Artificial bacteria are the biggest hope and the biggest threat.

   Artificial bacteria are the biggest hope and the biggest threat. 

Artificial bacteria are not. Like natural bacteria.  

DNA and mRNA are tools that can rewrite a cell's genetic code. That means the cell changes its shape and then starts to make different things than the original cells. The ability to program cells is an opportunity. And threat. The ability to remove hereditary diseases from the human body. The problem is that the same technology allows researchers to make  more perfect lifeforms. Than natural organisms. Artificial life normally means bacteria. Created using genetic reprogramming. In that case, the DNA bits will be collected and connected into the new form. That allows researchers to create bacteria that create antibiotics and spider silk, which is the strongest material in nature. 

Bacteria can be reprogrammed to search and destroy cancer cells. And probably, genetically engineered cells can form tissues for the bioprinters. Reprogrammed bacteria can also make it possible to create a large mass of things like skin. In that case, bacteria are on the nutrient platform, and the system just changes the DNA in their nucleus. Theoretically is possible to create anaerobic bacteria. That releases oxygen into blood vessels. That kind of anaerobic, biological oxygen synthesis is one of the most fascinating things in biotechnology. 

The ability to create artificial bacteria allows researchers to create new types of biological weapons. The same thing. That allows bacteria to search and destroy cancer cells. Allows weaponized bacteria to find things. Like neural structures or the blood vessel wall. And then attack those vital tissues. That kind of bacteria is very dangerous. There is a possibility. The bacteria themselves copy the targeted person’s cell antigens into themselves. And another dangerous thing is that. Those bacteria can destroy themselves after a certain time. When we think about the perfect, artificial organisms, we must realize that those organisms can turn the “Alien” movie monsters into reality. 

There can be infectious bacteria that can create things. Like the HIV virus at the same time. That allows those bacteria to destroy the immune defense at the same time. Here, we must remember that artificial bacteria are made. Connecting DNA bits together.  It is not like natural bacteria. That means those bacteria can make things. That is not possible for natural bacteria. 

Researchers can create artificial organisms, and the same technology that makes bacteria resistant to poisons can turn them resistant to antibiotics. When we think about aliens, we might think of a very complicated lifeform. from outer space. The fact is that the term “alien” means something non-natural. Biolaboratory can create aliens that nothing can resist. Those aliens are not like humans; they are microscopic organisms. Those creatures can be a fast-increasing bacterial population. Those bacteria can look like hospital bacteria. 

The thing that protects us against immune-resistant super bacteria is their complicated form. Their population will not increase fast enough to it can cause problems outside the hospitals. Natural bacteria destroy those organisms very fast. The biggest threat is the super bacteria that can increase their population too fast. If antibiotics cannot destroy those bacteria. They can cause problems. 

https://futurism.com/scientists-synthetic-lifeform-syn57

Images: Futurism.com

Evolution can be faster than we even dare to think.

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"Samples taken from China's Tiangong space station contained a new, mysterious microbe that hasn't been seen on Earth, a recent paper published in the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology revealed."

"The microbe, named Niallia tiangongensis — it was named after the space station — is a never-before-seen strain of an earthborne bacteria specially adapted to off-planet life." 

(https://futurism.com/the-byte/bacteria-china-space-station)

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Researchers found previously unknown bacteria from a Chinese space station. That means. Those bacteria could be from outer space. But it's more probable that those organisms formed in that space station. That new organism formed in an isolated environment. 

That tells how fast evolution can be. That shows how bacteria can transform faster than we expected. This observation causes discussions about so-called mirror organisms. And other artificial lifeforms' safety orders. Those organisms can be catastrophes if they leak in nature. That's why there is programmed cell death in those cells. 

That should destroy those organisms. But there is the possibility that the DNA damage removes those sequences. And turns those bacteria into similar to human zombie cells. The term zombie cell means a cell that should finish its mission. And then destroy itself. Somehow. The self-destruction failed. That turns the cell into a zombie. Same way, that thing can happen to artificial cells. Those cells can also produce super-strong enzyme acids. That means the natural organism cannot win that organism. 

There are two types of evolution. A natural evolution. And artificial, or controlled evolution. It is also possible. That artificial organism faces unpredicted advances. Artificial organisms are used in medical factories and places. Where researchers work with complicated amino acids and enzymes. 

Those genetically engineered organisms are used to produce those extremely complicated molecules. The bad thing is that those genetically engineered cells are also exposed to evolution. Those cells degenerate, connect DNA from other cells, and face DNA damage just like natural cells.

Below is the article from Byte:  

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https://futurism.com/the-byte/bacteria-china-space-station

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"Just four DNA differences in one small region of the genome may help explain why humans have bigger, more complex brains than chimps. These tweaks drive neuron growth—but may also raise the risk of neurological disease. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, 4 Tiny DNA Tweaks That Supercharged the Human Brain)

Controlled evolution means that some abilities will be highlighted in the research. That involves the cells and organisms reprogramming. That kind of thing involves things. Like mirror organisms, superintelligent creatures, and many other things that we thought were SciFi tales. The ability to manipulate genomes creates new opportunities for R&D work in genetic engineering. 

The deep knowledge of genomes makes it possible to fix DNA damage. And remove hereditary diseases. Genetic therapy is as easy to give as a vaccine, or some other medical injection. The problem is how to make enough DNA. That it can reprogram enough cells so that the transformation turns stable. Success requires deep knowledge of the genetic code. The mistake can cause a very big catastrophe. 

