Showing posts with label neutron stars. Show all posts
Showing posts with label neutron stars. Show all posts

Sunday, January 1, 2023

What if a tornado-looking structure could explain the shape of gravitation?



What if the form of gravitation is a coil-spring-looking structure inside all particles? 


The difference between black holes' extremely strong gravitational field and quantum gravitation is the strength of those fields. Otherwise, those phenomena are the same. 

Probably there is a gravitational tornado inside the black hole. That gravitational tornado looks a little bit like a coil spring. There is a coil spring-looking superstring around the electromagnetic low-pressure. 

That coil-sping-looking gravitational wave transmits information to the poles of the black hole. There is lower pressure or a "colder" area in the middle of that tornado. And maybe there is a standing gravitational wave inside that gravitational structure. The most out-core of the gravitational tornado transmits information out from that powerful gravitational maser effect. 


If that structure exists. It could explain the form of gravitation. If gravitation is energy or a tornado that gravitational waves forming, that tornado could explain the gravitation. 


The gravitational or electromagnetic tornados could act like an antenna that pulls energy out from the center of the black holes and particles. Energy or wave movement acts like water. If something transfers it away the structure's outcoming wave movement will start to replace that energy. So if a gravitational tornado is a form of gravitation. That means outside wave movement pushes particles together. The difference between a black hole's extremely strong gravitational field and the quantum gravitation that surrounds protons and neutrons is the strength of that field. 

When we are thinking about the form of the black hole's gravitational field, that structure acts like all other wave movements. If some point of that gravitational field is stronger than others that stronger gravitational field pushes the weaker gravitational field away. And that means the gravitational tornado transmits information out of the black hole

When a neutron star is forming the massive gravitational field pulls quantum fields away from atoms. That gravitational field causes an effect where electrons are dropping through the neutron star. Or they are flying to space because of a massive shockwave. At that moment the only thing that remains in that star is neutrons. The reason why neutrons are forming those extremely dense stars is that they are polar particles. 

But also the outcoming material and wave movement pushes the neutrons in one structure. If there is some kind of gravitational tornado that thing pulls wave movement through the neutron star. That wave movement that travels through that structure will pull neutrons together. 

When protons are coming too close to each other electromagnetic forces push them away. Neutrons have north and south poles that tie them to one entirety. When neutron stars are forming, they start to spin, and the speed of that spin is extremely fast. And if some material hits to neutron star's core it turns to plasma and a magnetic field transports that material to the neutron star's poles. It forms a radiation pike known as a pulsar.

But then we want to think that the black holes are "only extreme versions of neutron stars. The spin of black holes is much higher than neutron stars. Their gravitational field is stronger. But there are also radiation pikes at the black hole's poles. 

So, does gravitation act like water? When black holes and neutron stars are spinning. There is forming structure in those objects, that structure is like a tornado or electromagnetic vacuum. This structure could explain the form of gravitation. Two down and one up quarks are forming neutrons. In the extremely high-speed neutron's internal structure is turning in one direction because of centripetal force. That structure is like a triangle and it transports electromagnetic wave movement inside the neutron star. 

Neutron stars and black holes are acting like some tops. In those extremely fast-spinning objects, electromagnetic fields act like water. They are starting to travel to the poles of those objects. And that thing forms those radiation pikes. But there is the possibility that the same effect can explain the model of gravitation. 


https://anewtonsapple.blogspot.com/

Wednesday, December 14, 2022

The jet from a colliding neutron star seems to travel seven times the speed of light.



The speed has seen when neutron stars collide. The impact energy can form the short-term warp bubble that allows the radiation to travel faster than it usually travels. 


Two other things are making it possible to make particles travel faster than the speed of light. 


A) Virtual crossing where high-speed particles are impacting each other. If the speed of both particles is 0,8 times the speed of light the impact speed is 1,6 times the speed of light. 


B) Rising the escaping velocity of the particle higher than the speed of light. So behind the black hole's event horizon, the speed of particles is higher than the speed of light.  The reason for that is that particles drop to the gravitational center at the same speed as escaping velocity. 


The fact is that crossing the speed of light is a paradox. That thing is quite easy to make in theory. The only thing that must do is to create an area where the light travels faster than light travels in the environment around it. 

