The rocket that brings samples from Mars got its contractor. And that is Lockheed-Martin corporation.

Image 1)" This illustration shows a concept for a set of future robots working together to ferry back samples from the surface of Mars collected by NASA’s Mars Perseverance rover. Credit: NASA/ESA/JPL-Caltech" (ScitechDaily/NASA Selects Lockheed Martin Space To Build Rocket To Retrieve First Samples From Mars)

Lockheed-Martin took the contract for creating a rocket that brings the first samples from Mars. That launch will be the first that brings samples from other planets. The purpose of the mission is also to collect data for the first manned Mars mission.

 But that launch from another planet is same way remarkable as helicopter flight at Mars atmosphere. The rocket from Mars to Earth is the pathfinder for more difficult missions like bringing water samples from the icy moons of Jupiter. 

When we think about missions in the distant future. Those missions focused on more distant objects and planets like Neptune. There is needed a new type of technology to make the mission successful. 

Things like artificial intelligence are needed. To make the independently operating probes that can take the most interesting samples. The helicopter probes can mark places where their plasma spectrometers detect things like chlorophyll molecules. Or the independently operating helicopter can take samples from those points. The system that takes samples from Mars to Earth consists of three independent systems. 

The helicopter, the Perseverance rover, along with other rovers, and of course, the rocket are tools for that system. That rocket sends samples to Earth. And it can be similar to MGM-51 Lance tactical missile from the past. 

Image 2) MGM-52 Lance

And maybe some kind of laboratory vehicle where is more multi-use systems like scanning tunneling microscopes for pre-select samples that will load to rocket. Those samples are sent to Earth or Moon laboratories. That laboratory might connect to the launch platform of the rocket.

But that rocket must carry the fuel inside it for returning to Earth. Or it can use the electrolysis for breaking water on Mars. But that kind of system requires water. So the fuel and oxygen must load to rocket on Earth. The rocket itself can bases technology that is developed for tactical missiles like MGM-52 Lance or Pershing. The question is does that rocket use liquid or solid fuel. 

The moon-based laboratories must not be manned. The remote control modules can involve similar systems with BL-5 level laboratories. But on the Moon, those samples are not polluted. The remote-control systems make those modules easy to operate from Earth. 

Image 2)Daedalus spacecraft concept.

But of course, those samples can take to BL-5 laboratories that are needed to keep them sterile. If Earth bacteria infects those samples. They can cover or destroy the remains of life like Martian bacteria fossils.

The system that will travel to those distant planets is the probe that is controlled with highly sophisticated artificial intelligence. There might be man-looking robots onboard that are fixing errors and damages of those probes. The journey to Neptune takes a very long time and robot craft would not require that any person must stay years in the space. 

The probe for outer planets might look like Daedalus-probe that planned to send to Alpha Centauri. But for technical reasons that famous theoretical study project remains as the papers and drawings. Maybe someday in the future, that kind of plan turns to real space systems. And maybe that day is closer than we even think. If ten years ago somebody would say. Someday NASA will get samples from Mars to Earth that thing would claim pure fantasy. 

The system would be very independent. And it can select its samples itself. The capacity for independent operations is a key element for successful missions in Kuiper Belt. Those probes must select the target in seconds if they want to catch small asteroids that might be from other solar systems. After catching objects that seem interesting. The probe would put those asteroids in a cargo room and send them to Earth. 

And that is the final training for interstellar probes. The interstellar space probe is the thing that travels tens of years to stars. The technology that those missions require is similar. To that the probes that operate at the Kuiper belt require. 

https://scitechdaily.com/mars-ascent-vehicle-nasa-selects-lockheed-martin-space/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MGM-31_Pershing

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MGM-52_Lance

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Daedalus

Image 1)https://scitechdaily.com/mars-ascent-vehicle-nasa-selects-lockheed-martin-space/

Image 2) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MGM-52_Lance

Image 3)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Daedalus

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

Writing about interplanetary flight

https://gamesandtehories.blogspot.com/

Kimmo Huosionmaa

When we are thinking about nuclear thermal rocket propulsion and Mars-flights, we are facing the solution called "Orion". This nuclear-powered rocket could travel interplanetary routes by using small nuclear bombs for giving thrust to those devices. The idea is that neutron bombs would be fired behind that spacecraft, and that would give it extremely high speed because the radioactive particles would push spacecraft forward.

One of the ideas is to use machine-gun, what is loaded with bullets, what are made by using the highly enriched radioactive material, and they would shoot thru the electric arc, what would cause fission in that ammunition, what would give thrust to that thing. But the problem is to create the electricity for that spacecraft. Spacecraft would always need also electricity for its systems.

That's why the main engine solution for that journey was chosen NERVA (Nuclear Energy Rocket Vehicle Application), what is like a normal rocket, but it is nuclear reactor inside. The NERVA solution deletes the dead weight and the nuclear power would give also thrust for braking. In this situation, the nuclear rocket would turn to give thrust to forward, and this brake the spacecraft.  The most modern version of the spacecraft, what would be used to travel other planets is the hybrid system.

The nuclear reactor, what uses the closed-cycle cooling system would give the needed electricity for the electric systems of the spacecraft. And also at the beginning of the journey can be used the same methodology with "Orion". In the back of the Interplanetary spacecraft would be installed the plate, and the nuclear bomb would send this spacecraft in the very high speed.

