Machine learning needs stimulus for making solutions.

 

 Machine learning needs stimulus for making solutions. 

"A barren plateau is a trainability problem that occurs in machine learning optimization algorithms when the problem-solving space turns flat as the algorithm is run. Researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory have developed theorems to prove that any given algorithm will avoid a barren plateau as it scales up to run on a quantum computer." (https://www.lanl.gov/discover/news-release-archive/2021/March/0319-barren-plateaus.php)

Have you heard of a "barren plateaus" problem? The name of that problem is coming from the J.R.R Tolkien book. Wherein the fictive Middle land is the very dry and hot place. The image, above this text, introduces the "barren plateaus" problem very well. 

In the next example, the food and water are the information. If a creature lives in the "fresh plateaus" it can take nutrients from nature. There is a bigger chance to make mistakes. But the nutrient is versatile and finding and testing new things makes the creature in the work. When a creature searches for things from nature there are many possibilities to test which type of vegetables or other nutrient sources the creature uses. Of course, that thing requires sometimes rise to the mountains. 

In that image, the problem is the mountain. The thing is that if the creature lives on the landscape at the higher image. That creature has stimulus. The green landscape offers motivation and the grass is the food and the creature wants to go to the mountain. The grass and water are everywhere and the creature has the motivation to rise to the mountain. And that could be willing to see the farter places. Or maybe the creature wants to get fresh air. 

The lower image introduces the situation. Where the creature lives in the "barren plateau". The water and food are in a pocket or bag and of course, the creature never makes mistakes if that creature wants to get a certain sandwich. The creature knows which pocket that creature can get sausage sandwich and where is the drinking bottle. But sooner or later, the nutrient would turn unilateral. In barren plateaus problem, the creature will get pre-made food. 

So if we are transferring that model to the information technology the creature will get pre-made solutions that fit in certain situations. And that makes this kind of model very limited. The situation is like that creature lives in the desert or "barren plateaus". The supporter brings water and sandwich to a certain point at a certain time. The food is guaranteed but it's always the same. 

And what the creature gets depends on the supporter. If the supporter wants to give the sausage sandwich that is the food. If someday the supporter wants to give the cheese sandwich that creature will get a cheese sandwich. 

When everything is pre-made the creature doesn't want to try itself to find food. There is difficult to make mistakes if some other person makes the food. The same way is in data science. If all problems are pre-solved that thing means that it's very hard to make wrong solutions. 

The term "flatten landscape" means that when the creature is living in "barren plateaus" the limited information sources makes the problems look harder to solve. Because the creature always is at a certain point where the supporter will bring a sandwich and water the creature is not even trying to climb mountains or solve the problem. 

"A barren plateau is a trainability problem that occurs in machine learning optimization algorithms when the problem-solving space turns flat as the algorithm is running".

"In that situation, the algorithm can’t find the downward slope in what appears to be a featureless landscape and there’s no clear path to the energy minimum. Lacking landscape features, machine learning can’t train itself to find the solution". (LosAlamos National laboratories, Solving ‘barren plateaus’ is the key to quantum machine learning)

https://www.lanl.gov/discover/news-release-archive/2021/March/0319-barren-plateaus.php

Image:https://www.lanl.gov/discover/news-release-archive/2021/March/0319-barren-plateaus.php

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What is the problem with CIA? And why it was created?

CIA Headquarters Langley, Virginia
(Picture I)

https://kirjabloggaus.blogspot.com/

Kimmo Huosionmaa

The CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) is problematic because it is a civil organization. The reason, why CIA was established in 1947 by Rear admiral Roscoe Hillerkoetter was that the role of the intelligence was problematic for military and civilian leaders. The leader of OSS (Organization of Strategic Services) was lead by General major William "Wild Bill" Donovan, and because the leader of the intelligence was the lower rank officer the vital reports could be left to the tables without notice. And the otherwise the leaders of the intelligence would not always read the reports what came from the field.


And that caused sometimes very bad situation if some fortresses or their location were not in the knowledge of the field corpses. Hillerkoetter and his superiorities wanted to create the intelligence service, where the henchmen could say something to their superiorities, and otherwise, he wanted to create the intelligence agency, what work was extremely professional, and positions in that system based only in the personnel own abilities and training. The model, what was used to form that system came from the FBI, but the CIA was able to work out of the United States territory.


This thing makes  CIA very problematic organization because the reports what would not satisfy the leaders is not causing the divorcement of that agent. When we are thinking about the position of field agents, their life can be very dangerous. Sometimes those men and women have got problems with their works in the places like customs. And maybe the president of Russia Vladimir Putin is one of them, who have been humiliated in some customs during his KGB career.


The leader of Russia should be some commander of tank-divisions, that he would have only one way to see things. And the President Of The United States would also be the easier person if that man gets 's only positive things in the life. Trump has faced the feelings about bankruptcy, and people's attitude for that. He has seen, what kind of attitudes people have for persons, who fail in the business life.


And after that would be better for somebody that this kind of persons would not raise in power again, because they have the deal like second-class people. But Trump has shown, that resistance could turn to power. And he has shown, that the rise after the catastrophe is possible. Sometimes I have thought that is the newspapers cold attitude for Trump reason for that bankruptcy? Did some journalist deal that man with the bad attitude?


Spies are problematic also because they are talking with opponents, and they are under the influence of the opponent. Spying and espionage is a work, where operators face the things, what their superiorities would not want, that they would notice. Sometimes DEA or other police intelligence agencies agents face the riot police's baton or SWAT-team assault during their operations. And this is, of course, very traumatic.

Picture I

https://vignette.wikia.nocookie.net/headhuntersholosuite/images/0/04/CIA_headquarters.jpg/revision/latest?cb=20160725155533