Showing posts with label Insects. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Insects. Show all posts

Sunday, July 13, 2025

The new cyborg insects and spiders are coming.


"Illustration of mind-controlled bees equipped with the world's lightest brain controller, depicted as an artificial illustration."(RudeBaquette)

Microchip implants turn bees and other insects into spies. Those microchips allow the controllers to use a joystick to control things like bees. The cyborg insects can transport microchips to the bird’s and fish’s stomachs. And those things help to map their food and environmental threats. Things like flies can search bodies from the area. But the cyborg bees and insects can be used as reconnaissance and weapon tools. 

Robot insects can search people, and they can transport things like eavesdropping tools into rooms. And those things can transport very small eavesdropping microchips on the computers. Those systems can search and listen to data that travels in the computer’s wires. 

That is one of the things that the microchipped cyborg bugs can do. The thing is that those cyborg insect swarms can act as similar as drone swarms. Those microchips can share and receive data. And that allows those microchips to use cloud-based non-centralized data processing models. That kind of system can collect and process data. That makes those insects far away from the natural insects. 

But when we think about this technology more carefully those microchip-controlled insects can also act as biological robot weapons. They can transport microbes that destroy food or turn oil into powder. The last one could destroy the entire fuel storage. But cyborg bugs and spiders are things that can have multiple weapon solutions. 

What if some sniper or some other military operator gets the bee sting just at a critical moment? And the other thing that the weaponization of that technology allows authorities to do is to use the bee swarms as riot controllers. People like leaders in authoritarian states don’t care about the people’s safety and opinions. But there is a possibility that things like black widow spiders will be turned into biological weapons. The microchip-controlled spider can be a tool that makes some horror movies look like children’s games. 

The black widow is a very poisonous spider and that spider can cause death. And in the wrong hands implant technology can be more dangerous than we even dare to believe. Things like implanted snakes and other animals can be perfect assassination tools. And that is the thing that can interest people like Kim Jong-Un and his friends. The fact is that a new race of systems is born. Those systems are multitasking tools. And their developers and users determine where they want to use those systems. 

https://www.rudebaguette.com/en/2025/07/these-bees-are-now-spies-china-stuns-world-by-controlling-insects-with-ultra-light-brain-chips-igniting-fears-of-next-level-espionage/



Tuesday, September 5, 2023

Researchers found a structure in our brain that might be responsible for cognitive functions.

 Researchers found a structure in our brain that might be responsible for cognitive functions.  


The fruit flies have astonishing mathematical abilities. And the purpose of that thing is to protect them against things like parasitic wasps. The intelligence of insects is quite a new area in neurobiology. The thing that researchers noticed astonishing mathematical abilities when they researched fruit flies caused a question about those kinds of basically abstract skills "only reflexes". 

Things like communal or social insects require mathematical skills to find parasitic wasps when they attempt to go inside their nest. To protect their nest bees and other social insects require information on how many bees are left from the base. 

And then they must have a recognition protocol to recognize members of their swarms. They need the ability to follow their swarm mates' behavior to avoid the fungus infection. So the insects have only the skills that they need. And they need lots of skills. If we think about the size of their brain. 

Researchers have noticed that fruit flies brains react similar way to threats as the human brain reacts. And that thing gives new abilities and thoughts for modeling reactions in the human brain. 


"Scientists have discovered that human brain signals form swirling spirals on the outer layer of neural tissue, which play a crucial role in organizing brain activity and cognitive processes. This discovery, based on fMRI scans, could advance our understanding of brain dynamics, potentially leading to better computational models and insights into brain diseases like dementia". (ScitechDaily.com/The Missing Link in Cognitive Processing? Scientists Discover Swirling Spirals in the Brain)



The question is are things like mathematical abilities reflexes? Are all our functions and cognitive skills only the series of reflexes? 


Researchers found whirling spiral-shaped structures in our brains. Those structures might be part of the structure or system that controls cognitive functions in our brain. Cognitive function means voluntary learning, and in that process brain selects what kind of information it wants to store in the brain. And that thing means cognitive learning means the ability to send information through the brain. 

During that process, the brain selects the information that it wants to store. The spiral-looking structure makes it possible to drive information through the brain. And during that process, the brain areas can first store that information in themselves. Then those neurons will make a network and decide do they need those memories. 

