For the first time in history, the DOE fusion test laboratory created more energy than it used in fusion.

The fusion test laboratory used less energy than fusion produced. The DOE press publication introduces the NIF (National Ignition Facility)  laboratory that used 2,05 MJ (Megajoules) in the test where fusion produced 3,15 MJ. That thing was not much. But the best result is that test proved that the self-sustaining commercial fusion reactor is possible. That energy burst broke systems. 

And it was not last a long time. But that test shows that there is possible to create a controllable fusion reaction. The problem with fusion is how to control it. The non-controlled fusion devices or so-called hydrogen bombs that create non-controlled fusion reactions were invented in the 1950s. The problem with a fusion reactor is how to control that reaction. 

There are three ways to control fusion. 

*The control system adjusts the fuel dump to the reactor. When the energy level of the reaction turns too high the system reduces the fuel flow. Controlling the fusion by adjusting the fuel flow is difficult. If the system shuts down the fuel injection that thing shuts down fusion. The thing is not good for self-sustaining fusion that should release energy for years. 

*The problem is that if the energy impulse from the fusion reactor has too high power, it destroys the entire system. There is the possibility that the system uses Bose-Einstein condensate to transfer energy out from the fusion that turns too hot. 

The Bose-Einstein condensate can pull energy out from fusion. And that can limit the damage that impulses with too high an energy level can cause. The problem with Bose-Einstein condensate as an adjusting tool is that there is a needed large mass of those things. 

In some visions, the Bose-Einstein condensate or anyons the particles that are at the lowest energy level in Universe will inject into the fusion explosions. That thing means. The energy from that fusion reaction will transfer to the anyons or Bose-Einstei condensate. 

*The more complicated system uses counter radiation. The use of counter-radiation makes it possible to push energy back to the middle of the reactor. 

And that thing makes the energy flow to the sensor more gentle than without that counter radiation. The counter radiation system makes it possible to use less accurate fuel injection systems. 

The counter radiation or counter energy system uses counter wave motion that pulls energy out from the outcoming energy waves. The counter-radiation systems are in use in active stealth jamming systems. 

Jamming or controlling nuclear weapons is not more difficult than jamming radio waves. But the problem is how to make enough powerful counter wave that can turn nuclear weapon's energy away. 

The counter-radiation systems can someday use to control even nuclear explosions. The counterwaves can turn even the hydrogen bomb's energy away but the problem is that the system must make extremely high power counter-wave in a short moment. 

The plasma in a fusion reactor is hotter than the sun. So that temperature makes plasma hard to control. If plasma hits the reactor's wall, it destroys the reactor immediately. When the fusion begins the system will release lots of energy. In that case, the system tries to control the energy blast by pushing it back to the middle of the reactor. 

So the most important thing is the relation between outcoming energy and counter energy that limits energy impact on the reactor's wall. The outcoming energy must be weaker because it must let the radiation impact the power output unit that transforms fusion energy into electricity. The counterwave base control of the fusion is one of the things that can make the fusion turn commercial. 

https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-national-laboratory-makes-history-achieving-fusion-ignition

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bose%E2%80%93Einstein_condensate

https://yle.fi/a/3-12684377

The shape of the fusion reactor meant something.

 

Image 1)

When we are thinking about ion fusion, where ions with plus and minus polarities are impacting together, we must realize that there is one problem. If all ions have the same polarity. They are repelling each other. So the magnetic field must push those ions together. And then an ignition laser will pull those ions together. If we will inject the different polar ions into the Tokamak reactor that magnetic field will pull another ion cloud to the walls of the accelerators. 

The system can use a similar structure to NIF (National Ignition Facility). In the middle of the ball, the system sprays a cloud of positive ions. Then magnets start to press that positive ion cloud. And after that, the negative ions will shoot to that chamber by using a particle accelerator. The beam of negative ions will impact that glimpse of positive ions. And the laser rays will increase the energy of that system until fusion starts. 

The Images in the diagram above are

1) Traditional Tokamak

2) Tokamak includes two acceleration lines. The system will impact positive and negative ion beams at the crossing point. 