The ability to control genomes also makes things like eternal life possible. Eternal life requires the system can change the mitochondria's DNA and replace the DNA from the cell's nucleus by using fresh DNA. That kind of thing requires large-scale technology that can switch DNA using ultimate accuracy. 

Nanotechnology, artificial intelligence, and global DNA mapping bring more information about our hereditary benefits. Researchers found four DNA bites that make our brains unique. And that kind of thing can make things like intelligent pets possible. Things like genetic engineering can help us to win things like cancer. Genetically boosted immune cells can locate cancer and zombie cells. And then destroy those cells immediately. The problem is how those immune cells find zombie cells. 

The genetic engineering happens out of the cell. They must make customized DNA. Using polymerase chain reaction, PCR. The PCR system multiplies DNA bites where the wanted DNA sequences are. Then the nanomechanical systems can cut those DNA into bites. And collect new DNA using those bites. After that, engineers must just remove the DNA from the nucleus. And then replace that DNA using the custom, or fixed DNA bites. This kind of ability makes it possible to create new organisms. 

https://futurism.com/the-byte/bacteria-china-space-station

https://www.sciencealert.com/unknown-species-of-bacteria-discovered-in-chinas-space-station

https://scitechdaily.com/4-tiny-dna-tweaks-that-supercharged-the-human-brain/

https://scitechdaily.com/our-dna-may-evolve-much-faster-than-previously-thought/

Can we someday replace the Haber process, (also called the Haber-Bosch process) as an ammonia source by using nano- and biotechnology?

Can we someday replace the Haber process, (also called the Haber-Bosch process) as an ammonia source by using nano- and biotechnology? 

Haber-Bosch synthesis is the prime method for making ammonia. Ammonia is the primary nitrogen source for plants. The problem with the Haber-Bosch process is that it requires lots of energy. Another problem is that ammonia is a poisonous gas. 

Biotechnology can maybe replace Haber-Bosch process.  There is a possibility that nitrogen-fixing bacteria can released to the ground before farms will sow corn. The other version is that the nitrogen-fixing bacterium (Diatzotoph) can connect to the plant's roots by using small nanotechnical robots. Those robots will transport the hollow "pearls" where those nitrogen-fixed bacteria live to the roots of those plants. 

The nitrogen-fixing bacterium can isolate nitrogen straight from the air. That means the pearls where those nitrogen-fixing bacterium live may connect to the plant's roots. Then small tubes will conduct nitrogen to those bacteria cultures that deliver nitrogen compounds to those plants. 

Ammonia molecule

"Schematic representation of the nitrogen cycle. Abiotic nitrogen fixation has been omitted". (Wikipedia/Nitrogen fixation)

Normally, those nitrogen-fixer bacteria live in clover's and pea's roots. It's possible to create cell cultures for those bacteria. And then those cell cultures can dig into the plantage. There is a possibility that those bacteria are put under the plants. And they deliver nitrogen compounds into the mold. 

The idea for that biotechnology is taken from the spacecraft's nutrient solution. People who travel between planets require plants for food. And things like fertilizers require space in those spacecraft. There is the possibility that nanotubes will transport nitrogen to the bacteria cultures that are like pearls. 

Those bacteria cultures can connect with those plant's roots and then the system drives nutrients and water to those plants. The bacteria isolates nitrogen from that gas and then the system delivers that thing to plants where those small cell cultures are connected. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diazotroph

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haber_process

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_fixation

Researchers solved how bacteria move. And, that thing makes it possible to create new types of nanomachines.

Things like meat-eating bacteria are the most horrifying organisms on Earth. But what if researchers can control those bacteria? What if they can drive those bacteria to the tumors and give them order to begin eating in that precise place? This thing can make it possible to remove tumors by using extreme accuracy. 

Researchers can make that thing true, by using microchips that control the DNA plasmid. Those microchips are turning the DNA plasmid's position that controls the bacteria's functions. 

Bacteria have long fibers that are made of a single protein. By moving those fibers like screws. The bacteria use them as propellers. And that thing makes them move. What makes that thing interesting? Researchers can copy the bacteria's movement to nano- and miniature machines. 

If we are thinking of a miniature submarine that size is the same as some medical capsules that kind of miniature device can swim in the cooling water system of a nuclear reactor or a chemical plant's wastewater. And those systems can make measurements of radioactive material or toxic chemicals. Those miniature submarines can use kevlar fibers for movements. 

But when we are thinking about the nano-submarines that can operate inside the human body, we can mean genetically engineered bacteria whose surface antigens are the same as the human where researchers put them to swim. 

The idea is that bacteria will connect the genome that is taken from the person under research.  And that genome turns the surface antigen of bacteria similar to a person's blood cells. That denies the immune system can attack those miniature submarines. Researchers must remove those bacteria's ability to create descendants. 

But nanotechnology makes it possible to encode the DNA plasmid of that bacteria. And if that DNA plasmid is microchip-controlled it allows driving that bacteria to the right position. Then the controller can order bacteria to create pepsins that can destroy tumors and other non-wanted cells.  

The bacteria can transform into miniature submarines or "bio-submarine" by putting the microchip in it. The microchip can control the DNA plasmids. The movements and other kinds of things of bacteria are controlled through that DNA plasmid. 