If they don't need some memories, the brain drives them straight to the garbage. The idea is that cognitive learning or storing data happens when information travels through those neural spirals a second time. If information is not needed, it will not stored in memory cells. 

The number of memory cells is impressive, but that number is limited. Cognitive skills like mathematics require that the brain release the information that they get is important for something. The neural spiral makes it possible for humans. We can also analyze information more effectively than bees. 


The bees can react more effectively than humans, but bees can't make abstract decisions. The abstract decision means that humans can make so-called "empty decisions". When some bee sees something that seems a threat it always jumps airborne. The observation is connected to reflex. Humans have reflex cells. But we also have cells that are learning new things. 

The human reflex neuron protects humans against things like falling or some strike that comes to the face. But cells that are thinking are separated from that system. And that allows humans to learn things like mathematics. 

Fruit flies have astonishing mathematical abilities. Insects require this ability for one thing. They need mathematical abilities and fast calculation to avoid the intruders like parasitic wasps. There is a possibility that the skills of those neurons could transfer to the human brain neurons. And that could improve the mathematical skills of humans. 

Maybe that thing is only some kind of futuristic vision. However, researchers are making tests by using brain simulation to adjust the brain to learn mathematics. Mathematics is the abstract thing that requires that a person follows certain orders. 

Researchers use electric shocks to improve mathematical skills. The fact is that the brain cells are interacting by using certain types of chemicals and signals. In neural models, the same signals and chemicals that make fruit flies able to calculate things are also making human brain cells make the same things. 


https://mindmatters.ai/2022/02/single-neurons-perform-complex-math-even-in-fruit-flies/


https://neurosciencenews.com/locomotion-brain-center-23868/


https://scitechdaily.com/electrifying-learning-how-brain-stimulation-can-improve-math-learning/?expand_article=1


https://scitechdaily.com/perceiving-quantities-fruit-flies-astonishing-numerical-abilities/


https://scitechdaily.com/the-missing-link-in-cognitive-processing-scientists-discover-swirling-spirals-in-the-brain/



Bees are making decisions more effectively than humans.

 Bees are making decisions more effectively than humans.


The reason why researchers are researching the bees' nervous system is simple. Researchers can use this kind of data can use to develop next-generation AI-based infrastructures. The CPU in non-centralized neural networks only delivers missions to the system. 

The idea is that the CPU (Central Processing Unit) delivers the mission to the sub-system. That can be the RISC (Reduced instruction set computer system). When we think about the human-looking robots, the pneumatic-hydraulic system and the microprocessors that control them are RISC systems. 

Many times before this researchers claim that insects make faster and more precise than humans. There are a couple of reasons why insects like bees make better decisions than humans. If we compare the bees to humans bees are like RISC operators. RISC-operator is a computer that has fewer actions than a regular PC. 

That makes RISC -devices more effective than PCs but their operational sector or skills are more limited than regular PCs have. If we compare a bee with a human that situation is similar as we compare a pocket calculator with a PC. We can make basic calculations faster if we use a pocket calculator. 

Then if we use a PC for that thing we need a computer program and the regular keyboard is not as fast as a pocket calculator. But a regular PC can do many other things. Then just calculate some basic calculations. The number of skills of that computer depends on the data and programs that it has access to. 

The bee has a limited number of skills. And that means there are not many choices that the bee's nervous system can use to select the necessary operations. In the bee's nervous system are not many neurons. And that means the bee must not go through about 100 billion neurons when the bee wants to make something. There are about 950,000 neurons in the bee's brain.

In the brain, the number of physical neurons is not important in the case of decisions. In the thinking process, the most important thing is how to interconnect memory cells into new virtual neurons that can interconnect their data together. 




"New research unveils the decision-making pathways in bee brains, shedding light on their ability to quickly and accurately assess flowers for nectar, which could inspire more autonomous robot designs. The study, led by various academic experts, also emphasizes the efficiency of evolutionarily refined insect brains that could guide future AI development in industries. Credit: Théotime Colin" (Researchers Discover That Bees Can Make Decisions Better and Faster Than We Do)


In reflexes, the position of those memory cells is more important. The thing that makes the reflex effective is the position of memory cells. If memory cells are close to muscle cells each of those cells includes multiple images. That thing makes them more effective. In this case, the net eyes of the bee send images to neurons. 

