What means cognitive learning systems?

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Cognitive systems are systems that are handling problems like humans. They are learning systems that are increasing their capacity all the time. When those systems are facing first time some problem. They are asking human operators to make the solution for those things. Then the system creates the matrix of that solution. And when the system faces a similar case. 

It can use the solution that the operator is made automatically. When its sensors are facing similar parameters that are connected with the solution. That made for the previous case. The thing that makes cognitive systems autonomous is the number of solutions stored in the databases. The idea is that when a sensor faces a similar situation that is stored in a database. 

It can autonomously connect that database to the AI. Data that the system benefits can be the film that is connected to the database. The thing is that this is one way to make the system learns things. The idea is similar to training humans. When the system faces the problem the first time it asks for help. But when the number of solutions is increasing that makes the system more independent. 

The problem is where the system can collect data? The AI can use machine learning for many purposes. Robotics is the most impressive thing where AI can be effective. But there are two types of robots. The robot can be physical. Or it can be an algorithm or some kind of bot that collects virtual data from the Internet. The algorithm can follow the homepage and then transmit the data to the user. 

A good example is an application that follows certain aircraft or air routes by using public databases. That kind of bot can keep a record or database of how often a certain flight is late. And that kind of bot can also follow many airfields for seeing. If some certain airlines are late more often than others. 

The thing is that AI can collect data from certain systems. It can follow the cases like sick leave. Then it can search is there something that predicts the sick leaves. That thing can be like Christmas parties. Or some other things are predicting the sick leaves. The thing that makes AI a very powerful tool is that it can search data from multiple systems. 

It can search the emails and connect the information of the surveillance cameras to that data. The image recognition systems are making AI more powerful than ever before. The system can see. If there are some kind changes in the walking style or other body communication. The AI can see changes and report them to security personnel. 

Cognitive systems and sharing information: New artificial intelligence and expert systems in battlefields and other mission-critical work

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Kimmo Huosionmaa

Pentagon is very interested to make cognitive and network-based command systems. Cognitive systems mean systems. that are learning from their mistakes, and then develop the new way to operate, in the case that they fail. This means that this kind of systems needs every information, that it can be collected, and then it would make decisions about the actions.  Those systems might not send same parts of the organization to the similar mission if they fail one of them. Cognitive systems make records for actions, what the system does, and if the system operates in the military mission, it would make new tactics for military aircraft or tanks and changing the flight altitude in attack is one thing, what can be changed, if the enemy is using lightweight anti-aircraft missiles.


The term "cognitive system" means actually hybrid systems, what are the combination of humans and supporting computer systems, what is operating as the networks. This means that any operating particle in this system would get the information straight from the sensors of another particle. And also those actors would share the information, that their sensors collect with other particles. This might help the commanders to make decisions in the middle of the critical situation, where succeed of the missions.


And in complicated situations, is time only for the right commands, and only the right commands come immediately, and those situations could be war or some special cases like the nuclear power plant accident. Those situations can happen in the seconds, and if those cases would the commanders of the situation would give wrong commands, could the result be devastating. And if the commander doesn't have the right information about the situation in the reactor and cooling system, would the nuclear power plant explode like in Chernobyl, and if the military commander would not have the right information about the situation.


That would cause terrible losses, and this is the reason, why the battlefield is full of sensors, and also people stress level and other body functions would be controlled by biosensors and action cameras, what would send the data to the headquarters. This data allows the commander make the decision of the actions. And in the combat situation the leaders of different battlegroups, like pilots, tankmen and infantry would get the information of their action cameras and other sensors to their screens.


This would be the very big advantage in the strike teams, what operates in the missions, where the situation would transform in seconds. In modern warfare, the strike force is the combination of aircraft,  ground vehicles, and infantrymen, and this makes the commanding of this system very difficult because the situations would change in seconds. And if the air strike is made too close to the ground crew, would it cause own casualties. In this case, the commander must make decisions in the seconds. And also the service for those troops would come at the right time.


Because if the combat crew is lost their ammunition,  the force would lose the combat, and that's why those systems would follow the use of ammunition and other equipment because those materials must be ordered in the combat area, and those packages could be dropped to own troops by using the parachutes. But at the same time, would that ammunition deny getting in the enemy hands, in the case that the wind blows those parachutes to another side of the front. And in those cases, the ammunition would equip with GPS-detonators, what would explode if the wrong positions.


The packages of the ammunition can be equipped with fingerprint detectors, what allows only authorized persons to open those boxes. That system can be installed in the gloves of military men, and it can also connect to the weapons, what might send the message if they are in the hands of unauthorized personnel. Those smart or computerized gloves, what are equipped with microchips would be used RFID (Radio Frequency ID) -sensor-transmitters, what would communicate with weapons and other equipment, and those smart gloves can detect if the right person uses them. Those GPS- and the fingerprint detector equipped weapons would send that information to the command center, and then the airplanes would come to destroy those weapons by bomb strikes.

Sources:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expert_system

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-an-expert-system-and-artificial-intelligence

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https://www.wexpayables.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/AI-payment-feat-1024x463.jpg

https://sites.google.com/view/artificialexpertsystems/etusivu