 And that makes it possible to remote control those bio-subs wirelessly by using a remote controller. The miniature microchips can have miniaturized cameras. In those cameras, the retina cells of the small bug will interact with nano-size microchips. The DNA that makes bacteria split is destroyed because that thing removes their ability to create descendants. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-solve-a-50-year-mystery-how-do-bacteria-move/

https://anewtonsapple.blogspot.com/

Could there be water on Mars?

The buried lake of Mars could just be layers of ice and rock. But maybe the astronauts can benefit from that ice. If that ice is water astronauts can use it simply by melting it. And if we are thinking about the Mars colony or Mars base, we must realize that it's safer for that colony that Mars has no living organisms. 

And then we must realize one thing. Water and life are not synonyms. Water doesn't automatically mean that there are alien lifeforms. And fossils of bacteria are not mean that there are some living creatures on that planet. And living bacteria don't mean that there are intelligent organisms. 

Well, the existence of water and liquid water are different things. There could be lots of water on Mars, but that water could be crystallized form in minerals like sulfates. It's possible to separate that water by warming those minerals. And sometimes pupils are making this kind of experiment in a chemistry course. But is there liquid water on Mars? That is a different thing. 

Today planet Mars is a very cold place. There is only weak volcanic activity. There is could be carbon dioxide ice under the surface. And if there is some kind of extra energy in those carbon dioxide ice pockets that can cause carbon dioxide vaporization. 

Also, giant dust storms are traveling across the desert. So there is a possibility that some kind of meteor impact or friction in sandstorms can rise the temperature in some places and form something liquid. But is that liquid thing some kind of carbon dioxide?  

Because of low pressure in the atmosphere, there is vaporized water in Mars' atmosphere. There is the possibility that there was some kind of life forms. But that doesn't mean the bacteria are living. There is the possibility that those bacteria are stoned or turned into fossils that involve things like methane gas. 

Methane gas found on Red Planet. There is suspicion that microscopic bacteria formed that. That doesn't mean that there are active bacteria on Mars. Even if bacteria formed that methane, it could be stored in the mineral pockets or the bacteria fossils millions of years ago. 

So maybe that methane is the remnant of the lost lifeforms. Maybe that methane was stored in bacteria millions of years ago. And those fossils kept that gas inside them until NASA's probes released that gas. 

In history, the planet Mars was a suitable place for the birth of life. But then its climate changed. That planet lost its entire lithosphere at least twice. And some asteroid impact changed its trajectory. The question is how far has life advanced on that planet? 

There is suspicion that there was some kind of bacteria on that planet before its climate changed. It's possible, that researchers can find remnants of those ancient bacteria. 

But if there are remnants of those bacteria only in a few places on the surface. That tells that some kind of meteorites brought those lifeforms to the Red Planet. When we see Mars in modern images we see the remnants of ancient rivers and seas. But where that water that created those ancient rivers was gone? 

Of course, the UV radiation from the sun can destroy water molecules. But there is no UV radiation in all places on Mars. Those ancient rivers formed after the last big catastrophe. That means Mars already lost lots of its mass and maybe its magnetic field turned weak. And there was still water in a short period after the last big impact. Was something vaporized in that water after the last big impact? 

Was some kind of radiation impact vaporized water? Was Mars hit by FRB (Fast Radio Burst) that raised the planet's temperature? Or could the UV radiation be so powerful that it broke all water molecules on that planet? 

The question is where has the water gone? And why that thing that vaporized water didn't destroy those ancient riverbeds? 

What raised the temperature on the entire planet without harming the geological structures of ancient rivers? If that thing was some kind of meteorite. Ancient riverbed geological structures should be destroyed during that impact. So, could there be some kind of meteorite rain? In that version, the small ice bites of carbon dioxide or methane ice impacted the atmosphere of the Red Planet. And that raised the temperature that vaporized water. 

https://scitechdaily.com/signs-of-water-on-mars-might-actually-be-an-indication-of-something-else/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars

Image: https://scitechdaily.com/signs-of-water-on-mars-might-actually-be-an-indication-of-something-else/

NASA's ingenuity helicopter made its 33rd mission on Red Planet.

"NASA’s Ingenuity Mars Helicopter acquired this image using its navigation camera. This camera is mounted in the helicopter’s fuselage and pointed directly downward to track the ground during flight. This image was acquired on November 6, 2021 (Sol 254 of the Perseverance rover mission) at the local mean solar time of 12:06:00. This was the date of Ingenuity’s 15th flight. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech"(ScitechDaily.com/NASA’s Ingenuity Helicopter Spots Foreign Object Debris on Mars)

NASA's Ingenuity helicopter made its 33rd mission to Red Planet's atmosphere. The interesting detail in this mission is one piece of foreign debris that is found on the surface. That debris is one of the most interesting things what that small helicopter has seen. 

But Ingenuity itself is an interesting system. A similar system that uses nuclear batteries can use to map the high atmosphere of gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn. And also Ingenuity can use to map the Venus and Titan moon. 

https://scitechdaily.com/nasas-ingenuity-helicopter-spots-foreign-object-debris-on-mars/

"Perseverance Workspace at ‘Skinner Ridge’: NASA’s Perseverance rover puts its robotic arm to work around a rocky outcrop called “Skinner Ridge” in Mars’ Jezero Crater. Composed of multiple images, this mosaic shows layered sedimentary rocks in the face of a cliff in the delta, as well as one of the locations where the rover abraded a circular patch to analyze a rock’s composition. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS"(ScitechDaily.com/Life on Mars? Latest Intriguing Organic Findings by NASA’s Perseverance Rover)

One of the most interesting questions is could the Ingenuity or Perseverance find life on Mars? 

