Why do some planets have rings?

Saturn

We know many planets that have some kind of ring system. And the most well-known of those planets is Saturn. All gas giants in our solar system have a ring system that orbits them. So there are many theories about the origin of those rings. 

There is the possibility that forming of the rings is unique. So that means there are more than one reasons why some planets have rings. But if we are thinking about the gas giants in our solar system we must realize that those planets are more distant than Earth. 

So solar wind in that area is weaker than in the Earth's distance. And that means the particle (or ion) flow from the Sun would not blow those particles away. That explains why Earth has no rings. The reason for that is the solar winds. That are blowing sand or some other particles away from the Earth's orbiter. 

"The backlit (of Saturn's) E ring, with Enceladus, silhouetted against it. The moon's south polar jets erupt brightly below it." (Wikipedia/Rings of Saturn)

There may be many things that are forming ring systems for planets. There are three of those theories. And maybe there are many other reasons why some planets have rings. And some have not. 

*Plasma- or Van Allen rings of the planets are capturing sand bites that travel at the solar system. 

*In the case of Saturn, the shepherd moons are also playing their role in forming and anchoring the ring system. The shepherd moons are moons. That is orbiting the ring system on both sides of it. And the gravitational fields anchoring the objects in their places. 

*The Van Allen belts could capture small particles. And that explains why Uranus' rings seem to have no shepherd moons. The Van Allen ring or plasma ring can capture very light and slow-speed objects. So that means there could be many reasons why some planets have rings. 

*If the planet's distance is high enough from the Sun solar wind would not blow that dust away. 

*Destruction of the ancient moon can explain ring systems that involve large particles. 

*That moon could be destroyed by cosmic impact. Or tidal forces of the planet and its other moons can destroy that ancient moon. 

The planets with ring systems 

a) Jupiter's rings

a) "A schema of Jupiter's ring system showing the four main components. For simplicity, Metis and Adrastea are depicted as sharing their orbit. (In reality, Metis is very slightly closer to Jupiter.)" (Wikipedia, Rings of Jupiter) 

a2)

"Metis orbiting at the edge of Jupiter's main ring, as imaged by the New Horizons spacecraft in 2007" (Wikipedia/Rings of Jupiter)

b) Saturn's rings

"Side view of Saturn system, showing Enceladus in relation to the E Ring" (Wikipedia/Rings of Saturn)

b2)

"The full set of rings, imaged as Saturn eclipsed the Sun from the vantage of the Cassini orbiter, 1.2 million km distant, on 19 July 2013 (brightness is exaggerated). Earth appears as a dot at 4 o'clock, between the G and E rings." (Wikipedia/Rings of Saturn)

c) Uranus rings

"The scheme of Uranus's ring-moon system. Solid lines denote rings; dashed lines denote orbits of moons". (Wikipedia/Rings of Uranus)

"The scheme of Neptune's ring-moon system. Solid lines denote rings; dashed lines denote orbits of moons".

d) Neptune rings

d2) "Rings of Neptune imaged by the James Webb Space Telescope's NIRCam instrument" (Wikipedia/Rings of Neptune)

*There is the possibility that the planet capture the large dwarf planet and then the tidal forces will rip that dwarf planet in pieces. 

*In that case. The shepherd moons or moons that are orbiting the planet at both sides of the ring system are anchoring those objects in their places with their gravitational effects. 

And that means there is a possibility the plasma rings or Van Allen rings of giant planets capture dust, asteroids, and comets that travel in solar systems. And at least in cases where the ring system is formed of sand or other way saying small-size particles. That is the reason why some gas planets have rings. 

Another reason could be the ancient moon that is broken by cosmic impacts. That thing can be a reason, for planets like Saturn have larger objects in their rings. When that hypothetical moon is destroyed. The particles that are remaining of that ancient moon left to orbit Saturn. 

In some of this theory's other versions, Saturn collided with an asteroid cloud that could be the remnant of some ancient dwarf planet and some of those remnants remained to orbit that planet as the well-known ring system. 

https://scitechdaily.com/why-are-some-planets-surrounded-by-rings/amp/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Jupiter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Neptune

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rings_of_Uranus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_force

By the way...

The idea of the solar ring- or ring-shaped solar panels is taken from the planetary rings and one hoax theory. 

There is one UFO theory that I want to mention here. That theory is that the Uranus ring system is the solar panels that are orbiting the gas planet. Today that theory is crushed, but it gave an idea that maybe in the future Earth and some other planets or space colonies will get their power from solar panels that orbit the planets. 