The image always activates neurons and it sends signals to muscles. The reason for multiple connections in a bee's brain is that the eyes send images to the memory cells. The thing that determines do the bee escapes or not is how many memory cells activate. So the bee's nervous system doesn't send anything back. 

All impulses travel in the same direction. And when they activate the neurons that control muscles, those cells send the signals to muscles anyway. That means some decisions that bees make are a series of reflexes. That causes the question: Do human thinking and human actions also series of reflexes? What if a bee has 200 billion reflexes?

But I don't know if that number is made by calculating physical neurons or if that number is obtained by calculating virtual neurons, which form when neurons interconnect with other neurons. There are more synaptic connections in bee's brains than in human brains. And my opinion is that. We should rather calculate virtual neurons than physical neurons. 

Every connection between the bee's brain cells same way as in the human brain gives a new state to that system. Theoretically is possible that researchers create a single neuron system that is as intelligent as humans. But that thing requires the neuron to have 300 billion circular connections where the axon is connected to that neuron itself. 

Bee's brains are acting in a similar way to human brains. There are memory cells. And every memory cell involves some sensorial data or reaction for those senses. Some other memory cells tell neurons and the router cells how they must send signals to the muscle cells. 

If we think that a bee has a limited number of actions. We can understand why it's so effective. We can think that all skills are memories. And memories are stored in some kind of warehouse. If the number of skills that bees have is like a book, the human has warehouse class skills and abilities. If we had only about 5 or four skills and we had to select from them the selection process would be very fast. But if we have 100 or more skills that gives a response to the event. 

That our senses send to us that thing takes far longer time than in the case that we have only 5 or fewer skills. All skills that humans have formed from sub-skills. So the network or the puzzle of neurons that form virtual neurons is making all our skills. Our skills are more complicated than some bees whose only mission is to find food and then return to the nest. So the only skill that the bee needs is how to find food. And then how to avoid the predators. 


https://scitechdaily.com/researchers-discover-that-bees-can-make-decisions-better-and-faster-than-we-do/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced_instruction_set_computer



Sunday, October 30, 2022

How intelligent were dinosaurs?

 



Maybe some other dinosaurs were more intelligent than others. That means some dinosaurs could make more versatile things than others. But there must be some reasons why the brain and especially connections in the brain started forming. More neural connections and the ability to take the neural signals back and analyze things made some dinosaurs superior to others. 

But when we are thinking about the T-Rex itself there was one thing that could explain why T-Rex was so bloodthirsty. That thing is that information travels only in one direction in its nervous system. That means T-Rex couldn't resist its prey. And it's true, that means something interesting, T-Rex attacked other dinosaurs always when it saw them. So in this case the nervous system of T-Rex acts like an insect neural system. And that means the behavior of T-Rex was like some giant insect. When it smelled its prey it always attacked it. 

In the movie "Jurassic Park" we can see that T-Rex attacks cars and other vehicles. Sometimes I wonder would that thing happen in real life. Would T-Rex attack the thing that it has ever seen before? When T-Rex bites the car it tastes metal and rubber, and the question is would that thing make T-Rex stop its attack? In that movie, T-Rex acts like a dog. And when we think that T-Rex was far more primitive than a dog or lion, we must ask if would real T-Rex have the capacity to make those things. Did that monster  prowl its prey, or did it attack immediately? 

How intelligent were dinosaurs? That is one of the basic questions that repeat again and again. Or maybe we should ask: what is intelligence? When we are trying to compare dinosaurs' intelligence with the intelligence of bacteria, we might say that bacteria make some things faster than dinosaurs. 

Or dinosaurs might run faster than humans. They might bite harder, but humans can make weapons that stop even T-Rex. If dinosaur attacks modern humans, human can use anti-tank missiles against them. Humans can also tell other humans that they saw T-Rex. They can take an image of that thing and send it to the net. And that gives everybody possible to prepare for T-Rex attacks. T-Rex might seem horrifying but the fact is that dinosaur is not very clever. 

It doesn't probably even know how to attack the concrete house. And that thing can cause terrible damage to the teeth of the T-Rex. Even if that lizard had 5000 kilograms of force in its jaws the steel-concreate can stop that attack. So does T-Rex learn and go away or does it continue its attacks until the last tooth is gone? 