And then the system would transfer to use NERVA or WARP-system, what could give extremely high speed for spacecraft. WARP is actually the particle accelerator, what is connected to the spacecraft, and what sucks ions from the space thru it. There is a theory, that this kind of device could someday break the cosmic speed limit. Traveling faster than light is basically a very simple thing. The spacecraft would accelerate to the speed of light and inside it, something would be accelerate to higher speed.

In some theories, this kind of thing would be the magnetic rail, what would accelerate some particles to the 20% of the speed of light, and it would be launched when spacecraft will travel precisely the speed of light. This thing would make by installing the particle accelerator in the spacecraft, what uses WARP, and the accelerator would shoot the atoms forward when the speed of the spacecraft would be high enough. Sometimes has been discussed the opportunity to use electromagnetic radiation for the breaking the light wall. The thing, what makes electromagnetic radiation so fascinating is that there is no thrust and that thing would not need any ions, what would give retard for the spaceship.  This kind of spacecraft is still at the theoretical level, but maybe they are someday in use and travel to other planets.

The thing, what makes this kind of electromagnetic devices more interesting, than NERVA, is that they don't need the different propellant for giving thrust, and this means that the system would be lighter. But as we know the interplanetary travel is extremely difficult. The WARP-craft would give solution for traveling in our own solar system. But that system needs very strong magnets to work properly, and that means that the only thing, what is needed is a nuclear reactor.

Bad day for people, who are trying to limit weapons

Armalite AR-15
(Picture I)

https://kirjabloggaus.blogspot.com/


Kimmo Huosionmaa

The composite made pistols are the very good way to get bad weapons, but as you might understand, even flare guns, what are sold to free time sailors are dangerous in wrong hands. If somebody shoots another person with an emergency rocket that causes bad injuries. But those flare guns can shoot also shotgun ammunition, but those are single-use solutions for experimental use.


Those composite weapons are the really bad thing, but if the user is some kind of drug dealer or robber, those people would use this kind of single used weapons in their illegal actions. But when we are talking about people, who have technical skills and motive to make a different kind of things, those persons can modify the MIG welding machine to the 3D printer in theory quite easily.


They must just take the controlling circuit from the standard 3D-printer and then connect it to the welding machine, and then they must put that thing to the rail, what allows it to move, and of course, there is needed the thing, what allows this system move vertically. That kind of things are actually very expensive, but if somebody would want to begin the gun dealer and sell illegal weapons, those persons may have money for those things.


The problem is that criminals don't need high-quality guns. They need guns, what they can destroy after use, and the normal stuff, what drug dealers use is something like modified start-pistols, what are made for giving authority. If they have used those guns, they just throw it away. And this is the problem with guns. The persons, who make crimes don't care about the laws.


Nobody wants to say that they sell guns to terrorists, but those organizations have guns. They are sometimes illegally produced stuff, what is so bad work, that there is no change to hit the target. But as you see, even the M-16 can modify to use AK-47 ammunition. This is the problem with guns. Even if the firearm looks like something, the parts of it can be changed.


In some cases, there are claiming, that the assault weapons have been claimed to be paintball weapons and anybody can put the paintball gun texts to normal assault gun. That thing doesn't need any technical skills, and then our man would claim that the Armalite is actually for some paintball games.  In those cases, neighbors would not notice, that the person has the powerful handgun in the home, and they would not report that to the police.

Picture I

https://s3.amazonaws.com/mgm-content/sites/armslist/uploads/posts/2015/10/28/4814045_01_psa_ar_15_5_56_with_lots_of_ex_640.jpg

The space trains would transfer the man to the Mars in two days if they would work

(Picture 1)

Kimmo Huosionmaa

https://futurism.com/space-train-concept-could-get-humans-to-mars-in-two-days-if-only-it-would-work/

Above this text is the link for the article, what is written about space trains. The space trains are the fictional spacecraft, what may someday travel in our solar system, and they would not ever stop to the planets orbiter. The needed power of the trip, what would take mankind to Mars in two days those spaceships would get from gravity sling for accelerating their speed. In this scenario, the spaceship would send to the solar system by using conventional rockets. And when it would obtain planets like Mars, then the planet’s gravity would increase the speed of that spacecraft.


When the spacecraft would turn to the Sun, the gravity field of the Sun would be used to increase the speed, and then the trajectory would target to the Jupiter and Saturn. The good thing of that vehicle is that it would use only the gravity field of the planets to increase the speed, and first, the speed might be quite slow, but after a couple of years, this spacecraft would be used to transfer the people and equipment across the Solar system. In the scenario, the space train would accelerate without people couple of years in the interplanetary space. When the speed would be high enough the people would move in that capsule, what might offer the space, where are houses and artificial gravity. This would be done by using centrifugal force to make artificial gravity field.


The idea of this spacecraft would be that the cargo would pack to the modules, what would be delivered to the Solar system. And when something wanted to send back to Earth, the module would fly to the spacecraft, and then it would dock to that spacecraft. If this kind of space trains would sometimes be possible it can be used to conquer all solar system. This kind of things is very simple solutions because there is no need for nuclear rockets. And the need for propellant is quite small, the rockets are needed only for changing course of that spacecraft.The electricity for those life support systems is of course made by using nuclear reactors. Also series of RTG:s (Radio Thermal Generator) can be used in smaller scale vehicles.

Sources:

https://futurism.com/space-train-concept-could-get-humans-to-mars-in-two-days-if-only-it-would-work/

Picture 1:

https://www.sciencealert.com/images/articles/processed/SolarexpressHeader_1024.jpg


https://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/

http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/the-space-trains-would-transfer-man-to.html