The energy will transport to those colonies in the form of radio- laser or microwaves. That kind of solar ring or extremely thin silicone panels might solve the energy problems of the future. If those solar rings or ring-shaped solar panels are rotating or orbiting the Earth or some other planet the gravitational and centripetal force would have the same power, and they would anchor that solar panel in place. But that thing requires that the panels will move all the time. 

It's possible that between the center planet and the inner edge of the silicone panels is the frame. The orbiting silicone panel delivers energy to that stable frame. And that frame sends energy to the receiving stations on Earth. 

Image: Pinterest

https://astronomyandtechnology.blogspot.com/

Icequakes and icy geysers are breaking the cores of icy moons like Enceladus.

Image 1:This cutaway view of Saturn’s moon: Enceladus is an artist’s rendering that depicts possible hydrothermal activity that may be taking place on and under the seafloor of the moon’s subsurface ocean, based on results from NASA’s Cassini mission. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech (ScitechDaily)

When we think small moons of distant gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn are a nice place for making space stations. We are wrong. 

Those moons are not like our own Moon. There are deep oceans under the ice core of those moons. Their surface is always under strong tidal forces. 

The reason why the moons that have a weak gravity have oceans is the ice core. Without that core, the water will escape to space. And that means the place of the lithosphere on those moons is water. The massive tidal forces are keeping their oceans melted. 

The lava of those moons is water. And the icy core of the moons is breaking because of the massive tidal waves. The icequakes that are shaking the ice core are causing massive waves and that means that landing on those moons would be extremely dangerous. There is the possibility that inside those oceans would be built the station and the water would protect the crew against cosmic radiation. 

The simplest version of artificial photosynthesis is that the solar panels will break water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. At the distant gas giants, the nuclear reactors can deliver electricity to the electrolysis chambers that are breaking water molecules. 

And in wild cosmo-biological visions of the extraterrestrial lifeforms, the alien (exoplanetary) organism could have similar electric organs with electric eel. And they could synthesize oxygen in their bodies. Who knows what kind of routes evolution chooses on other planets? But normally, scientists say that the sunlight is too weak at the distance of the moons like Enceladus. The volcanic temperature can also give energy to lifeforms. So that means the possibility of the extraterrestrial lifeforms is not closed away from those moons. 

Image 2: A satellite image of the research study site on the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica (top). Shows two rifts in the ice from rising and falling tides. Similarly sized “tiger stripe fractures” crease the ice in Enceladus’ South Polar Terrain, in an image captured by the Cassini Imaging Team. From figure 1 of the new study. Credit: AGU/ JGR: Planets (Scitech daily/Icequakes Likely Rumble Along Geyser-Spitting Fractures on Saturn’s Icy Moon Enceladus)

But that thing would happen only in the distant future. The icy moons are interesting because that similar dwarf planet that looks like Enceladus can orbit many stars there are no observable planets. Also, there is a very small possibility that the oceans that exist under the ice core of those moons would swim tiny organisms like amoeba or even "fishes". 

Those icy moons are causing problems for the space probes. Some of those ice moons are impossible to land. There is the possibility to benefit the water of those moons as rocket fuel. The electrolysis will split water molecules. 

And hydrogen and oxygen will use in rocket engines. Conventional rocket engines are needed for small rockets that are getting samples from the moons and atmospheres of the gas giants. Then the larger nuclear-powered shuttles that use NERVA-type systems will bring those samples to Earth. 

And especially in the futuristic missions to other planets. If some craft would land on those icy moons. There is the possibility that the ice will collapse under them. That thing can cause that the probe will drop into the ocean. Before manned spaceflight to other planets is started the unmanned AI-control systems are sent to those planets. 

Their mission is to map the safe landing areas for manned spaceflight. Mission to the gas giants can take years. Then the samples must take to laboratories. For analyzing the possibility. Is there is some kind of organism under the ice cores of the icy moons of gas planets? Those kinds of things are not closed away before the research. 

Images and sources:

https://scitechdaily.com/icequakes-likely-rumble-along-geyser-spitting-fractures-on-saturns-icy-moon-enceladus/

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

Vuosisadan sensaatio on mahdollinen

1. Luotaimen outo käytös

Jos Cassini-luotaimessa oleva outo liike johtuu yhdeksännestä planeetasta, niin silloin ollaan lähellä vuosisadan tiedesensaatiota, ja toki tuollainen hyvinkin iso planeetta voi jäädä huomaamatta, jos se sijaitsee riittävän kaukana Auringosta, jolloin tuon kappaleen pintalämpötila on hyvin alhainen, jolloin sen lähettämä infrapunasäteily ei näy Maasta käsin katsottuna. Jos planeetan heijastuskerroin eli albido on hyvin matala, niin silloin tuo planeetta ei näy myöskään muilla sähkömagneettisen sätelyn taajuuksilla. Tuollainen hyvin musta planeetta on löytynyt eräältä toiselta tähdeltä, ja se on saanut nimen TrES2b Tuo planeetta absorboi lähes 100 % siihen saapuvasta valosta, ja on näin ollen maailmankaikkeuden mustin kappale.

