Gravitational waves and quantum models II

 Gravitational waves and quantum models II

So what put the gravitational field into motion? That is one of the most interesting things in the universe. When the gravitational center sends gravitational waves, those G-waves transport energy out from the field near the gravitational center. We can simply think that the energy fields are weaker near the gravitational center than at a longer distance. So stronger energy fields travel into the gravitational center. The gravitational center can bind other fields around it. Every time the gravitational center sends a gravitational wave, it makes space for other fields to travel into the gravitational center. 

Another way is that the gravitational center simply transports gravitational fields in a certain direction. In that model. Some string that can travel through the gravitational center can pull that field into one direction. The fact is this as long as a particle evaporates, that causes a gravitational effect. But when the particle’s evaporation ends. That causes the gravitational field will not pull particles and fields to the particle. When a particle evaporates or turns into a wave movement. It leaves space to other fields that try to fill that hole. That makes energy and particles travel to that gravity center. 

If we think that dark matter is the strange gravitational effect, we can think that there is some kind of lower energy point in those gravitational centers. That gravitational center can form when some kind of skyrmion, or some other thing, forms the lower energy point. Another thing that can form the strange gravitational effect called dark matter can be the skyrmion series. That can form around the quantum-sized black hole’s relativistic jet or relativistic string. Those skyrmions can move the quantum field like a piston. That can form an electromagnetic shadow behind those skyrmions. That means that other fields around those shadows or lower energy points start to fall into those electromagnetic vacuums. That thing makes a similar effect to gravity. 

And that point can be unbelievable. There is a possibility that free gravitons or free axions can form dark matter. But it is also possible that the dark matter is the condensed particles that are colder than 3K, or maybe those particles are colder than the energy minimum in the universe. That requires that those particles come from outside the universe. Or, that is the only explanation that could explain this hypothesis. 

See also

Gravitons

Skyrmions

The dark matter mystery.

In some theories, the Big Bang was the Schwinger effect which turned wave movement into particle-antiparticle pairs. The Big Bang was the annihilation that destroyed and reformed particles. A small asymmetry in the relation of particles caused the situation that the material that we know as material forms the universe. 

This thing is interesting because the Schwinger effect always forms the same number of particles and antiparticles. So where came those extra particles that formed material? 

The Big Bang was probably a series of events where material transformed into energy, and again energy transformed back into the material. But then we must realize that dark matter must come from somewhere. Dark matter is a mystery. In the young universe, there was lots of dark matter. And then dark energy replaced dark matter as the most dominating force in the universe. 

There is a possibility. That in the early universe was some type of material that is lost today. That explains why in the young universe was no dark energy. But there was more dark matter. Cosmic inflation explains why the density of dark matter decreases, but what is the origin of free or dark energy that causes the universe's expansion? 

Cosmic inflation means that material density comparison with space decreases. The idea is similar when the balloon is put in a vacuum chamber. The vacuum pulls the balloon larger. 

And the pressure inside it is decreasing. Problem is that the cosmic inflation theory requires that the universe's acceleration speed increases. 

The reason for that is when the distance between objects increases gravitational effect between them decreases. But that thing does not seem quite right. The expansion speed of the universe doesn't accelerate. Or it accelerates less than it should.  

Is the origin of dark energy the annihilation between unknown particle-antiparticle pairs? That means dark energy is an echo from the particles, destroyed a long time ago. 

If we think that the Big Bang formed two or three types of material. That might have no other interaction than gravitation.  In some models, the Big Bang released three types of matter. 

1)Cold Dark matter ********************1)Cold Dark matter

2)Hot Dark matter*******'** or********* 2)Visible material

3)Visible material *********************3)Hot dark matter

Even if dark matter consists of two versions of hot and cold dark matter, that doesn't mean that hot and cold dark matter has a stronger interaction than hot and cold dark matter and visible material. 