The fact is that there is remaining organic material and structures that look like ancient bacteria. There are theories that Mars has changed its trajectory during history. Also, that planet faced even more violent geological upheavals than Earth. Mars lost its entire lithosphere. 

So there is a possibility. That on Mars-planet was some kind of primitive lifeforms like procaryotes that are similar to cyanobacteria on Earth. But that thing requires more research to confirm. 

If the positions where researchers find those bacteria are very rare. That tells they are coming from somewhere else than on Mars. But where lifeform can come from? One possibility is Earth.

 

There is the possibility that the bacteria traveled to Red Planet with probes that are not well-sterilized. But that thing means. There should be DNA (or RNA) molecules in the bacteria remnants. If bacteria is transferred to the Martian rock, that requires its living. If there is no DNA or RNA remnant, that means there should be some reason for that. 

Of course, the UV radiation of the Sun can explain why some bacteria are lost their DNA. But if the position where those fossils are found is mainly in shadow. That means the UV radiation will not reach those bacteria. 

The requirement that the UV radiation destroys the DNA or RNA is that the radiation can touch that molecule. If that molecule is in shadow that denies the possibility that the UV can destroy it. 

One interesting place where researchers can search for life or remnant of lifeform is the asteroid or dwarf planet Ceres. There is some kind of cryovolcanic activity on that asteroid. 

If there are similar bacteria or bacteria remnants that are found on Mars, that thing causes a re-estimation of the place where the first organisms came to Earth. But the first thing is that researchers must make sure that the fossils are bacteria remnants. Without DNA or RNA bites that thing is almost impossible. 

https://spaceref.com/science-and-exploration/ahuna-mons-on-ceres-a-new-and-unusual-type-of-volcanic-activity/

https://scitechdaily.com/life-on-mars-latest-intriguing-organic-findings-by-nasas-perseverance-rover/

New nanocoating destroys bacteria very fast.

"The coating only needed one hour to kill 99.7% of a common pathogen called Staphylococcus aureus." (ScitechDaily.com/99.7% in Only One Hour – New Nanocoating Kills More Bacteria Faster)

The problem with bacteria is that they are turning resistant to antibiotics. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria cause epidemics in hospitals. So researchers must create other methods to use against those things. 

When bacteria are covered by using a nano-size "rivet jacket", it turns to terminate other bacteria. The effect of this "rivet jacket" is simply to make holes in other bacteria membranes. 

The term "nanocoating" means that the bacteria or part of it is covered by using a "plastic bag" or nanotechnical spikes. This thing denies the bacteria's ability to get nutrients. 

That new nanocoating destroys 99% of bacteria in less than an hour. The problem with nano-coating has been that there are lots of bacteria that the layer must cover. So the nanospikes are more effective tools for that thing. 

But there is another way to think. The medicine can cover bacteria by using nanospikes. In that version, the nano spikes will not kill the bacteria that carry them. When another bacteria comes near that bacteria which is covered by using that rivet jacket will destroy other bacteria. The idea is that those spikes that bacteria carry destroy other bacteria by making holes in its membrane. 

There are also plans to use things like genetically engineered bacteria to destroy other bacteria. The idea is that when bacteria are changing genomes the genetically engineered bacteria will split the genome that causes programmed cell death to targeted bacteria. 

And in some other versions, the bacteria can have the genome that makes cancer cells able to steal mitochondria from immune cells. In that model, the bacteria will steal mitochondria from another bacteria that comes to change genomes with that. This kind of thing can use to fight against bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. 

Image and sources:

https://scitechdaily.com/99-7-in-only-one-hour-new-nanocoating-kills-more-bacteria-faster/

Single cells are more intelligent than researchers expected.

"To divide or not? Individual cells make their decisions much more autonomously than previously thought". (ScitechDaily.com/Single Cells Are More Intelligent Than Scientists Previously Thought)

DNA can be the ultimate medicine of the future. Theoretically, the researchers can create DNA bites that are ordering bacteria to leave the body. Or they can create the DNA bites that are ordering cancer cells to die. 

The idea that bases the new research that is telling that single cells are more intelligent than scientists previously thought. The research is published in ScitechDaily.com. There is a link to that article below this text. 

Bacteria have chemical brains in their DNA plasmids. The mission of those plasmids is to control the everyday actions of bacteria. But now researchers of the University of Zurich are seen that also other cells have an intelligent control system that is based on the DNA molecule or some yet unknown chemicals. 

The researchers say that the cells are making decisions by using both, outside and inside factors. And another thing is that cells are more intelligent so they can make more complicated decisions than scientists predicted. Those decisions are, of course, when cells need to divide. 

But there is the possibility that this ability to make choices by using internal factors explains why some medicals are not effective against cancer. Or how bacteria turn resistant to antibiotics. In that model, cells are learning to avoid some chemicals like antibiotics. 

So, we can make the hypothesis that bacteria and other cells are exchanging more complicated information than we even thought. In that hypothesis, the bacteria tell another individual what it just ate. And if the chemical signals of that bacteria are gone other bacteria know that some chemicals must not eat. 

The idea of learning cells is not new. We know that the immune defense is learning the dangerous antigens. The vaccines have based on the idea that the immune system learns to detect dangerous viruses. And then the immune system starts to attack viruses earlier than without a vaccine. 