Intelligence means flexibility. In the case of dinosaurs, the dinosaur can elude trees while it runs. And always when the dinosaur is running. And something comes in front of it. It decides whether should it eat that thing. Or elude the thing it sees. Those things are programmed in its nervous system. 

But did dinosaurs learn new things? Did individual dinosaurs learn to avoid certain drinking places, because some T-Rex used them? Or did that smaller dinosaur go to that source again and again? And then the drinking ends when that dinosaur escaped the T-Rex? Or did that T-Rex come to the source a little bit earlier? And then it took lunch at the same time as it drinks water. 

Human intelligence is flexible. We can make things like clothes and fire and use many things. So in the case of intelligence flexibility means the ability to put something in memory, and then connect those memories with similar cases. When human sees snow human knows to put warm clothes on. And that means certain behaviors escalate to other similar cases. 

The question is did the thing that dinosaurs couldn't learn new things seal their fate after the meteor impact? If dinosaurs didn't know how to search for food under the snow that started to rain after the meteor impact formed large cloud areas in the atmosphere causing nuclear winter. That would end their life. 

When dinosaurs who were left alive from the great tsunami faced a suddenly changing environment they faced the problem of how to get food. In normal cases, some dinosaurs lived in cold areas. But there was always time to prepare cold. Nature prepared those animals for the next season. And when everything suddenly changed nothing prepared dinosaurs for that thing. 

The machines like chess programs can play chess better than humans. The fact is that AI always plays chess more effectively than humans. But then we must realize that chess computers can only play chess. Those computers make nothing else.

They just play chess. And that's it. Maybe humans would play chess the same way very effectively if they just don't make anything else than play chess. Those kinds of things are called RISC systems. They are like pocket calculators. Pocket calculators are fast and effective systems. If you want to make drawings pocket calculators are effective anymore. You need a more flexible system. 

Computers are a little bit slower to use. But computers are more flexible systems. If we want to connect more uses and abilities for some system that makes it slower than a one-mission computer. But those computers are a little bit slower to use for base calculations than one-mission pocket calculators. The cloud-based solutions are making computers more flexible than ever before. 

https://fromplatoscavetoreality.blogspot.com/

Wednesday, October 26, 2022

Insect swarms can electrify air the same way as thunderstorms.



The reason. Why electricity in flashes of lightning is so powerful is that the thundercloud loads electricity into them until electricity travels to the ground. There is the possibility that insect swarms would get the same electric load as thunderclouds. If insects are flying at high altitudes and radio impulses are hitting them. That can raise the electric load on their body to a high level. 

When small insects flap their wings. They can form static electricity in their tiny hair. The insect's hair acts like all other hair. And when it moves, it forms static electricity. Even if the voltage of one insect is not very high,  billions of insects can form quite a high-power electric phenomenon. 

There is also possible that static electricity forms the ion channel in the air which conducts lightning to a certain point. Even a weak ion channel makes the point where electricity can travel easier than elsewhere. And that thing can cause problems with communication systems. 

Insects are searching warm places. And the electric field can disturb high-speed data communication. Also, there is the possibility that insects can aim lightning at that communication equipment. 

Also, insects themselves can load with electricity. When insect swarm flies in the electromagnetic field like radio waves that radiowaves load electricity onto their bodies. When radio waves are loading electricity onto the insect's bodies they face a similar effect as starlings when they are sitting on electric wires. 

They will not get an electric shock because they are not touching the ground. When starlings touch the ground. Electricity travels away from it. 

The electric load continues to grow until it would hit to ground. But the insect itself will not feel anything. But when that insect sits on something. Electricity travels out from it. And if that thing is some kind of electric device that electric shock can disturb or even destroy the system. 



https://www.sciencealert.com/insect-swarms-can-electrify-the-air-as-much-as-a-thunderstorm

Sunday, September 25, 2022

Fireflies can be the particles of the next-generation cyborg bug swarms.



Cyborg bugs or microchip-controlled bugs are a reality. Those things are normal insects that operate under the control of microchips. The cyborg insects are the next-generation tool for many things. The problem with mechanical drones is that their operational time is so short. 

But the living bug can eat nutrients, and their neurons can interact with nano-technical microchips. Microchip-controlled bugs like cyborg fireflies can make a swarm. That is very flexible and hard to destroy. The interaction between neurons of those bugs and microchips is making it possible to benefit those fireflies' light organs in the communication of those cyborg insects. 