There is a possibility that visible matter is between cold and hot dark matter. The existence of hot and cold dark matter is not confirmed. But if visible material is between the hot and cold dark matter. That means dark matter interaction goes through the visible matter. So if that thing is true could the dark energy be the result of that unproven interaction? 

If visible material is between cold and dark matter that means the dark matter forms a giant maser effect in the universe. The idea in that model is that before the "real Big Bang" happened that event released dark matter. 

Then the ring of visible material is released, and finally, another wave of dark matter is released into the universe. That model is taken from nuclear bombs where lots of radiation is released just before the weapon explodes. 

The fact is that. Dark matter is not proven to be material at all. In some visions, the dark matter is some kind of gravitational maser effect. But that thing is very hard to prove. We know that there is some kind of gravitational effect whose source is unknown. And that's almost everything that we know about dark matter. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation_(cosmology)

https://shorttextsofoldscholars.blogspot.com/

The dwarf galaxies are the key to alternative gravitation theory.

"The dwarf galaxy NGC1427A flies through the Fornax galaxy cluster and undergoes disturbances that would not be possible if this galaxy were surrounded by a heavy and extended dark matter halo, as required by standard cosmology. Credit: ESO" (ScitechDaily.com/New Discovery Indicates an Alternative Gravity Theory)

The dwarf galaxies are interesting things. Dwarf galaxies are small star clusters, colder than giant galaxies and closer than ultra-diffuse galaxies or UDGs. That is very far from us. 

Conditions in dwarf galaxies are sometimes similar to the UDGs. That thing is true if there are lots of old stars in the dwarf galaxy. 

Some dwarf galaxies are following Milky Way. They are not as bright as Milky Way or Andromeda galaxy. And that allows for observing black holes in the middle of those small galaxies. In the cases of the Milky Way and Andromeda, the brightness of the dust hides the black hole behind them. 

Their lack of material is the result of larger galaxies' gravitational effect. Some dwarf galaxies or ball-shaped stellar clusters. Along with open stellar clusters are full of blue supergiants. And those stars are extremely hot and bright. 

That allows observing energy interactions inside those small galaxies. There is the possibility that there is star formation in dwarf galaxies. But the gravitational effect of the larger galaxies pulls dust and gas away from those star clusters. Also, a large number of blue supergiants can push material away from the galaxy. 

By observing galaxies is possible to research things, like how the bubble of dark matter that surrounds the dwarf galaxy interacts with visible material. And if the bubble of dark matter will pull material from both sides, that thing makes it possible that the shape of a dwarf galaxy turns into a disk. 

The difference between a star cluster and a dwarf galaxy is not very big. Sometimes is introduced that the star cluster is where new stars are forming. And that are separated from the galaxies are dwarf galaxies. 

The difference between dwarf galaxies and normal galaxies is their size. In dwarf galaxy is normally 1000 up to several billions of stars. There are 200-400 billion stars in Milky Way. 

In some dwarf galaxies is only young or old stars. 

The difference between open and other star clusters is that there is no dominating gravitational center in open star clusters. In other, ball-shaped star clusters is the gravitational center. And other stars are orbiting that gravitational center. 

In embedded star clusters there are forming stars all the time. Those star clusters are full of young stars. And the globular clusters are opposite to the embedded clusters. 

The oldest known stars are in the globular star clusters. And there is a possibility that the globular star clusters are sometimes the remnants of dwarf galaxies. 

In those cases, larger galaxies pulled the material away from the dwarf galaxy. And that thing turns the dwarf galaxy into a globular star cluster.  The age of the stars in that type of star cluster is almost the same as in the universe. So star clusters and dwarf galaxies are fascinating things.

https://scitechdaily.com/new-discovery-indicates-an-alternative-gravity-theory/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_galaxy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_diffuse_galaxy

Image: https://scitechdaily.com/new-discovery-indicates-an-alternative-gravity-theory/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_cluster

https://anewtonsapple.blogspot.com/

There are very odd dark matter halos in the just-found ultra-diffuse galaxies.

