Zombie cells and HIV viruses are promoting aging.

 

"Senescent cells, or “zombie cells,” are unique in that they ultimately cease multiplying but do not die off as expected." (ScitechDaily.com/Age Accelerating “Zombie Cells” – A New Study Sheds Light on These Unique Cells)

The term zombie cell means a cell that self-destruction is disturbed. That thing causes an effect, where those cells cannot die as they should. Those over-aged cells might affect aging and early stages of cancer. The forming of the zombie cell can be connected to the mitochondria. 

Mitochondria are small organelles that are giving energy to the cells. Somewhere in history mitochondria were independent organisms. Mitochondria have their DNA that is separated from the cell's main DNA.  And they divide independently.  When a cell dies the mitochondria should stop the energy production. 

But somehow the mitochondria continue their work after the calculated time. When the cell dies, the nucleus sends a mark to mitochondria to shut themselves down. When energy production of the cell ends it dies.

The metabolism products of the mitochondria are the mark that the cell is living. And even if the cell itself sends the mark that it's going to die, mitochondria continue their work that denies the immune cell to destroy that zombie cell.

Zombie cells are causing cancer because their DNA can face more damage than regular cells. And because those cells cannot die causes that those cells form "daughter cells", which DNA is not acting as it should. 

And that thing causes cancer. But the zombie cells can increase the aging process. The reason for that might be in the immune system. When the cell is aging it sends chemical marks that tell its condition to immune cells. When the cell is advancing in a certain stage in its life, it sends the "stand by for eating me" to immune cells whose mission is to remove remnants of the dead cell. Then the cell sends its final mark and the immune cell destroys it. 

That "stand by" mark tells that the core of the cell must turn thin. And the immune cells start to prepare for the destruction process. The purpose of that process is to deny the spread of programmed cell death. During that process, the antigens are affecting also the DNA by cutting its telomers. If the final mark of the death of the cells is not coming the immune cell continues its preparation process. 

And those antigens are starting to spread in the body. Those antigens are cutting the DNA in other cells. The thing that supports this theory is that HIV viruses are also increasing the speed of aging. The anti-HIV medicals are affecting the genetic material of the viruses. And also the immune system creates antibodies that affect the DNA and RNA molecule synthesis. 

Also, the virus itself copies itself to the DNA and that causes errors in the DNA structure. The HIV is the RNA-retrovirus. When the cell divides the RNA of the retrovirus can slip into the DNA. Because the cell makes a copy of the DNA through the RNA molecules. During that process, the cell copies the entire DNA to the daughter cell.

So the RNA molecules will travel above the DNA and transfer that code to the descendant cell. If there is the RNA of the HIV the copy process will be disturbed. That thing causes the descendant cell can have mutated cell organs. 

Because the DNA and RNA molecules are shorter, this means the base-pair order is disturbed or the DNA is damaged because of HIV that thing causes the aging of the cells to be faster than usual. And because the immune system and medicines must affect the DNA that thing causes damage to the DNA molecules all around the body.

https://scitechdaily.com/age-accelerating-zombie-cells-a-new-study-sheds-light-on-these-unique-cells/

https://scitechdaily.com/hiv-accelerates-aging-by-5-years/

Image: ) https://scitechdaily.com/age-accelerating-zombie-cells-a-new-study-sheds-light-on-these-unique-cells/

What is the role of electrons in nuclear processes?

Distant asteroids in zero-kelvin degrees can exist longer than similar asteroids near the sun. 

When we think about organic time, or what time means to the material. We are facing one very interesting thing. Energy is the thing that creates material.  When material or atoms are sending photons they are sending their mass. And that thing causes that sooner or later particles turn to wave movement. The thing that causes this thing is the negative energy. That means the energy that travels away from the nucleus of the atom. 

The size of the electron is much smaller than protons. But still, they can turn the polarity of atoms neutral. But how the electricity of electrons can be so powerful that it can neutralize the electricity or polarity of the proton. The answer is kinetic energy. When an electron orbits the nucleus that will increase its electric load. But that thing is the thing that is making the material get older. 

When an electron orbits an atom it loses its energy. And when the electron loses its energy proton pulls it to it. During that dive movement, the electron would take the energy from the quantum fields of the protons and neutrons. But at the same time electrons are taking part in those nuclear particles. 

So why heavy elements are destroying faster than light particles. What causes the radioactivity. That thing is quite simple to explain. When electrons are orbiting the nucleus of the atom. That thing causes that electrons are throwing photons away from the atom. And during that process, electrons are losing their energy. 

If there is a large number of electrons in the orbitals. They are transferring the energy faster away from the atom. That thing is the source of the radioactive radiation. The electrons in the inner trajectories would get their energy mainly from the nucleus. And that means the electrons are transferring energy only to one direction away from the atom's nucleus. 

Whenever the electron is taking energy from the nucleus. That makes the nucleus of the atom lighter. And sooner or later the atom loses a couple of electrons. That thing causes the asymmetry in electron cores what makes the electrons are pulling the protons asymmetrically. That destroys the nucleus of an atom. 

But when energy travels outside the nucleus when electrons are transferring it away from the atom. That thing makes the quantum fields around the atom and especially the nucleus weaker. When the electron cloud expands the quantum fields are growing but they are turning weaker. That allows that the movement of gluons in the protons and neutrons is getting stronger. 

The nuclear particles, protons, and neutrons are quark groups. That requires electrons for staying in one piece.  If there are no quantum fields around hadrons they are destroyed. And finally when the last electrons are left even protons are turning to the wave movement. 

And what makes the energy flow from the nucleus of the atom to the negative? The thing is that when the electrons are orbiting the nucleus the electron that is in the internal orbiter would take the energy mainly from the nucleus of the atom. 

The time is a very interesting thing. When we are talking about the material we can determine the time as the existence of material in the particular form. The material is getting old faster in the empty bubbles in space because the energy travels outside the material. Faster in low energetic areas than in high energetic areas. 

Energy always travels from the higher-energetic area to the lower energetic area. And that means the material loses its energy faster in low-energy areas than in high-energy areas. The aging process is not so simple. Freezing material to the minimum energy level would not limit its lifetime. Or existence as the particle form. 

The vaporization of the black holes means that the energy flows away from the black hole that is the higher energetic area to the space which is the lower energetic area. And the same way all other material is vaporizing or turn wave movement. 

If it would pull energy to it from outside. The thing is that low energetic material has longer existence as the form of particles than high-energetic. Low-energy material loses its mass slower than high-energetic material. 

Or actually, the speed of energy transfer depends on the difference in the energy level. If the difference of the energy levels is very big the energy flows to a lower level faster than if the difference between energy levels is lower. And that is one thing that destroys the material. So near zero kelvin degrees, the energy flow between material and surrounding space would be weak. 

Image: https://www.syfy.com/sites/syfy/files/styles/blog_post_featured_media_tablet_1_5x/public/art_distant_asteroid.jpg?h=9f474308