thing moved quantum fields away from each other. And then they tried to fill that hole. This means that the starting field started to form. A tower-type structure, and sooner or later, that field couldn't keep the tower in its form. That collapse was the thing. Called the Big Bang.  Or it started a series of events that we call the Big Bang. 

There is a model that the spacetime is actually formed of the internally traveling time arrows. Time moves forward at the outer layer of that time arrow. The internal structure of the time arrow moves backward in time. The idea is that. We live in the third dimension, and the material's base energy level. At the quantum state is a 2D material. This forms the second dimension. Energy travels out from the material. 

Above: Waterfall. The sound of falling water forms when water releases its kinetic energy. (Pinterest)

This means. The material turns into a "flat" form. Or the material turns into a 2D form.  So the form of the universe can be a giant sobrero. There is a similar structure. Like a plasma impact wave that surrounds our solar system, we cannot get information from outside the universe. That shockwave formed during the Big Bang travels at the forward edge of the universe. And it denies getting information from outside the universe. There can also be a gravity wave traveling ahead of the Universe, that closes the universe inside the gravity sphere. And it also denies gravity observations from outside the universe. 

But let's go back. The internal time arrows. The idea is this. When the time arrow, or arrow of time, moves forward, it pushes things around it back in time. There is a possibility that the universe or material is the structure that acts as a hollow time arrow. The hollow time arrow forms when the edges of the structure travel forward in time. And they push their internal structures back in time. 

This model can work with the 3D spacetime model. If there is a structure, then the outer edge pushes energy into the middle of it, which means that the energy falls straight into the second dimension. That causes an effect where energy starts to spread around. But because there is a structure that transports energy into that point, the structure forms the standing wave into the second dimension. That means. There forms the structure. That looks like a volcano. Energy falls in the middle of it. 

That wave movement releases energy. That energy impacts the energy that comes outside, which starts to raise the structure's energy level. And because that field travels up those fields, it binds energy into them. The outside energy impacts the inner structure, which transmits energy to the second dimension. And that forms the energy trap or standing wave around the structure. The standing wave's energy level rises outward, or the inward field gives in and falls on the structure. 

https://phys.org/news/2024-06-partner-anti-universe-expansion-dark.html

https://scitechdaily.com/what-if-the-big-bang-wasnt-the-beginning-supercomputers-search-for-clues/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow_of_time

Gravitational waves and quantum models.

Gravitational waves and quantum models. 

Gravitational waves are a wave movement or radiation. That moves gravitational fields. The problem with gravitational waves is how they can pull particles into the gravitational center. The answer can be that small strings can form those gravitational waves. Those small strings can spin in one direction, and that thing drives fields that the gravity wave penetrates to the gravity center. There is also a possibility that if the superstring theory is right, the waves or small skyrmions that travel at the superstring’s shell push those particles to the gravitational centers. Which one is the correct answer? 

That depends on the gravitational wave or wave structure’s position. If those waves are horizontally crossing the object, those strings can push fields through that structure that could look like a little bit of an egg cutter, where wires cut the egg in bites. In the second model, the string goes lengthwise through the object. In that case, when a black hole or the gravity center sends a gravity wave, it evaporates. In that case, the structure that evaporates pulls those strings into it. 

The gravity wave itself is like an energy ditch. That travels in space-time. The energy ditch forms when the G-(Gravity)field travels through other energy fields. That gravity field takes other fields with it. So the idea is similar to how some strings travel through the wave. If the string goes through the wave in the opposite direction, it pulls the wave energy into it. And if there is enough time, that string will turn wave backward. The gravity wave is a ditch in the energy field that travels to the gravity center. 

That makes energy travel faster to the gravity center. So how can energy travel in the wrong direction? The gravity wave is actually a stronger point in the gravity field. When the gravity center pulls other fields around it. Those fields pull particles with them. A gravitational wave is a space-time phenomenon. That which the field travels faster or carries particles stronger than otherwise. Or actually, gravity is waves. And gravity waves travel all the time across the universe. But sensors see only the strongest gravity waves. Those waves form when black holes collide. 