The microchip will interact with the neurons of those insects, and it can be connected with the relay systems which can be helicopters, drones, or even satellites. If those microchips can control the flashes of the insects' light organs they can use optical communication at a longer distance. 

The system can decode the electric impulses of those fireflies. Or the microchip can equip with nano-size optical instruments that see those flashes. The problem with nano-drones is the communication with the controller. The reason for that is that nano-size microchips cannot create powerful electric signals. 



The microchip-neuron compilation is a powerful tool for the half-organic microsystems. 


Living neurons can give electricity to nano-size microchips. Feeding those neurons is easier than creating low-power electricity that will not destroy those microchips. That technology makes it possible to create powerful computers that don't need very much power. 

The data can transfer to neurons through those microchips. And then the decoder can transfer that data to computer screens. In some models, the neurons are between two layers of those extremely small microchips. But if those microchips are implanted in insects. 

They can create an extremely flexible intelligent drone swarm. That cyborg bugs are offering highly mobile platforms for AI-controlled entireties. 

The nanotechnical microchips can take their electricity from the nervous system of the insects. That thing will make it possible to create low-power electricity. That is needed for those microscopical systems. Living neurons are making it possible to create needed low-voltage electricity that will not jump over the switch. 


Image 1: https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-unlock-secret-to-synchronization-from-flashing-fireflies-to-cheering-crowds/


Image 2: https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2012/01/darpa-hybrid-cyborg-insects.html

Monday, September 5, 2022

Japanese researchers created remote-controlled cyborg cockroaches.



Insects are good tools for researchers. And they can transform into cyborgs very easily. The insect must just equip with a microchip that sends electric impulses to the insect's neural system. That thing makes it possible to remote-control those bugs. If researchers can decode the neural signals of the insects. They can use the senses of insects as sensors. 

In the cases where researchers can decode the insect's EEG, that signal can send to computers. That makes it possible that researchers can see what insects are seeing on the computer's screens. That thing requires the development of neural link microchips that allow remote control of the insects and receive the feedback of their nervous system by using the Internet. 

The control signals for those insects can deliver by using drones. The system can use satellite-controlled drones as flying relay stations. Drones transmit information to neuro link-chips that are controlling insects. 

The researchers can easily use the natural behavior of the insects to search for things like hidden bodies. Bluebottles can equip with RFID systems. The drones can are following those insects. Drones can use satellite communication and that allows operators to control them from another side of Earth. 

 And they can find the place where they start to swarm. Also, wasps can grow on nutrients where is plastic explosives or narcotics. Then they will equip with RFID systems. Those insects are connecting those explosives with nutrients and their swarming can help to detect explosives or narcotics. In the future, cheaper GPS systems can also use for those markings. And that allows following those swarms by using satellites. 


Image and sources: 

https://scitechdaily.com/japanese-scientists-create-remote-controlled-cyborg-cockroaches/

Tuesday, August 23, 2022

Researchers found out how flies' brains respond to tastes.



"A new imaging technique called trans-Tango(activity), developed by researchers with the Brown's Carney Institute for Brain Science, reveals how specific neurons in brain circuits of fruit flies respond to stimuli such as sweet and bitter tastes. Credit: Gilad Barnea". (Phys.org/Using new technique, researchers make surprising discoveries about how flies' brains respond to tastes)

New miniature systems called "trans-Tango" open a view of the insects' brain activity. That system can observe the activity of individual neurons. That can revolutionize neurology. This kind of system can collect information on how the insects find their food.  And how they observe predators. Maybe quite soon, those systems can install in drones, controlled by artificial intelligence. So they can observe insects in their natural environment. That kind of information can use to create a new type of insect repellent. 

But the information on how the insect's brains work can give vital information. The researcher can use that information for the systems that are controlling nanotechnology. The insect's neurons can install in the nanorobots that can use to find and destroy cancer cells. The fact is that those nanomachines can also use to clean blood from poisons. 

The next generation tool for medical work can be the biorobots. Those robots are things like worms that can destroy tumors or eat plague from the blood vessels. Worms like Elegans worm can be a microchip implanted. And they can be controlled by radio systems like BlueTooth. In that case, the receiver uses nanotechnology. 