Cherenkov's radiation or the blue light flash is a good example of how a particle can cross the speed of light. When a particle that travels with the speed of light impacting water. 

That thing causes a blue light shockwave. And the reason for that is simple: light travels in the air faster than it travels in water.  And when the particle's speed is slowing. It must release its kinetic energy as the blue light shockwave.  

Things like Cherenkov's radiation and Boötes void prove that the speed of light depends on the medium where the light travels. And there is an empty area in the universe there is no reflection or scattering effect that slows the speed of light. 

One reason that makes scattering effect slows the speed of photons is that scattering puts the photon travel a meandering trajectory. When a photon releases energy quantum every time it changes its direction. That thing makes it impossible to increase the photon's energy level.

There is a possibility, that regular high-energy radiation from the neutron star or magnetar can make the jet cross the speed of light. In that hypothetical situation. The intensive energy of the jet of the neutron star can wipe out other particles and quantum fields. And that thing makes the neutron star's beam travel at a higher speed than light. But the photon's speed is always on the top. So light travels faster in that high-energy beam that is outside it. 


So can spacecraft travel with the speed of light? 


The idea is the same with the warp bubble. There is the possibility that someday researchers can create a spacecraft where is a ball-shaped annihilation chamber inside it. The antimatter system detonates particle-antiparticle pairs in that chamber. The energy bubbles that are traveling outside the craft push material and electromagnetic fields like particles and quantum fields away from the craft. 

And that thing forms a small-size void around that thing. That allows light to travel faster than outside that bubble. That kind of system makes it possible to create a jet and an area where other particles increase at the same speed. 


https://www.livescience.com/can-anything-travel-faster-speed-of-light


https://www.newscientist.com/article/2342191-jet-from-neutron-stars-seems-to-travel-seven-times-the-speed-of-light/


Wednesday, November 30, 2022

Discoveries can explain why magnetars have so strong magnetic fields.




"The study of the sound speed has revealed that heavy neutron stars have a stiff mantle and a soft core, while light neutron stars have a soft mantle and a stiff core – much like different chocolate pralines. Credit: Peter Kiefer & Luciano Rezzolla" (ScitechDaily.com/Cosmic Chocolate Pralines: Physicists’ Surprising Discovery About Neutron Star Structure)

Even if neutron stars are rotating at extremely fast speeds. Sound travels in those extremely thick objects. Sound is an oscillation of atoms, subatomic particles, and molecules. And soundwaves are traveling in neutron stars almost like in all other particles. Except in neutron stars sound means the oscillation of the neutron's quantum fields. And that thing makes that thing very interesting. 

When the jet of another neutron star impacts with another neutron star it can put it to resonate. That resonance is possible especially if the neutron star's core is stiff. 

The light neutron stars have a soft mantle and stiff core. Heavy neutron stars have stiff mantles and soft cores. In the case of neutron stars, the "stiff" and "soft" are far harder than iron. The material of neutron stars is one of the strongest in the universe. Researchers are interested in that material because the 2D neutron network is called "neutron-" or "quantum graphene". 

Neutrons are polar particles that have north and south poles. And that thing makes it possible that neutrons can create a similar structure to graphene. 

The discoveries can explain why magnetar's magnetic field is so strong. Magnetar is a neutron star with a very powerful magnetic field. And the reason for that is the core of that neutron star orbits very fast. Magnetars are lightweight neutron stars. That allows their core can rotate faster than heavy neutron stars. 

That thing can explain what makes magnetars so special. The fast-rotating stiff core can like hover above the mantle. And the extremely fast rotating core is the reason why magnetar's magnetic field is so strong. There is a vision that magnetars can superposition with each other. In that case, the radiation from another magnetar synchronizes the resonation of their core. 

In some other theories, neutron stars can have two stiff cores over each other. That thing removes the friction between those cores. And the core of that theoretical model rotates over the quantum rolls. The neutrons of the lower core act like small rolls. That almost removes the friction from the structure. And that thing makes it possible that the speed of the core is near the speed of light. 

That kind of rotating core can simply push the photons away from it. Or the powerful magnetic or quantum field simply captures photons between electrons that are orbiting in that field. That kind of effect can turn this kind of neutron star almost invisible. 


https://scitechdaily.com/cosmic-chocolate-pralines-physicists-surprising-discovery-about-neutron-star-structure/


https://astronomyandtechnology.blogspot.com/

Friday, September 16, 2022

The mystery of lost pulsars.