But we know that bacteria and immune cells can exchange genetic material. Some bacteria or large immune cells have many nuclei. And those cells can transfer one of those nuclei to the other cells. When bacteria or other cells are changing genomes. They are discussing or changing information. The fact is that we don't know how complicated information those cells can exchange. 

Things like phobias are genetically heritable. We know that everybody is afraid of things like snakes and spiders. That thing is stored in the DNA of the people. But now we know that some other things are also written in that chemical memory. The information of learning cells helps researchers to find new ways to create new ways to give therapy for cancer or bacteria infections. 

And in the wildest dreams or imaginations in the future researchers just tell cells that they must stop dividing. Or they just tell harmful bacteria that they must leave patients alone. In that vision during the infection, the medical staff just creates the DNA bites that are ordering certain bacteria to leave the body. Or the DNA bites are just telling that cancer cells must die. But those things are part of the future. 

https://scitechdaily.com/single-cells-are-more-intelligent-than-scientists-previously-thought/

Image: https://scitechdaily.com/single-cells-are-more-intelligent-than-scientists-previously-thought/

What do bacteria sound like? (Bacterial drum can use for making complicated nanomachines)

A graphene drum can use to make the bacterial soundtrack. That thing might not seem anything else than some kind of nerd thing. That they can publish on YouTube.

But the graphene drum can use to make the real things. Sound waves are the pressure impulses that can move objects. The graphene drums and bacteria can use to transfer parts for the nanomachines. The problem with nanomachines is to create a system that can hold their parts long enough that they can take their part in the entirety. 

The bacteria that are in that graphene drum can equip with magnetic crystals. And the magnetic field can use to turn that bacteria in the wanted direction. Many of the nanomachines are operating in liquid. So the bacteria and graphene drum can use for making the complicated structures on a molecular scale. 

The magnetic systems allow moving nanomachines where is iron. But with non-magnetic molecules must be found some other method to move them. And one of those methods is the sound waves. That system is suitable if the nanomachine will be made to operate in the liquid. 

The problem with complicated nanomachines is that their parts are a little bit too heavy for optical tweezers or crossing laser rays. The pressure tweezers are too heavy tools. When the small- molecular-size complicated structures must position in the right place. The graphene drums can use as movers and acoustic tweezers.

Putting four graphene drums in the right position makes it possible to put sound waves crossing at the right point. Then that allows anchoring of the molecule at the right point. The problem with the nanomachines and especially in the protein-based nanomachines is that. Their shape means lots of their actions. The system that moves those proteins must keep them in the perfect shape. 

Sources:

https://scitechdaily.com/what-do-bacteria-sound-like-bacterial-soundtracks-revealed-by-nanotechnology/

The organic molecules in the Martian meteorite were not from aliens.

Image 1: "The Allan Hills 84001 meteorite courtesy of NASA/JSC/Stanford University. Credit: Courtesy of NASA/JSC/Stanford University" (ScitechDaily/The Search for Life on Mars: Organic Molecules in Martian Meteorite Not From Aliens.)

The organic molecules in the Martian meteorite were not from aliens. The fact is that proving the lifeform or fossil as extraterrestrial is not a very easy thing.  When we try to prove the origin of molecules or fossils there should be an environment where those samples would stay untouchable. 

The deep ice in polar ice caps might seem very promising. But in that environment, those samples are very easily polluted. When meteorite comes through the atmosphere it will heat. 

And when it touches the ice cap that temperature melts the ice. That thermal effect will activate bacteria and primitive algae in that ice. And some of those tiny organisms are searching for temperature. So the meteorite that comes from Mars is polluted by domestic organisms. And even if some procaryotes. 

Image 2) Planet Mars in natural color. (Wikipedia/Mars)

Which are the most primitive organisms on Earth traveled to the Earth from Mars they are hard to separate from domestic eucaryotes like cyanobacteria. For confirming the origin of the bacteria fossils the samples must be taken to Earth or some moon laboratory straight from Mars. That thing is necessary for keeping samples sterile. 

If there are some prokaryotic bacteria on Mars. That means those bacteria would be extremely small fossils. And the remaining metabolism of those hypothetical bacteria or their microscopic fossils uncovers their origin. The idea is that the metabolism forms chemicals that remain in those fossils or holes that were remaining of those hypothetical ancient bacteria. 

The theory of life on Mars goes like this. There was a short period in the history of that planet. When lifeforms could form. Those lifeforms would look similar to the cyanobacteria on Earth. But then meteorites or cosmic impact caused the planet Mars to lose its core and atmosphere. 

There is the possibility that those tiny lifeforms would remain active when the temperature of the surface decreased. But then the UV radiation whipped them out. This thing is the most common theory of the lifeforms of Mars. If those ancient lifeforms would somehow flow to Earth riding with some meteorite and remain active they are hard to separate from the domestic bacteria. 

There are needed DNA tests. When the DNA tests are made there must be confirmed Martian bacteria DNA or RNA for those tests. And UV radiation could destroy the entire genomes of those hypothetical bacteria. 

And there is the possibility that the remainings of the hypothetical Martian-origin bacteria. Like their genomes are destroyed by UV radiation. Of course, is the possibility that the impact that wiped out those organisms was not the last one. So if some bacteria came from Mars that bacteria could be a fossil. Or they could be vaporized while the meteorite flew to the sky by some cosmic impact. 