The Ultra Diffuse Galaxies (UDG:s) or extreme low luminosity galaxies are places where are two extremities of the dark matter should exist. So there are cold and hot dark matter if those things are real. Those galaxies are very old star cluster formations. And UDG:s are full of neutron stars, black holes, and white dwarfs. 

The material density of those galaxies is less than 1% of the Milky Way. But their mass can be the same as regular galaxies. That means most of the material that is inside those galaxies is in invisible form. Of course, lots of materials that are in those galaxies are in black holes and other objects that are not producing energy. 

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Dark matter means gravitational effect. That is the second dominating thing in the universe. But the thing that is forming that effect is invisible. 

Dark matter is the gravitational effect that is one of the most mysterious things in the universe. There are a couple of theories. That is making possible why researchers cannot see that mysterious thing. 

1) Dark matter is a virtual particle. That forms when gravitational waves are impacting. So the standing gravitational waves can make it possible that the gravitation would have a similar effect on the material. 

2) If dark matter is not self-gravitating that thing can turn dark energy to gravitation. In that model, the dark matter forms a whirl of dark energy that acts like gravitation. 

The reason, why some researchers believe that dark matter is not self-gravitating is that UDG:s are spiral-shaped structures. So there is a fascinating model that dark matter is the thing that forms dark energy in a tornado. And that quantum tornado will pull particles. 

When that kind of quantum tornado forms. Energy travels from the higher energy level to the lower energy level. That thing acts like a vacuum that pulls wave motion inside it. And then the object starts to ride with that wave motion. In that case, dark matter is the spontaneous quantum tornado that acts like real particles. 

There is mentioned that if dark matter is self-gravitating those UDG:s should be ball-shaped. So dark matter should also pull visible material in that extremely thin plasma to ball-size form.  

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Image 2) NGC 1052-DF2, an ultra diffuse galaxy. (Wikipedia)

A large part of the material is stored in black holes and neutron stars. 

If there are black holes in the UDG, that black holes will not send as powerful  X- and gamma rays as black holes that are in the Milky Way. Because UDG:s  is less material that can fall in those black holes. 

The fact is that in UDG:s there is the possibility to see the shadow of the halo of dark matter. And the thing that makes UDG:s very interesting is that they are not ball-shaped objects. 

But there is the possibility that the ball of dark matter that surrounds those galaxies pulls them to disk. In this model, UDG is in the equator of the invisible ball of dark matter. And gravitation pulls that disk from both sides. That symmetric gravitation effect turns the visible material of ultra-diffuse galaxy to disk-shaped. 

So there is a possibility that at least another type of dark matter is not self-gravitating. There is the possibility that the dark matter is the gravitational effect is virtual particles. If standing gravitational waves are possible. 

That explains why we cannot see dark matter. In that model impacting gravitational waves form standing wave motion or standing gravitational waves. Those short-living gravitational centers could explain why we cannot see dark matter. But if dark matter doesn't create its gravitational effect itself, that thing means that this thing can turn dark energy into gravitational waves. 

https://scitechdaily.com/dark-matter-halos-of-newly-discovered-ultra-diffuse-galaxies-are-very-odd/amp/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_diffuse_galaxy

Image: https://scitechdaily.com/dark-matter-halos-of-newly-discovered-ultra-diffuse-galaxies-are-very-odd/amp/

Image 2) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_diffuse_galaxy

Dark matter or the invisible gravitational effect could explain something about dark energy.

There are galaxies full of dark matter. And galaxies, there is no dark matter. So in theory, dark matter can form glimpses that we can call planets or dark matter nebulas. The problem is that we can see only the gravitational effect that comes from something invisible. So the second dominating effect in the universe is almost unknown. 

Dark matter glimpses send gravitational waves similar way to all other massive targets. And that means when some particle travels through the dark matter nebula that nebula pumps gravitational energy to that particle. 