Ja jos tuollainen planeetta löytyisi meidän omasta aurinkokunnastamme, niin se tietenkin merkitsisi sitä, että pitkään tunnetut häiriöt esimerkiksi Neptunuksen radassa olisivat sitten selitetty. TrES2b on oikeastaan Jupiterin kaltainen jättiläisplaneetta, joka kuitenkin on ilmeisesti melkein puhdasta hiiltä, joka tekee siitä erittäin mustan, mutta samalla absorboidessaan tähtensä lähettämää säteilyä tuo musta planeetta kuumenee voimakkaasti, joten siksi ihmettelen hiukan, miksi tuo yhdeksäs planeetta ei näy kuitenkaan infrapunasäteilyn aaltopituudella, joten tietenkin voidaan leikitellä ajatuksella, että mikä kappale imee kaiken säteilyn itseensä. Jos kappale imee paljon säteilyä, niin se kuumenee todella kuumaksi, ja siitä syystä esimerkiksi veden peittämä planeetta on viileämpi kuin kiviplaneetta. Syy tähän on se, että veden pinnasta kimpoaa paljon enemmän säteilyä avaruuteen kuin kiviplaneetasta.

2. Mahdollinen hiiliplaneetta

Tämän takia esimerkiksi asfaltti kuumenee kesäpäivänä paljon enemmän kuin merivesi. Toki on olemassa kappale, joka ei säteile mitään säteilyä ympäristöönsä. Musta Aukko imee painovoimansa avulla kaiken sen ympärillä olevan aineen sekä säteilyn itseensä, mutta en kyllä ainakaan itse toivo, että tällainen kappale löytyy omasta aurinkokunnastamme. Neutronitähti ei myöskään säteile omaa energiaa ulos, ja koska kyseessä olisi vain noin 20 km läpimittainen kappale, niin sitä on silloin vaikea havaita. Eli en toki toivo myöskään tätä kappaletta omaan aurinkokuntaamme, mutta jos tuollainen massiivinen kappale kulkee avaruudessa, niin se "auraa" uran radalleen kuten planeetatkin tekevät, ja vaikka miellämme nuo räjähtäneen tähden jäänteet usein esimerkiksi pulsareiksi, niin silloin unohdamme sen, että pulsari saa voimansa toisesta tähdestä imemästään kaasusta.

Eli säännöllisiä pulsareita voi olla vain kaksoistähtijärjestelmissä, missä toinen osapuoli on neutronitähti. Tuo neutronitähden imemä aine saa sen ulkokuoren pyörimään, ja silloin syntyy valtavan voimakas magneettikenttä, ja tuo ainesuihku saa alkunsa siitä kun materia puristuu tuon kappaleen pintaan, niin että syntyy ydinreaktio, ja tuosta reaktiosta syntyvät hiukkaset syöksyvät neutronitähden pintaa pitkin sen magneettisten voimaviivojen mukaisesti neutronitähden navoille, mistä ne purkautuvat avaruuteen. Mutta yksin vaeltaessaan neutronitähti on melko huomaamaton, ja se saattaa käyttäytyä kuin planeetta. Kuitenkin vasta havainnot kertovat, mikä saa avaruusluotaimen käyttäytymään omituisesti. Kyseessä voi tietenkin olla esimerkiksi Saturnuksesta tuleva säteily tai sen magneettikentän muutokset.

Esimerkiksi Saturnuksen mahdollista mikroaaltosätelyä ei voida havainnoida radioteleskoopeilla, koska tuo sähkömagneettisen spektrin alue on aivan toinen kuin radioaaltojen taajuus. Eli jos puhutaan radioteleskoopeista sekä mikroaalloista, niin mikroaaltoihin nähden nuo laitteet ovat ikään kuin väärällä kanavalla, joten siksi mikroaaltouunit eivät häiritse GSM-viestintää eivätkä muita radioviestintälaitteita, vaan syy siihen, miksi vuotavaa mikroaaltouunia ei saa käyttää johtuu lähinnä sen lämmittävästä vaikutuksesta.
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