When the meteorite left Mars that thing was the drop of the melted material. And while the travel from Mars to Earth. It was under the influence of cosmic radiation. Also, the flow of the particles that came from the Sun terminated the organic material. That means that the alien bacteria could not even exist anymore in that meteorite even if there were the lifeforms on the red planet far away in history. 

https://scitechdaily.com/the-search-for-life-on-mars-organic-molecules-in-martian-meteorite-not-from-aliens/

Image 3) The advancing of the Image of Cydonian face. Images from the left: two first images. A and B  are from Viking.  Image C is The 2001 FaceA second "full-faced" image of the "Face" NASA/JPL MOC E03-00824. Note: the distinct "Feline" features on the right side. The erosion has destroyed the form of the face. And there is the small crater. So somebody might say, that could something whip that thing away in purpose. (Images by NASA)

Image 4)  The "Cydonian pyramids". : Pinterest

The alien story begins from here. The data is not confirmed. 

In some hypotheses, the (alien) civilizations would go interstellar travel only when they must do that thing. So if the hypothetical civilization would leave from the stars like Van Maanen 2. That thing means that those creatures would go on a one-way trip. 

When we are thinking about the colonization of the Milky Way we must understand one thing. That thing is not possible quite soon. If that project will someday start. The creatures who go on those journeys will never return. They would go on a one-way trip which takes even millenniums. 

Those creatures would travel in the form of genetic material. And during that journey, artificial intelligence would control the craft. When that craft will reach its target. The genetic material would transfer to cells. So those cells would be infected by the virus that transforms them into aliens. 

And things like the "face" of Mars (Image 2) and "Cydonian city" (Image 3) are bringing imaginational visions in the mid of people. There introduced a theory or hypothesis. That alien from some other solar system is behind those structures. And they would be created by some kind of robot. 

The theory is that the faces that might be lost are created by machines that are copying structures. Even if that thing would be true the alien would not necessarily use those structures. 

In some other vision, those structures came to NASA flight control accidentally. When some spy satellite used the frequency that the Viking probes used. The idea of the base where the Mars astronauts will use is taken from that theory. The idea is that the robots are making the base ready for astronauts before they will land on the red planet. 

https://scitechdaily.com/the-search-for-life-on-mars-organic-molecules-in-martian-meteorite-not-from-aliens/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_Maanen_2

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

The vulture bees have extra teeth in their jaws and poisonous guts.

   

 The vulture bees have extra teeth in their jaws and poisonous guts.

The vulture bees are living mainly in South America. Those bees are eating rotten meat and then make honey of that thing. That is the reason why those bees are called "vulture bees".

Most vulture bees are harmless, but there is one thing that there is something hidden in jungles that is not so harmless. The thing that makes scientists believe that there might be some kind of dangerous species is that some of those bees are bitten people causing painful sores. 

Also, there is the possibility that some vulture bees can have botulinum bacteria in their teeth after they are eaten rotten meat. Or something like that as the food that thing can cause that the botulinum bacteria is transferring in the human body causing poisoning. There is no evidence about the vulture bees that are hunting other animals. But as we know there are things like migratory ants (also: Army ants and Bivouac ants) that can make even humans disappear in minutes. 

In normal cases, we think ants are harmless but migratory ants are the exception. And the migratory ants are suspected to be behind some missing person cases. There are also species in the world of bugs that are hunting only at night. So even if we don't have met the vulture bees that are hunting other animals. 

We must say that in jungles and nature is many dangerous things. Things like climate chancing are also affecting species and there is the possibility that if the species will not get enough food its behavior changes. 

And when we are thinking about other necrophages. We are facing the behavior where those animals are eating mainly carcasses. But if there is not enough food they are turning predators. Also, when the species are coming to the new environment they can eat something that turns them deadly. 

One of the examples is the killer bees. Killer bees are normal bees that were brought from Africa to America.  Normally, bees are quite harmless. But when they are eating the nectar of one flower they are turning into killers. Probably that nectar makes them believe that all of them are queens. So there is the possibility that the same thing happens when some South-American species are moving to Europe as container passengers. There is a couple of "nice animal videos" of vulture bees when they are destroying carcasses. 

https://scitechdaily.com/meat-eating-vulture-bees-sport-acidic-guts-and-an-extra-tooth-for-biting-flesh/amp/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bivouac_(ants)

Image:https://scitechdaily.com/meat-eating-vulture-bees-sport-acidic-guts-and-an-extra-tooth-for-biting-flesh/amp/

https://writingsaboutmysteries.blogspot.com/

COVID 19 and the visions of tomorrow

COVID Delta plus variants are the things that are causing suspicion that the "delta plus" variants do not even have the same origin as the original COVID-19. There are thousands of other viruses which are looking like same as the original COVID-19. But the surface antigens of those viruses might be different. The problem with coronavirus is that it has two layers.

And the changes in the genomes of those viruses. Can cause the changes of antigens only in the inner layer. That makes detection of the changes of the genomes of the virus very difficult. The thing is that HIV is the coronavirus that is causing the horrible visions that the coronavirus can make combination there inside the regular virus is the HIV. And that thing causes a threat for the entire civilization. 

When traveling become more common that causes the new type of epidemics. The aircraft is a guarantee that viruses and epidemics are spreading faster than ever before. Quarantine orders are from the era of great sails. And that means they became old. And the destiny is in the more and more exotic countries, that thing brings a new type of viruses and bacteria also in the western society. 

The only effective thing for fighting against viruses is the vaccine. But people must take vaccines before infection. If the person is already infected the vaccine has no effect. So there is one thing that might give the change to create a vaccine against things like HIV infection. 