Sometimes introduced a theory that dark matter is virtual material. In that case, the dark matter or that gravitational effect is formed by the maser effect of the gravitational waves. When gravitational waves impact together. They have a similar effect to all other wave motions. When wave motion impacts other wave motion that has the same frequency. That increases the power of the wave motion. Same way as gravitation turns the direction of photons. 

It turns the direction of gravitational waves. In the same way, gravitational lenses are turning the direction of light. They are turning in the direction of gravitational waves. So if gravitational waves are traveling through the focus of the gravitational lens. That increases the power of the gravitational waves. 

When that particle comes out from the dark matter cloud it sends extra energy as the radiation quantum. The same way the neutrino acts when it impacts with neutrino detector.When a particle that has mass impacts water it sends a blue light flash. 

Same way when all other particles are slowing in the universe. They are sending light quantum. So when dark matter glimpse accelerates the particle it must release that extra energy when it slows. And in this point, we must realize that the speed of light might be different with dark matter than visible matter. 

When dark matter sends energy quantum that thing acts like a photon. Se that energy quantum faces the crossing wave motion. If the source of that energy or light quantum is in the dark matter particle it interacts with the energy quantum that is coming from other dark matter particles. 

But if that thing is true and dark energy is the radiation that comes from dark matter. That causes this part of the energy sources are not involved in calculations. And that thing explains why there is too much energy in space. 

The fact is that there is the possibility that dark matter is virtual material. In that case, the thing that makes this gravitational effect is the maser emission that affects gravitational waves.

Gravitation is the wave motion. And that means it's one kind of radiation. If gravitational waves impact each other, they form a similar effect to lasers and masers. When gravitational waves impact each other, that increases their power. That thing means that gravitational waves can theoretically form objects like black holes. 

When somebody says, that a black hole formed from dark matter or straight from gravitational waves that thing doesn't mean anything about the shape of the black hole. The black hole is always similar. Material that forms this thing is packed in a form called the singularity. In that form time, and material are the same.  

Even if a black hole is formed of antimatter. That material cannot react. The massive gravitation will make the annihilation impossible. And even if a thing may pull radiation black inside it. So that annihilation will be invisible from the outside of the black hole. Except that object could send the gravitational waves at that moment. 

https://astronomyandtechnology.blogspot.com/

There is an interesting thing in gravitation. Why it seems to act oppositely to other forces?

When we are thinking about three interactions, strong interaction or weak nuclear force, and electromagnetism the reason for their ability to interact only in short distances can be simpler than we ever thought. The reason for that short-distance interaction is that the particles that are interacting are so small. 

When the boson starts to transmit force it will turn to wave motion before it can start affecting the particle. The small size of those particles like quarks causes the wave motion cannot form a vacuum on the other side of the particle. 

But the thing about gravitation is that seems to interact the wrong way. Gravitation should travel away from the gravitational center. This is the reason why black holes send gravitational waves. But why that thing pulls objects together? When all other particles send energy they are oscillating. And that oscillation breaks the bonds between those particles. Why gravitation acts otherwise? 

The gravitational effect acts opposite way to other forces. In regular quantum, systems energy flows to the lower energy level. But in gravitation. All objects travel to heavier objects. And because gravitation is radiation it's also energy. 

Black holes are pulling also wave motion inside it. And that means the black hole is at a lower energy level than other particles and objects in the universe. The fact is this in regular quantum systems the energy should travel away from the black hole. 

And if we want to take a simple example we can think about the tube and water as energy. The water flows to the lower energy level. But in nature the gravitation is energy. And that means gravitation should act otherwise. 

In the case of Earth, the planet is the gravitational center. And that means the level of gravitational energy should be higher on the Earth. So gravitation should travel away from earth. And that thing causes another interesting thing. 

Is a gravitation vacuum that forms ahead of the objects. And then that vacuum pulls the objects together? That thing means that gravitational wave motion travels to Earth. Not away from it. That thing explains why gravitation pulls objects together. 