"Radio detection of an elusive millisecond pulsar, PSR J1740-5340B (NGC 6397B), in the Globular Cluster NGC 6397 with the Parkes radio telescope in Australia. Credit: NAOC/ScienceApe" (ScitechDaily.com/Why Have Pulsars “Gone Missing” – A New Finding Offers Some Answers)

Pulsars are fast-rotating neutron stars. And that means many forces affect that thing. There is the possibility that the extremely fast rotating neutron stars will stretch from their poles. And the neutron star turns to look a little bit like a dumbbell. That change in the form of neutron stars is not quite big but researchers can measure that change. 

Pulsars can turn away from the Earth. And that means they can be "missing". The changes in material symmetry can cause the pulsar will get an extra dose of positive or negative particles. So in that case the asymmetry in electricity of particles that impact with neutron star can cause the pulsar changes its position. 

All pulsars are neutron stars. The neutron star is a supernova remnant and molecular nebula surrounds neutron stars at least at the beginning of their existence. The radiation of the pulsar forms when particles impact the neutron star. There is the possibility that a neutron star blows its molecular nebula away. And that turns it invisible. 

One reason why pulsar is missing can be it simply turned away from the Earth. Or some pulsars are hard to detect. Because their radiation is turning to Earth all the time. In that case, the radiation of the pulsar continues all the time. Normally pulsars are detected because there are pauses in their radiation. 

When we think about extremely short-period pulsars like millisecond pulsars there is the possibility that those pulsars are just wobbling. That means their poles are moving only a little and that thing causes that pulsar will point to Earth for only a short time. The pulsar's radiation comes mainly out from the poles of the neutron star. So in this text pulsar and neutron star are the same. 

Or maybe we should say that neutron star. That sends radiation is a pulsar. 

All neutron stars are not sending radiation. If a neutron star is in a cosmic bubble, no material impacts them. Radiation of the neutron star comes from high-energy particle impacts to its core. And that's why molecular nebulas are important for making pulsars visible. 


There is one thing that can explain why some pulsars are missing. 


Pulsar radiowaves are born when material falls to a neutron star. When that material impacts that massive object it releases energy as radio waves. When particles impact with a neutron star. They face an extremely strong magnetic field that drives those particles to the poles of the neutron star. The radiation leaves the neutron star in the form of two narrow beams. 

There is the possibility that a neutron star just blows particles away from it. If no gas and dust can impact it no radiation can form in those impacts. So if neutron stars are just making the bubble around them that thing can cause they will be lost. 

But in some scenarios neutron stars are putting the nebula around them to shine so bright that the radiowaves cannot travel across that cloud. When molecular nebula around neutron star gets radiation the particles will sooner or later start to send emission radiation. When the particles are sending radiation the energy level is higher than the radiation that comes from the neutron star that radiation will close the pulsar in it. 

The thing is that the molecular cloud or particles of the molecular cloud around the neutron star or pulsar can send radiation only when their energy level rises higher than the energy that comes from the pulsar. So that thing can turn the molecular cloud into the giant Faraday cage that keeps the radiation of the neutron star inside it. 

Image and other sources. 

https://scitechdaily.com/why-have-pulsars-gone-missing-a-new-finding-offers-some-answers/


Saturday, December 4, 2021

The existence of quantum spin liquids is now confirmed. And a new state of matter is found.

   

The existence of quantum spin liquids is now confirmed. And a new state of matter is found.



Could quantum spin or neutron liquid be found in neutron stars?


The idea of quantum spin liquids is from the 1970s or 1980s. Physicists predicted the existence of this material in the 1970s. And in the 1980s some people believed that there was a so-called neutron liquid in the neutron stars. 

That kind of liquid would be extremely hard pressured and very heavy neutrons. That material would be liquid, but the weight is even more than the surface of neutron stars. The reason for that is that the extremely high energy load of those neutrons. The inner neutrons are formed near the center of the exploded star. 

During a supernova explosion, the inner particles get more energy than the outer particles. And that is making them heavier than the neutrons of the surface. The idea is that the fast spin and higher energy level of those neutrons make them fall below the lower energetic neutrons that are on the surface of the neutron star. 