Those worms or their neural system can also create electricity for those extremely small electronic components. Those worms can also use to clean toxic chemicals from the blood vessels. And that thing makes them interesting in the point of view of medical work. 


https://phys.org/news/2022-08-technique-discoveries-flies-brains.html

Image 1:) https://phys.org/news/2022-08-technique-discoveries-flies-brains.html

Sunday, January 16, 2022

What if we can project the memories of another species to the computer screen?




"A conceptual drawing of the new molecular device. For experiments outside the human body (in vitro), the device would nest on the cell's membrane: A “reporter” molecule would detect the local electric field when activated by red light; an attached “modifier” molecule would alter that electric field when activated by blue light. Credit: Katya Kadyshevskaya, USC"   (Phys.Org/Researchers create a molecular device that can record and alter cells' bioelectric fields without creating damage)


Tardigrades might be the first interstellar travelers.


Tardigrades are extreme animals that can survive even from interstellar travel that might take centuries. Those tiny animals can go to hibernate where they can stop their metabolism. But the thing is that the tardigrades can also use to bring a date from the interstellar probe. The idea is that the tardigrades will be superpositioned and entangled.

That thing happens by cloning those small animals. And then another tardigrade of those tardigrade pairs would be in the chamber. Then another tardigrade can send to the exoplanet planet in the chamber. 


The chamber will send to another star by using a laser ray. And that makes it possible to entangle the tardigrades with their cloned pairs on Earth. 


Then those two tardigrades will be quantum entangled. And the data will send to Earth. The idea is that the EEG of the primitive nervous system of tardigrades can use to collect data from the surface of the strange planet. The thing is that if the interstellar probe has enough power. 

There is a possibility. To make quantum entanglement between the tardigrades from that probe to the laboratory on Earth. Using superpositioned tardigrades. The thing is that this kind of vision requires extremely high power energy. 

But the superpositioned and entangled tardigrades offer the possibility to collect data from the Earth. The small chamber where those animals will be. Can install in quadcopters or some other drones. Also, superpositioned tardigrades can offer interesting data transmission tools for satellites. And of course, the experiences that those experiments are giving can help to make the interstellar flight. 

The thing is that the superpositioned and entangled particles are the only known way to make the real-time communication channel between the craft and Earth. If the electromagnetic wormholes would not able to make. 

But even if that quantum teleportation would not work. There is another possibility to use those tardigrades. The tardigrades nervous system actions. Will send to Earth. And then, the electromagnetic curves of those signals will play to those laboratory tardigrades. That means the researchers can search the reactions of those organisms. Or maybe the researchers have created a way to decode the nervous signals or observations of the tardigrades to the computer screen. 


The miniature machine can act as the antenna that sends data to the detector. 


Maybe that day is sooner than we even think. There is created a molecular machine that can monitor the actions of the nervous system. And that thing can revolutionize neurology. But it can also make it possible to read the actions of the neurons of small animals like insects. The system will base the idea of the triangular molecule that is stressed with the EM-radiation. 

That radiation will increase the quantum- or EM field of that machine. The detector detects the interaction between the electromagnetic field of that nanomachine and the nervous system. The ability to read the memories of another species would give an interesting vision even without interstellar travel. 


The increasing knowledge of memory improves our way to observe the world. By "using eyes of another species". 


The knowledge of the memory is increasing all the time. We know that memory is not storing only one area in the brain. And the purpose of that thing is the damage in the brain. Cause the minimum damage to the memory where all units are stored in the most minimum data units. 

And the neurons can connect those memory centers. The new nanomachines can be put to cover the entire brain core and that thing can use to transmit the EEG to sensors. Maybe someday we can create a system that can decode the EEG and then transmit the memories of the animals and other humans to the screen of computers. 


https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/how-a-tardigrade-micro-animal-became-quantum-entangled-with-superconducting


https://human-memory.net/memory-the-brain/


https://www.livescience.com/tardigrade-quantum-entangled-experiment


https://www.livescience.com/60862-tardigrades-laser-ride-outer-space.html


https://phys.org/news/2022-01-molecular-device-cells-bioelectric-fields.html


https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

What was before the Big Bang (Part II)

 What was before the Big Bang. (Part II) "Our universe could be the mirror image of an antimatter universe extending backwards in time....