The Answer is in the field interaction. Every single fundamental interaction (electromagnetism, weak nuclear force, strong nuclear force, gravity) is a wave movement. Otherwise, we can say that each fundamental interaction is like radiation. Every fundamental interaction has a unique wavelength in that radiation, or wave movement. So, when the black hole, or some other gravity center, sends gravity waves, it sends G-field waves. When those waves push the gravity field away. That causes the effect that other energy fields try to fill that hole. This thing causes an effect that we call gravity. 

Gravity from entropy in an interesting theory.

"Diagrammatic representation of the entropic quantum gravity action. The action for gravity is given by the quantum relative entropy between the metric of the manifold and the metric induced by the matter field and the geometry. Credit: Physical Review D (2025). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.111.066001" (Phys.org, Gravity from entropy: A radical new approach to unifying quantum mechanics and general relativity)

If we think that gravitation occurs in cases where the spinning particles store energy in the. And transform that energy into kinetic energy, we can explain special features of gravity like this. All parts of atoms are spinning. And all particles have their own individual quantum gravity field. So if we try to look at the gravity fields around atoms, we would see multiple different-sized whirls. Gluons, W, and Z bosons, quarks, and electrons conduct energy into themselves. 

But also things like quantum fields and quantum field tunnels between quarks and around the atom's spin. That spinning movement binds energy to those particles and fields. And those particles and fields turn that energy into kinetic energy. 

So, energy, or quantum fields, can also bind energy and make energy travel to those fields. In the same way as in all objects, the spin or speed of a particle or field accelerates until it starts to deliver energy. That means things like black holes will send gravitational waves that are emitted from those objects. When their spin speed slows, they start to deliver energy. Even a black hole cannot create energy from nothing. It must conduct energy somewhere if it spins more slowly. And in that process, a black hole delivers energy. As well as all other objects in the universe. 

In the same way, if we think that quantum fields form superstrings, that explains some interesting things in gravity. Theoretical superstring is the rolled quantum field. So when a superstring moves, it harnesses energy from its environment. The superstring doesn’t form energy; it harnesses and stores it from fields around it. When a superstring slows, it releases a gravitational wave or some other energy wave. Just like all other gravitational centers. 

Gravitation from entropy, or entropic gravity, is a new and exciting model to explain quantum gravity. And attempt to fit quantum gravity into Einstein's general relativity and special relativity. That model tries to connect quantum gravitation to the larger-scale gravitation. Entropic gravitation holds the idea that gravitation is like electromagnetic radiation, or one of the quantum fields.

So, if gravitation is like radiation, there should be a so-called G-field that gravitational radiation forms. That G-field or free gravitational field is like any other radiation field, but gravitational radiation or gravitational wave movement forms that G-field. The G-field could form particles because wave-particle duality (WPD) is also possible between gravitational waves. 

"Representation of the gravitational field of Earth and Moon combined (not to scale). Vector field (blue) and its associated scalar potential field (red). Point P between earth and moon is the point of equilibrium." (Wikipedia, Gravitational field)

When we think about how difficult it is to fit quantum gravity with larger-scale gravitational objects, we must dare to ask one question. Did somebody forget fields when they made gravitational models? That means spinning, or moving quantum fields, can also act like a gravity center. The idea is that a fast-spinning field also binds energy fields from around it. And that makes those fields travel to that field. 

That means in theory the field can also act as a gravity center. The idea is that particles are also waves. Or they are condensed wave movements. In reactions like annihilation, antimatter-matter impacts turn antiparticle-particle pairs into the wave movement. That means matter is packed with energy. And when a particle hits its anti-particle pair, it releases energy that is stored in particles. 

The wave-particle duality means that particles can turn into energy or wave movement. And wave movement can turn into particles. If a G-field exists and some particle spins in it, that particle also rolls the G-field in it and turns that field into kinetic energy. That is one way to close this theorem. But the other way is to think that there are no absolute vacuums in the universe. There are always some kinds of fields and things like superstrings that are extremely thin energy fields. In the same way as superstrings and particles store energy, the spinning quantum field stores energy. 