Some bacteria are resistant to most phage viruses. There is the possibility that the genomes of those bacteria can connect with the human genomes. There is an idea that when the human is the fetus person's stem cells are stored for the need in the liquid nitrogen. 

And if those cells can be used for stem cell therapy that guarantees that every person has stored stem cells fit that person. The stem cells can also be cloned by using the cloned DNA. The DNA will pull out from stem cells multiplied by using the PCR method. And then the DNA is injected into the other cells whose own genome is removed. 

The viruses that are infecting macrophages and other immune cells are the changed bacteriophages. The bacteriophages are the viruses that are infecting bacteria in nature. There are bacteria in nature what has resistance against a large number of bacteriophages. 

By researching this bacteria the virologists can find the answer to the HIV problem. The immune system of that bacteria can transfer to the stem cells that are creating the immune cells in human blood. So that kind of genome therapy might make us immune to HIV viruses. The idea that the genome of that bacteria is connected to the human cells might be the solution for HIV.

https://scitechdaily.com/bacteria-evolved-a-multitude-of-defense-systems-that-offer-strong-immunity-for-protection-against-viruses/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction

https://visionsoftheaiandfuture.blogspot.com/

Could active carbon bring the solution to climate changing?

https://gamesandtehories.blogspot.com/

Kimmo Huosionmaa

Some ideas seem like they are made by maniacs, but one idea came in my mind, and that idea is stopping the climate changing, by covering large areas of the surface of the Earth with carbon plates, where are tubes under them. That allows that the gas or in this case air would go through the carbon layer, and that would separate carbon from the oxygen, and that would remove the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

That carbon-filter system is made actually for the colonization of the planet Venus. In some theoretical plans large areas of the surface of planet Venus would be covered by casks, what are covered with canvas, where is a carbon layer. This carbon cleaner would help the micro-organisms work when they are cleaning the hostile atmosphere of that planet.

 In that hypothetical plan the carbon would get from the vegetables, what are grown in the Venus, for this cleaning operation, and if those vegetables are burned, the carbon could salvage, and then used for covering layer of asbestos canvas, what would be used for filters, what would increase the speed of removing the carbon from the atmosphere of that planet.  Those organisms can plant in the airships, what are created for HAVOC-program, what is a plan for creating the cloud city over the clouds of Venus.

Those organisms, what would be used in this operation, if it someday would be done will be single cell algae and the archaebacterium, what is found near the volcanic holes on Earth. And of course, if the carbon bites would be loaded with electricity, the iron atoms would be connected with them, and the magnetic field would move them into the atmosphere of Venus. if this works in Venus, would this kind of operation be made in the Earth, and it could be removed the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

Sometimes there have been ideas, that the massive cloud of the small size carbon dust would be released to the atmosphere, and if those dust bites would equip with the iron atom, would their position control by using magnet-field. This makes that carbon cloud works like a giant broom. This system could be used for cleaning the atmosphere. And of course, electromagnetic radiation or sound, what causes resonance in the carbon dioxide or monoxide molecules could break the connection with oxygen and carbon atom. This can also help to remove carbon from the atmosphere of Venus, and that electromagnetic radiation can be given from Earth by using powerful lasers or radio telescopes. The same system can be used for cleaning the atmosphere of the earth.

Dangers of the antibiotics resistant bacteria

https://gamesandtehories.blogspot.com/

Kimmo Huosionmaa

Anthrax is very easy to detect as the biological weapon. That kind of stuff can be delivered by using letters. and sometimes I have thought that could somebody send that kind of letter to the targeted persons, and be clever enough to avoid the authorities? The only needed thing for that is that the person has got the vaccine against that bacteria. The production of vaccine would happen by killing the bacteria by using UV-lamps, and the core antigen of that bacteria would make the immune system to detect and fight against those organisms.

The problem with this method, where the bacteria or viruses DNA would be destroyed is that this method can be used to make new kind of biological weapons by using natural organisms, what is the breed for resisting the antibiotics. This methodology would allow creating more deadly and unseen biological weapons by using bacteria, what are classified as the harmless because the antibiotics have been effective against them. In nature, this kind of population of Tuberculosis is forming in Africa, because people would not eat their antibiotics as they are meant. And because the period of using medicine would finish too early, would that leave the strongest bacteria alive. And that makes the population of bacteria, what is resistant to antibiotics.  Bacteria is more suitable for biological weapons than viruses because controlling those organisms is easier than controlling viruses.

Stealth biological weapons are harder to detect. They are bacteria like Tuberculosis, what are only made strengthen by using UV-radiation or antibiotics for creating the population, what is immune for antibiotics. In that operation would weak individuals of the population killed by giving them medicines or radiation, and that kind of organism would be absolutely lethal, and also it's hard to discover as the biological weapon.

Making super dangerous bacteria is happening to give the population UV-radiation. That radiation would kill the bacteria, what are genetically weak, After that the strong bacteria is left in population. And this makes those organisms very lethal. By using this method, could somebody make strikes, what is very hard to notice as the biological weapon, In this case, even the Streptococcus would be turned as the perfect biological weapon, what is very hard to separate as the weapons. Use of natural organisms is a dangerous method, because the strikes, what are made with bioweapons can be hidden from the public audience.