So there should be similar structures in neutron stars with normal stars. The highest energetic neutrons are the heaviest. And they are in the middle of the neutron star. 

But now the existence of quantum liquid is confirmed also on Earth. That thing could be the next big thing in quantum computing. The difference between normal liquid and quantum liquid is explained in the article of Phys.org. 

https://phys.org/news/2021-12-scientists-document-presence-quantum-liquids.html

https://scitechdaily.com/mysterious-new-state-of-matter-quantum-spin-liquids-could-enable-next-generation-quantum-computing/



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The next text is taken from the Phys Org. 


"In conventional magnets, electron spins point up or down in some regular pattern. In the everyday refrigerator magnet, for example, the spins all point toward the same direction. This happens because the spins usually work in a checker box pattern and can pair so that they can point in the same direction or alternating ones, keeping a certain order."

Quantum spin liquids display none of that magnetic order. This happens because, essentially, there is a third spin added, turning the checker box pattern into a triangular pattern. While a pair can always stabilize in one direction or another, in a triangle, the third spin will always be the odd electron out. This makes for a "frustrated" magnet where the electron spins can't stabilize in a single direction" (https://phys.org/news/2021-12-scientists-document-presence-quantum-liquids.html)

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Overlapping of electron cores is a common thing. But what if that happens in zero kelvin degrees?


The quantum liquid has caused the idea that there might be many other quantum materials than time crystals and quantum spin liquids. The quantum spin liquid can be the next step in quantum computing. The reason for that is that this thing can create structures that are looking like time crystals. 

The quantum spin liquid can form the long lines of quantum particles. And that thing would make it possible to transmit data in quantum computers. The quantum spin liquid would look like a little bit of amoeba or macrophage when the magnets are pulling it to the receiver. Then that liquid is acting like a giant time crystal. 

The quantum spin liquid is making an idea that there could be very bizarre materials in the quantum world. In normal material, the atoms are separated from each other. The electron cores of the atoms keep them away from each other. But in the quantum world where the energy level of atoms is very low. The material is in the form of Bose-Einstein condensate. So what if orbitals of atoms are overlapping in zero-kelvin degrees?

Overlapping of the orbitals of the atom is possible. That thing is seen in methane. But could the large mass of an atom's orbitals overlap with each other in large-scale structures? Or could the atom's orbitals overlap with each other in Bose-Einstein condensate? And what kind of molecules would form in zero-energetic conditions?

In that case, the electron cores are at a minimum energy level. And the trajectories of the electrons are at the most out position. That case is giving an idea of the material where electrons are orbiting between electron cores of another atom. When electrons are traveling overlapping between different atoms. That thing can create a new type of quantum material. 

Could somewhere be the situation that in the material that is in minimum energy level electrons can travel overlapping the electron cores of other atoms? That means the atoms are overlapping with each other in the extremely low energy level that is called Bose-Einstein condensate. But that kind of liquid is not probably noticed. 



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bose%E2%80%93Einstein_condensate


Overlapping of atom cores articles: 


http://www.organicmystery.com/MolecularStructure/OverlappingOfOrbitals.php


https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/79985/do-orbitals-overlap


https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/


Friday, October 1, 2021

Is gravitation the same way radiation or wave movement with radio and X- and gamma-rays? And could we position gravitation in the electromagnetic spectrum?



The question in gravitational waves: is gravitation wave movement? 

Two hypotheses might explain the gravitational waves. 

Hypothesis 1) Gravitation and gravitational waves are similar phenomena to light. That means the gravitation has the particle and wave movement forms like all other natural forces. 

So is gravitation electromagnetic radiation or wave movement like the X-and gamma rays and radio waves? And where we would position that wave movement in the electromagnetic spectrum? The problem with this model is that the gravitational waves are so weak. 

Is the wavelength of that radiation so different than others that we can observe only the part of it? And is gravitation the medium between dark and visible energy? That means that gravitation has a similar interaction with other forces. But gravitation requires so large a layer that it feels weak. 

Hypothesis 2) Gravitational waves are the energy load that is transmitting between atoms. When energy is impacting an atom its weight is increasing. And then that atom resends that energy to other atoms. 

 Is gravitation the same way radiation or wave movement with radio and X- and gamma-rays? And could we position gravitation in the electromagnetic spectrum?

