There is a new era for space exploration.

The next attempt to launch Artemis 1 mission is maybe on Friday.  The fact is that the new era of spaceflight is rising. New heavy-duty cargo systems like Artemis and Space-X's Starship are making history. 

They allow creating the new type of missions where large structures can assemble at the Earth and moon orbiters. The miniature shuttles can use as assistant systems that are putting the parts of the large-size structures in the right places. 

But why the Moon is an important thing for the next-generation space missions?

The space station that is on the moon's surface offers a good place to test the technology that is needed on Mars and farther. But another thing is that the Moon is needed for interplanetary flights for one reason. Interplanetary flights are based the nuclear-powered spacecraft. The nuclear reactor that is used in those missions is dangerous because radioactive material from those reactors can fall to Earth. 

Sending a nuclear reactor to the Moon's orbiter requires heavy cargo systems. The highly radioactive material that is needed as fuel in those reactors can launch to the moon's surface in multiple different launches. That minimizes the possibility that the nuclear material can leak to large areas in nature. 

Nuclear fuel can be stored in hard capsules and shot together with other parts of the Moon's orbiter. When only a minimum mass of fission material is shot in each launch, it minimizes the possibility of a large-scale nuclear disaster. 

The nuclear-powered rockets' parts can be put together at the Moon orbiter and the reactor can start behind the Moon. That denies radioactive debris to fall on Earth. 

The moon's orbiter is also in a very good position for larger space telescopes than James Webb. The service crews can use the Moon's surface for the storage of mirrors and other systems. The service for those large-scale and extremely expensive instruments can also make by using robot teams. The remote-control robots can change the mirrors of those telescopes that can be even larger than JWST. 

Image: https://scitechdaily.com/sunrise-for-the-moon-dawn-of-a-new-era-in-space-exploration/

https://webelieveinabrightfuture.blogspot.com/

How to build an underwater house.

Image source :
https://www.cntraveler.com/galleries/2016-07-09/11-coolest-underwater-hotels-in-the-world/2

Kimmo Huosionmaa

Today we can go to trip and take a room in the underwater hotel. There is no special technology needed when people build underwater experiment stations. Only normal tank what is used for oil storage is enough. That tank can drop to lake or sea by ship, and there might install snorkel system what makes possible to live in that undersea element for long period. If water is not very deep, even lightweight capsules will be enough to keep water out of the station.

The snorkel must make with two pipes which another brings fresh air to tank and other will use for removing that polluted air and exhaust gases what comes from pumps if they are used by combustion engines. Exactly the power supply in that system will be aggregate, what supplies electric power to that underwater house.

This particular system might use an invention called “closed cycle" combustion. In that system, exhausted gases go through the carbon filter, what cleans it from carbon monoxide. It also denies smell of exhausting gasses from the surface and allows the submarine to use diesel motors running deep undersea where it can’t use a snorkel.

By the way, there is another way to produce electricity for underwater stations, and it is the capillary turbine. In that system water what rises from deep accelerates turbines running wheel, and after that, it will roll dynamo or generator, what gives electric supply for that platform. If offshore oilrigs will equip with capillary turbines they might use electrolysis to break water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen, and if that technology will be used to produce hydrogen, the gas in tubes might change as hydrogen, without making any transformations for a tube system. That allows changing worlds power supply for using hydrogen as a fuel.

But let’s go back to underwater houses. Some plans are made, that old diesel-electric submarines will use as underwater bases. Those submarines will equip with pylons what allows it to stand on the ocean floor. There is one story about those underwater houses, or how this kind of system is called.

The story is about the escape of Nazi leader Martin Bormann. This story is that Bormann and some of his mates hides in one small lake in “Seehund" class midget submarine what had a snorkel system. The submarine stayed underwater all the time, and that, why allied patrols didn’t find that small submarine. In that story, this small submarine was brought to Wannsee by truck, and then this vehicle was used by that nazis hiding place.  But there are many stories about those men, and that one was fascinating things what is told about that man, who mystically disappeared after WW2.  

https://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/