Those things form the smallest structures in the universe. When a superstring or any other structure spins, that structure stores energy into it in the form of kinetic energy. When a spinning structure turns energy into kinetic form, it harnesses that energy from around it. That makes energy move to the structure. An energy field from outside the pulling area tries to fill that energy pothole. The energy movement to the object continues until the object’s energy level rises so high that energy can break the whirl around that object. 

But again, we can replace the word spinning by using word movement. The moving particle or object, like a moving field, stores energy. If we think that entropy is space where it is moving and oscillating, that thing can explain the form of gravity. Those particles store and deliver energy, and that can explain gravity. The question is always, what causes those quantum fields to move? Moving quantum fields take particles and radiation with them. And that makes the effect known as gravity. 

https://phys.org/news/2025-03-gravity-entropy-radical-approach-quantum.html

https://www.quantamagazine.org/is-gravity-just-entropy-rising-long-shot-idea-gets-another-look-20250613/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropic_gravity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_field

Black holes paradox. Can gravity waves escape from them?

   Black holes paradox. Can gravity waves escape from them? 

Black hole paradox gravitational waves cannot escape from the black hole. But black holes send gravitational waves. And if those gravitational waves are not coming from the black hole, what is their source? Is there some other "yet unknown" radiation with different wavelengths that we cannot see? 

The black hole paradox is interesting. Gravity should not escape from a black hole's massive gravity field. But if that thing is true, the black hole should not be able to pull anything inside it, because gravitational interaction happens through gravity waves. So if gravity waves do not interact with particles they could not pull material into the gravitational field. 

The gravitational waves are traveling gravitational fields, and that means they can interact with gravity fields. Same way electromagnetic waves have their origin in electromagnetic fields. Electromagnetic fields can manipulate electromagnetic field's shape and strength. Same way gravity wave has the same wavelength as a gravity field. And that affects its strength and shape. 

Does gravity exist in the fourth dimension? 

The fact is that natural forces are the same in all dimensions. In theories, the dimension is energy level. Jumping into the fourth dimension could happen by increasing the object's energy level. When the energy level rises the object loses its ability to interact with other 3D particles. So when that particle cannot exchange information with other particles, it leaves left 3D world and jumps into the fourth dimension. 

At that moment particle will lost. The fourth dimension is like our universe. And all natural forces are the same as in our universe. The fourth dimension is at a higher energy level than our three-dimensional universe. That causes the theory that there are lots of extra dimensions above our universe. Because extra dimensions above our third dimension are at higher energy levels. That means those extra dimensions are smaller than our third dimension.  

The theory about extra dimensions tells us that extra dimensions are like our third dimension. But its energy level is much higher than our universe. The thing about extra dimensions is that they are smaller than our universe. And in some theories, there are other civilizations behind the event horizons. But we cannot prove anything.

The vaporization of the black holes, tells that there is energy that travels out from black holes. Fourth dimensions exist in our Universe in the form of black holes. We cannot imagine what those universes look like because we cannot see four-dimensional material and wave movement out from it. But if there is some other wave movement than gravitational waves that can escape from black holes, that wave movement is invisible to us.  

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/gravity-extra-dimensions/

What happens to all black holes?

  What happens to all black holes?

 

Are gravity waves the same as Hawking's radiation? 

How can photons escape from a black hole? The fact is that black holes transform all radiation that drops in it into gravitational radiation. Gravitational waves or gravitational radiation is one form of wave movement. If there is a suitable object. That can resonate with the right frequency and wavelength, it's possible to transform any fundamental interaction into another. 

The reason for that is this. All four fundamental forces or fundamental interactions have wave movement and particle forms. 

Chancing the wavelength of those wavelengths that bosons the transportation particles send turns the fundamental interaction into another. So changing the fundamental interaction into another like electromagnetism to weak nuclear interaction happens by changing the wavelength of those interactions. 

Black holes are sending gravity waves, and gravity is one form of radiation. When Stephen Hawking made his famous idea of Hawking's radiation or radiation that could escape from the black hole. 