The strange thing about some letters, what sends in those cases, is that the used organism was Anthrax, what is profiled as a biological weapon. This makes some of those strikes very interesting because if somebody wants to kill some other person, there would be more suitable weapons for that thing, and those weapons are harder to track. Botulinum and Phosgene are easier to get, and the making of those chemicals is easier than handling Anthrax. Only thing, what the producer need to get is grass or meat with earth, and the drum, what can be closed airtight. And in anaerobic conditions, the organisms would make those chemicals, if the murdered man wants to use poison,

But protection against those chemicals is harder than protection against Anthrax. If the handler would have vaccine or antibiotics would that organism not to infect that person. But the key element is, if that person, who wants to make murder does have Vaccine, and the right conditions for making that weapon, would the Anthrax very effective way to give the signal, that nobody is safe.

Why penicillin is losing its power?

https://gamesandtehories.blogspot.com/

Kimmo Huosionmaa

Penicillin was one of the first so-called wonder medical, what was easy to produce and that mushroom poison has saved billions of lives. But the fact is that this medicine has been lost its power. The penicillin is used without control and the problem with this kind of usage is that the bacteria, what have weak genomes would be destroyed. And the bacteria with strong genomes are surviving from this medicine.

The doses and numbers of the penicillin pills have calculated that way, the dose of the medicine is effective against bacteria, and when the period is over, the bacteria would be lost. In this case, the patient must eat all pills, but if this person would not do that, it will begin the eugenics process in that bacteria population. That means the penicillin destroys weak bacteria, and that would make those bacteria stronger than ever before.


This method where bacteria would expose by medicine or ultra-violet light is used to make artificial bacteria population for biological warfare. In the movies, we see that biological weapons are mainly the viruses like Ebola, but in the real life the laboratories, what investigates biological warfare are interested in natural bacteria like tuberculosis because every state in the world has signed the treatment to deny the biological weapons. But those weapons are very attractive in the world of the military.


The producer of the strong bacteria doesn't need complicated laboratories. Only thing, what that person needs is the raising platform where is the bacteria culture and ultra-violet light. By using that equipment can this person create extreme lethal and invisible biological weapons. So this makes this thing so frightening. The actors might not be governmental, and the purpose of the biological weapon could sweep some area clean from people, that some company can begin to dig the diamonds from those areas.


And when we are thinking about the "blood diamonds" of Congo, we might ask, are those diggings happen without the knowledge of the mining companies, or how those diamonds what are using for buying guns for the guerrillas enter the marketing, and how they can sell it to buyers? That kind of people would like that there is no evidence about their actions in the jungles because that would be bad for business. In those officially illegal mining would be many people, who are working as slaves for getting the weapons for the gunmen, who are controlling the diamonds. And if they would inject the bacteria to the workers, they could kill them imperceptibly by using bacteria like cholera or diphtheria, what is easy to claim natural epidemics.  And in that case, the workers must not get their payments, what those guerrillas have promised for them.


The natural organisms are easy to weaponize by making them stronger than before. In those cases, the tolerance capacity of bacteria would be increased by breeding them by using antibiotics or ultra-violet radiation. After that, the super-bacteria would be delivered to the area, and that would seem like normal epidemics, what would be caused by resistant tuberculosis. And here I must ask, is there something, what somebody doesn't want to tell the people about the antibiotics resistant bacteria like tuberculosis, because those things are not often handle in public media?

Fictional swimming trip to the exoplanets oceans

Artist's impression of Kepler 22b

http://kimmontaidearvioita.blogspot.com/p/fictional-swimming-trip-to-exoplanets.html

Kimmo Huosionmaa

Every exoplanet, what we know is very far away, and that's the reason, why all trips to those planets are only speculations. We must create more advanced technology to make that kind of trip to exoplanets like Kepler 22b, where seems to be the giant ocean. That kind of exoplanets are very fascinating and in many imaginational stories, people would swim in those giant oceans, what are covering all planet. Oceans of those water-planets are very deep, and if the estimated depth of the oceans is 100 kilometers, the swimmer would see the darkness under the body.


There could also be water-planets, what have islands and shoal ocean, what might be only 20 meters deep, but this is only the speculation. Nowadays scientists have found only the exoplanets, what would have very deep oceans or another way we might say, that water layer on the surface of those planets is very squad. Kepler 22b is actually 1,5 times larger than Earth, and that's why swimming on its oceans would be extremely heavy.


And even there would not be the similar atmosphere, what allows our fictional astronaut to breath, in the oceans might be animals. Of course, those animals might be very big, like giant whales, because there might be Oxygen in the oceans. But the main problem would be bacteria-size fauna. Those very small organisms would cause infection in the bodies of astronauts, and that would be the biggest threat in that trip.


That's why we cannot go any habitable planet without bio-protective suit and gas masks, or the organisms on that planet would destroy us. The bio-protective suit is actually the overalls, what denies the skin to make contact with the atmosphere and microbes. In some scenarios, the astronauts, who would land to the habitable planet would cover their skin with Vaseline, or some other material like rubber, what would be sprayed to their skin, but this solution would leave skin without oxygen.


And that's why those astronauts must be used NBC-gas gear. If those astronauts want to use sprayed protection, they must be careful, because the bacteria, what is going to the anaerobic environment could cause infections. That's is the reason, that those sprayed solutions would not be suitable for the long-term use. But the film of this thing would be below the text, and I hope that you enjoy that film.

Film:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_23HxAHBbMU


Picture I

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Kepler22b-artwork.jpg/1200px-Kepler22b-artwork.jpg

Somebody still selling oil to North-Korea

http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/somebody-still-selling-oil-to-north.html

http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/somebody-still-selling-oil-to-north.html