The gravitational waves from the neutron star mergers are one of the most important things in the history of research on gravitational waves. Every single particle in the universe transmits gravitational waves. But we can observe only the most powerful of them. During the colliding, they are sending the energy wave through the universe in all frequencies. 

That energy wave is similar to the sound wave that is sent when the stone hits to rock. The flash in the collision of the neutron star is bright but during the collision. The energy is released also in the X-and gamma rays. And the most mysterious things released in those collisions are the gravitational waves. Sometimes I have thought that could the gravitation be the radiation that has its place somewhere in the electromagnetic spectrum? 

In that case, the gravitation is the radiation like gamma and X-rays. But where is the place of that radiation in the electromagnetic spectrum? This is the thing that could be the key to prove that all four natural forces are the forms of the same force. The thing is that gravitation is energy like strong and weak nuclear forces and electromagnetism.

When we are using the energy we are transforming other energy sources to electromagnetism that is used in our electric network. We are using weak nuclear force in the nuclear reactors. 

And the hydro plants transform gravitational energy into electromagnetism. We cannot use pure gravitational energy. But we can transform it to electromagnetism by using turbines and generators. 


https://scitechdaily.com/bayesian-inference-for-gravitational-waves-from-binary-neutron-star-mergers-in-3g-observatories/



()https://kimmoswritings.blogspot.com/

Saturday, September 25, 2021

Are we children of black holes and neutron stars?



In this text, I will think about the origin of the material. Not how the man got the intelligence. 

Are we children of black holes and neutron stars? The answer to the question depends on the timeline that we are handling. If we think that the history of the material starts in the particles that formed just after the Big Bang straight from the wave movement. 

We can say that subatomic particles that form the protons and neutrons are much older than atoms in our body. Electrons formed also after the Big Bang. And the electromagnetic forces along with microgravity they positioned to orbit protons and neutrons. 

This question is interesting. Every single atom in our body is formed in the nuclear reactions in the stars. Or the hydrogen atoms are formed in the quantum plasma just after the big bang. But are we children of the black holes and neutron stars? The heavier elements are formed in the extreme heat in the largest stars. 

And some of the most extraordinary elements are formed during supernova explosions. Only when the blue giant star is exploding. The energy level rises to the level that forming of the heaviest natural elements are forming. That will explain why the heaviest isotopes are so unusual things in the universe. 

The answer to the question are we children of explosive stars or maybe black holes are not simple. Supernovas, neutron stars, and black holes are creating giant waves around the universe. So those waves are causing a disturbance in the entirety. And that thing means that the material is starting to pile up at the point where the particles have more mass than in other places. 

But otherwise, the history of material is starting just after the Big Bang. And the forming of the material started a long time before the first proton or hydrogen atom formed. The quarks that formed protons and neutrons formed just after the Big Bang. And there were particles which origin was in the wave movement that came to the universe from the Big Bang. 



Image II: The standard model of elementary particles

So there was something that made the quarks forming the protons and neutrons. Sometimes one of the things that caused the piling up of the quarks is introduced Pauli's exclusion principle. Pauli's exclusion principle means that there are no two identical Fermions in the universe. Originally Pauli's exclusion principle went like this: The Pauli exclusion principle is the quantum mechanical principle which states that two or more identical fermions (particles with half-integer spin) cannot occupy the same quantum state within a quantum system simultaneously. 

And the universe can think of as the sum of all quantum systems. The size of the universe was smaller just after the Big Bang. So that means there is the possibility that Pauli's exclusion principle affects at least the entirety of that smaller universe. And there is the possibility that Pauli's exclusion principle shows off even today. The thing is that even if we cannot measure something that thing can be existing. 

Quarks are fermions. So there is no need for modification for that principle. And the thing that makes the difference between those particles is the energy level. Ao the more energetic fermion is heavier and that means it pulls another fermion together. Pauli's Exclusion Principle could be the key to born material. 


()https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion

()https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_physics

()https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauli_exclusion_principle

()https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model


The image I:()https://lsc.org/news-and-social/news/join-us-live-for-the-astronomy-of-2021-jan-7-at-5-pm


Image II:()https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model


()https://kimmoswritings.blogspot.com/


What was before the Big Bang (Part II)

 What was before the Big Bang. (Part II) "Our universe could be the mirror image of an antimatter universe extending backwards in time....