The gravitational wave's existence was purely hypothetical. LIGO sensor found gravitational radiation in 2015. And Hawking died in 2018. There is the possibility that Hawking didn't have the will or ability to comment on the gravity waves. Gravity waves are causing the idea that maybe Hawking's radiation is gravity waves. 

"A research study using the James Webb Space Telescope has found that active galactic nuclei, supermassive black holes that grow rapidly, are less common than previously thought. This discovery suggests a more stable universe and provides insights into faint galaxies and challenges in identifying these nuclei." (ScitechDaily.com/What Happened to All the Supermassive Black Holes? Astronomers Surprised by Webb Data)

"While distant host galaxies for quasars and active galactic nuclei can often be imaged in visible/infrared light, the jets themselves and the surrounding emission is best viewed in both the X-ray and the radio, as illustrated here for the galaxy Hercules A. It takes a black hole to power an engine such as this, but that doesn’t necessarily mean that this is matter/radiation escaping from inside the event horizon." (BigThink.com/Ask Ethan: How does light escape from a black hole?)

We can say that the radiation jets from black holes have a connection with vaporization where black holes turn to radiation. The black holes help to create models that explain the gravitation. The result is that gravitation requires resistance or some kind of quantum field that presses particles or objects like a black hole into its form. Without that resistance or outside qauntum field black hole's vaporization turns so fast that it detonates. 

The fate of all black holes is vaporization. Those things turn into wave movement. And the reason for that is that no energy can replace the radiation that black holes send. Because black holes are losing mass, that means they send radiation. The wavelength of that radiation is gravity radiation or gravity waves. So black holes send radiation in the form of gravity waves. 

When black holes form in a supernova explosion. All material and energy will packed in the entirety called singularity. During a supernova explosion, the explosion blows all quantum fields out from the star. And then those quantum fields drop back to the place. Where stars have been.

Those falling quantum fields press all electrons, quantum fields, and quarks into an entirety that is smaller than atoms. Materia is one energy form and those quantum fields raise singularity's energy level so high that nothing can reach it. So black holes start to send gravitational radiation in the form of gravity waves around the universe. 

Two models can explain gravitational radiation and electromagnetic pikes at the black hole's poles. The idea in both models is that the singularity is so high-energy particle or object that nothing can cross the radiation wall around it. In some models, Hawking's radiation and the gravity waves that the black hole sends are the same thing. 

Whenever a singularity sends gravitational radiation it loses a little bit of its mass. Singularty's energy level is higher than any other particle, which means it can send radiation only in one direction. And that means nothing can replace that energy. This is the thing that causes the vaporization of black holes. 

Black holes are not black. They send radiation called gravity waves. So that means black holes are tensors that are turning all radiation that drops in that thing to gravitational radiation. There is the possibility that radiation that travels through the event horizon turns to gravitational radiation or gravity waves when they impact the singularity. In that model the energy reaches singularity but it cannot touch it and replace the lost energy that travels out from the black hole in the form of gravity waves. 

Model 1)

This model goes like this: When material and energy travel around the event horizon black hole pulls radiation in it. That radiation travels into the black hole and then reflects from the quantum gravity field around the singularity. The gravitational waves could fill the sphere behind the event horizon with radiation. And then sooner or later, that radiation goes too far from the singularity forming radiation that we see outside the black hole's event horizon. 

Black holes can pull radiation and material inside it. But that material and energy cannot reach the singularity in the middle of a black hole. In that version, the singularity sends gravitational radiation or gravity waves with so high frequency and short wavelength that nothing can reach the singularity itself. That means singularity can send radiation only in one direction. If no radiation or energy cannot replace that radiation the singularity will vaporize. 

Model 2 is almost the same as model 1)

Singularity is the point that spins at an extremely high speed. And if there is a so-called quantum channel in that extremely dense entirety, that channel can cause gravitational waves can travel to the black hole's poles. In that model, singularity aims all radiation through it and then conducts it to the black hole's poles. There could be a small quantum vacuum near those energy pikes and that energy rips the singularity in pieces or turns it to wave movement. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/light-escape-black-hole/

https://scitechdaily.com/what-happened-to-all-the-supermassive-black-holes-astronomers-surprised-by-webb-data/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction