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Why can this exoplanet be bigger than its star?




When we are thinking about fusion the main problem with fusion reactor is the whirling of plasma. Whirls in monopolar plasma cause the ions are going too far from each other that nuclear fusion can start. In stars, the large mass and massive gravitation cause the whirling of plasma will end because of massive pressure. And that stable plasma can form nuclear fusion. 

But what causes nuclear fusion in red and brown dwarfs? The thing is that the dwarf stars are products of the extremely old interplanetary nebulas. So there might be bipolar plasma in those stars. In bipolar plasma, the opposite polar ions will pull each other together. And that thing makes the bonds in that plasma ball stronger. The electromagnetic force pulls the ions closer to each other if the plasma is bipolar. The extremely small stars are researched because they can give a tip on what kind of conditions must be made for a fully functioning fusion reactor. 


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Tokamak reactor





Tokamak reactor could use plus and minus ions that are shot against each other. That thing could make it possible to create a nuclear fusion reactor that can begin the fusion at a lower temperature. In that model, the kinetic energy of the ions will replace part of the thermal energy that is delivered from lasers. So the temperature in torus can keep lower during the start. But the lasers and magnetic fields that are pressing the plasma are still needed. The kinetic energy will just increase the energy level in the reactor. 

One of the models for the Tokamak reactor would be an "8"-shaped structure. In that structure, positive and negative ion rays will connect in the middle of the track. Those ions will impact each other and that thing can create nuclear fusion. 

Sometimes is introduced that in the Tokamak- or donut-shaped particle accelerators two different polar ion rays (positive and negative ions) will pull to orbit against each other. That thing causes ion impacts in the Tokamak. And that thing can boost by increasing the temperature and pressure in the reactor. So using the positive and negative ions would be possible to make a breakthrough in the fusion system development. 



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The size of a planet can be bigger than the star that it orbits. 




Image 2:) https://www.universetoday.com/25348/what-is-the-smallest-star/


The size of a planet can be bigger than the star that it orbits. The smallest known brown dwarfs are smaller than Jupiter or even Saturn. But they are heavier than those planets. There is the possibility that some kins of GRB (Gamma-Ray Burst) or FRB (Fast Radio Burst) started nuclear fusion in some giant gas planets and turned those objects into extremely small stars.

The difference between red and brown dwarfs is that in red dwarfs nuclear reactions continue all the time. And in brown dwarfs, the nuclear fusion happens simultaneously. But fusion is not happening all the time. The nuclear fusion pushes the core of the brown dwarf outside. That thing decreases the pressure and temperature inside brown dwarfs and then the size of those objects starts to decrease. When the temperature and pressure in the brown dwarfs increase nuclear fusion starts again. 

The mass of the planet means more than just its size. The mass of the object must be high enough that the nuclear fusion inside it can begin. Another thing that has a big effect is the makeup of the elements in the object. If there are lots of silicone and heavy particles nuclear fusion cannot start. 

But there is the possibility that if the protostar is too close to another star. That star causes whirls inside the gas. The whirls cause the plasma cannot pile up. The temperature of whirling plasma can be very high but whirls deny the forming nucleus of the plasma. That means the electromagnetic force of the plasma that forms the monopolar ions would go too far from each other. And that denies the forming of nuclear fusion. Or the small star simply pulls the nucleus of the protostar away. 


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