Showing posts with label layers. Show all posts
Showing posts with label layers. Show all posts

Friday, May 23, 2025

The new AI learns like a human.



The new AI-based machine learning uses technology that mimics human optic view pathways in human brains. This technology is more effective than previous, conventional, convolutional neural networks, CNN-based architecture. "A convolutional neural network (CNN) is a type of feedforward neural network that learns features via filter (or kernel) optimization. This type of deep learning network has been applied to process and make predictions from many different types of data including text, images, and audio.  "

Convolution-based networks are the de-facto standard in deep learning-based approaches to computer vision and image processing, and have only recently been replaced—in some cases—by newer deep learning architectures such as the transformer." (Wikipedia, Convolutional neural network)

The CNN network shares images to squares. And handles it with square-shaped filters. These kinds of systems are effective, but they require a large number of microchips. 

This limits their ability to detect wider patterns in fragmented or variable data. The new technology called visual transformers, ViT, is more effective. It's more flexible and accurate. However, its problem is this. ViT requires more power than CNN. CNN requires an entire data center. So the ViT requires as many data centers as it has layers. 


"In the actual brain’s visual cortex, neurons are connected broadly and smoothly around a central point, with connection strength varying gradually with distance (a, b). This spatial connectivity follows a bell-shaped curve known as a ‘Gaussian distribution,’ enabling the brain to integrate visual information not only from the center but also from the surrounding areas. In contrast, traditional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) process information by having neurons focus on a fixed rectangular region (e.g., 3×3, 5×5, etc.) (c, d). CNN filters move across an image at regular intervals, extracting information in a uniform manner, which limits their ability to capture relationships between distant visual elements or respond selectively based on importance. Credit: Institute for Basic Science" (ScitechDaily, Brain-Inspired AI Learns To See Like Humans in Stunning Vision Breakthrough)


"Lp-Convolution, a novel method that uses a multivariate p-generalized normal distribution (MPND) to reshape CNN filters dynamically. Unlike traditional CNNs, which use fixed square filters, Lp-Convolution allows AI models to adapt their filter shapes, stretching horizontally or vertically based on the task, much like how the human brain selectively focuses on relevant details.

This breakthrough solves a long-standing challenge in AI research, known as the large kernel problem. Simply increasing filter sizes in CNNs (e.g., using 7×7 or larger kernels) usually does not improve performance, despite adding more parameters. Lp-Convolution overcomes this limitation by introducing flexible, biologically inspired connectivity patterns." (ScitechDaily, Brain-Inspired AI Learns To See Like Humans in Stunning Vision Breakthrough)





"Brain Inspired Design of LP Convolution

The brain processes visual information using a Gaussian-shaped connectivity structure that gradually spreads from the center outward, flexibly integrating a wide range of information. In contrast, traditional CNNs face issues where expanding the filter size dilutes information or reduces accuracy (d, e). To overcome these structural limitations, the research team developed Lp-Convolution, inspired by the brain’s connectivity (a–c). This design spatially distributes weights to preserve key information even over large receptive fields, effectively addressing the shortcomings of conventional CNNs. Credit: Institute for Basic Science" (ScitechDaily, Brain-Inspired AI Learns To See Like Humans in Stunning Vision Breakthrough)

And what makes the ViT technology so effective? The ViT means that the signal travels through multiple CNN networks. So the developers use multiple layers of the CNN networks. The system can use the expanding ViT model. There the optical signal travels first in the small CNN layer. Then the CNN layer's size expands. And then it contracts. That makes the CNN layers size or the number of processors. That participates in the operation that looks like the Gauss curve. 

The system can have two CNN layers that play the ping-pong ball with data. Every turn when one of those two layers sends information to the other the other layer uses more power to that problem. Then the system focuses data on one point. Or in the linear model, the system can use multiple layers of the CNNs. That model boosts machine learning but it requires more electricity and enormous data mass. 

The ability to use multiple neural layers to analyze information is the thing that makes ViTs so effective. The thing is that the ViT systems require lots of space. That means they can control robots through the internet. The other version is that millions of compact-size robots can turn them into the ViT network. 


https://scitechdaily.com/brain-inspired-ai-learns-to-see-like-humans-in-stunning-vision-breakthrough/


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convolutional_neural_network


Friday, January 28, 2022

How do gravitation waves escape from Black Hole?