In the case of wormholes, the more massive black hole would send gravitational waves to the smaller black hole. The reason for that is gravitation should act like all other forces. In quantum entanglement, or in the case where a wormhole connects two black holes, the system attempts to get energy stability. So the energy should travel from the higher energy black hole to the lower energy black hole. 

But the thing is that the supermassive black holes should have higher gravitational energy levels than other objects in the universe. And that energy should travel away from the black hole. Gravitation is energy or radiation like all other wave motions. Why that force is so different than all other forces? That thing is the key element to understanding the interactions in the universe. 

Machine learning found hidden components in X-ray pulses.

"An X-ray pulse (white line) is built from 'real' and 'imaginary' components (red and blue dashes) that determine quantum effects. A neural network analyzes low-resolution measurements (black shadow) to reveal the high-resolution pulse and its components. Credit: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory"(Phys.org/Machine learning reveals hidden components of X-ray pulses)

The behavior of the line makes it possible to model why an X-ray can tunnel through the material but doesn't warm it. As you can see from the image above this text there is a strange form in the blue line which is another imaginary or virtual component in the X-ray radiation. The X-ray pulse (white) has two imaginary or virtual components. Blue and red. 

The blue component seems to have the mirror form to the red component. When the red component rises the blue component decreases. And maybe this is the explanation for why the gravitation is so weak or why gravitation will not rise the mass of the particles. Maybe the wavelength of the gravitation radiation is so short. That it will not transfer energy to particles. Similar way with other wavelengths. 

And maybe gravitation radiation or gravitational wave motion is like X- and gamma rays. Maybe the energy level of the gravitational wave motion or radiation is very high but that radiation cannot transfer that energy to the particles or objects. 

The interesting thing about this image is found in the blue curve. The blue curve shows that in this structure energy level decreases when the energy level of the red energy line rises. That means there seems to be some kind of electromagnetic vacuum or "electromagnetic low pressure" at the same point where the red line rises. So is there some kind of negative energy at the point where the red line rises? 

The blue line seems to form the mirror line to the red line. And that thing is interesting. This is one of the most interesting things in the history of quantum mechanics. That means the blue line could explain why the X-ray radiation can travel through the walls without making holes. If that blue line pulls energy out from atoms immediately. 

That means the X-rays cannot. Rise the energy level of atoms when it's tunneling through the walls. So if the X-ray or the blue line just pulls the extra energy away from the atoms immediately when the X-ray stresses it that thing doesn't cause so much oscillation as infrared radiation with a longer wavelength. 

Infrared radiation has a longer wavelength. And if that opposite curve of infrared radiation is lower. That means infrared radiation transfers more energy to those atoms than X- and gamma-ray radiation. But that observation about the behavior of imaginary components helps to make theories about what kind of effect the negative energy could be. 

Could gravitational waves be the next radiation from gamma rays? So gravitational waves can be extremely short-wave radiation. 

There is the possibility. That gravitational waves might be similar to the X- or gamma-rays. X- and gamma-rays. Those radiation types have high energy levels but they cannot transfer that energy to the material. X- and gamma-rays can travel through extremely thick material. The plasma ring of Earth will drive those radiations away from Earth. 

Gravitation is also a wave motion It doesn't warm objects. But it can move them. And that thing gives a hint, that maybe that gravitational wave motion is a very short wave motion outside the gamma rays. Maybe the effect of gravitation forms when the short-wavelength gravitational radiation impacts particles. 

Then that thing forms an electromagnetic shadow on another side of the particle. That quantum shadow pulls wave motion away from the particle. And that means the gravitation moves energy to the particle. But then that energy moves out from the particle and acts like a small-size rocket engine. 

https://phys.org/news/2022-08-machine-reveals-hidden-components-x-ray.html

Image 1) https://phys.org/news/2022-08-machine-reveals-hidden-components-x-ray.html

Image 2) Reddit

https://miraclesofthequantumworld.blogspot.com/