Every object inside the universe is sending gravitational waves. When Earth orbits around the sun. It sends the same way, gravitational waves as two black holes that are orbiting each other. But those gravitational waves that Earth sends are weak if we compare them with gravitational waves. That black holes transmit. The black holes are sending more powerful gravitational waves that are easier to detect. 

The conditions near black holes are extreme. Wave movement and material drop in the black hole and send X- and gamma rays. Around every single particle is the quantum field. The quantum field is like the surface of the water. When something travels through that layer that impact sends wave movement. Same way when a stone hits the surface of the water it sends waves. 

There are no side-coming quantum fields. And that means the source of the gravitational waves can be in the quantum fields that are crossing the route of the particles and wave movement. Each time a particle travels through the crossing quantum field that thing sends the wave movement. 

So why gravitational waves are stronger near black holes than near Earth?   The answer can be in the gravitational model where all gravitational centers are in potholes. In the space is 3D geometry and we cannot imagine the ball-form pothole. So we can say that near gravitational centers universe is shorter than in other places. The depth of the pothole that surrounds the gravitational center is depending on the gravitational field's strength. 

So the strength of the gravitational field around the black holes is extreme. And the pothole is extremely deep. So the idea is that. The number of quantum fields that cross the pothole depends also on the gravitational field's strength. 


But what means that space turns shorter? 


That means that the number of quantum fields at certain distance increases. So when a particle drops in black holes. It crosses more quantum fields than in some other places. 

And that means that it sends more wave movement than a particle that travels across the weaker gravitational field. That thing makes those gravitational waves more visible. And that thing can explain time dilation. When that particle crosses the quantum field it loads energy to it. 

And finally, what is the event horizon? We can say that it's a series of quantum fields. If we think that the number of quantum fields increases when the speed or escaping velocity is closing the speed of light. That means the event horizon is a series of quantum fields that are closer to each other. Those quantum fields are like the onion. Those quantum fields are in shorter distances or thicker when the escaping velocity is closing the speed of light. 

The fact is that gravitational waves are not coming behind the event horizon. They are coming from the point of event horizon or maybe a little bit front of it. Hyper-energetic particles surround black holes. And those particles send extremely powerful radiation. 

The reason for that extremely high energy load is that wave movement travels inside the black hole. So that wave movement that falls in the black hole is traveling through those particles. And then it loads energy to those particles and wave movement that orbits the event horizon. 

The gravity waves are the mark. That black holes oscillate. The reason for that oscillation is that the mass of material and wave movement that falls in the black hole is not stable. 

The oscillation is a very small movement of the event horizon. When the event horizon moves backward it releases hyper energy photons. That movement is not very big. But a black hole is an extremely dense object. And that means that even small changes in its form have a big effect. That oscillation causes the energy level around the black hole is changing. 


Could Hawking radiation be the key to gravitational waves?


There is the possibility that Hawking radiation has a connection with gravitational waves. But how that hypothetical radiation can escape from the black hole? The idea is that photons could superposition (and entangle). Before they drop into the black hole. If that thing happens the other photon on that superpositioned photon pair will drop in the black hole before the other. That thing can raise the energy level higher than anything else. 


Or could the source of that wave movement in extreme time dilation. When escaping velocity faces the speed of light time stops. When it crosses the speed of light the time moves backward behind the event horizon. The reason for that is the escaping velocity is higher than the speed of light. 

So maybe that effect forms virtual photons outside the event horizon. That thing causes radiation effect to the universe. The idea is that the photon travels back in time. And that means it can observe outside the event horizon. Because that effect forms the ghost particle or virtual photon. 


Every particle in the universe sends some kind of gravitational waves. When neutron stars are colliding. They are also sending those waves around the universe. The same way the oscillating back holes are sending gravitational waves. When a black hole oscillates its event horizon is moving backward. And the speed of the particles that orbit the black hole rises. 

The reason for that is. The Quantum field cannot follow the movement of the event horizon. So for a second, the speed of particles rises higher than it can be in normal space. Sometimes particle is outside or just at the point of the event horizon when the quantum field is closing. 

And during that moment the particle is sending radiation. Another thing is that some particles turn to wave movement near the event horizon. And all the time. When wave movement is waving it sends the wave movement when it touches the quantum whirl around the black hole. When the wave of the inner wave movement touches the quantum field around the black hole. That quantum field sends the wave movement outside. 


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational_wave


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawking_radiation


https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/


What was before the Big Bang (Part II)

 What was before the Big Bang. (Part II) "Our universe could be the mirror image of an antimatter universe extending backwards in time....