3) NIF-type or ball-shaped reactor. The cloud of positive ions will press together by using a positive magnetic field. Then negative ions will inject into the ball and they impact with positive ions. 

4) Ball-shaped chamber. Positive and negative ions will be driven to the chamber from opposite directions.

5) The linear accelerator where negative and positive ions are shot to impact tracks. 

Or we can use another structure. There is the possibility that using accelerators that are making ion beams cross each other allows the ion beams that have different polarity can impact each other. In that case, the ions that have different polarity pull each other to impact course. 

In another version, the system uses two linear accelerators. The accelerators or ion cannons are shooting ions in the fusion chamber from both sides of the chamber. The reaction chamber itself would be neutral. And particle accelerators shoot those plus and minus ions to that chamber. The laser rays or some other electromagnetic radiation can increase the temperature of that fusion system. 

https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-60312633

https://scitechdaily.com/nuclear-fusion-energy-breakthrough-ignition-confirmed-in-record-1-3-megajoule-shot/

Image: 1)https://scitechdaily.com/images/Tokamak-Components.jpg

https://informationnevervanishes.blogspot.com/

The fusion energy is coming.

Fusion energy is one of the most interesting versions of energy production. The problem is that this reactor requires deuterium and tritium for the fusion. The term "heavy water" means that the hydrogen is turned to its heavier isotopes deuterium and tritium. But there is so small number of those isotopes in the water. 

In hydrogen bombs, lithium deuteride creates, deuterium and tritium when it's shot with neutrons. But deuterium and tritium can produce from water by stressing it with radiation. In nature, 0,015% of hydrogen is in deuterium form. 

So vaporized lithium deuteride can use in fusion reactors the same way. The radiation stress would turn lithium 6 deuteride into deuterium and tritium. The vacuum allows vaporizing the lithium deuteride. And then that vaporized lithium deuteride can be driven to a tokamak-type donut-shaped reactor. 

When a fusion reaction is started. The reactor's radiation can use to produce deuterium and tritium. The bottle of water will take near the fusion reactor. And then the radiation of that reactor should turn the hydrogen in that water to deuterium and tritium. In laboratories, deuterium and tritium are formed by stressing water by using X-ray machines.

In the universe, the deuterium is forming in the nuclear fusion of stars.  But there is no chemical reaction that can form the deuterium or tritium. There is the possibility to create tritium by using neutron radiation. In that case, the neutron flow would impact deuterium. And the deuterium traps neutron and turns to tritium. 

In the production of those heavier isotopes of hydrogen, the neutron or two neutrons in the case of tritium must connect to the proton. Producing tritium by using Helium 3 is impossible because there are two protons and one neutron in Helium 3. The tritium involves two neutrons and one proton. 

But in nature heavy water is forming when cosmic radiation hits the water. In that reaction, the hydrogen turns to deuterium and tritium. This reaction is extremely slow. But when we are thinking possibility to take the water tanks to the edge of the atmosphere. There is the possibility to stress the water by using cosmic radiation.

Researchers can make it by using balloons or high-flying aircraft. The high-flying stratospheric aircraft can take water bottles to the upper atmosphere. 

There is the possibility to use the fission reactor to create deuterium and tritium. In that case, the water bottle will be put in the nuclear reactor. And then the neutron radiation can turn the water into heavy water. So the nuclear reactor will turn the hydrogen atoms in water be deuterium and tritium. But the most economical version is to benefit the fusion reactor's radiation for making those hydrogen isotopes. 

https://quillette.com/2022/02/21/fusion-power-is-coming/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuterium

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium-3

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_hydride

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermonuclear_weapon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tritium

For the first time probe has touched the Sun.

 

 For the first time probe has touched the Sun. 

NASA Parker probe has been dive in the Sun. That probe used interesting technology that helped to keep it cool. There could be possible to make the probe dive even deeper by using a magnetic field that pushes the plasma away from the probe. That would decrease the interaction between the probe and the plasma that comes from the Sun. 

The reason why Parker was sent to its mission. Is that it should collect data from the solar wind. The solar wind is high-energetic plasma that can destroy spacecraft. But there is another reason why close contact with the Sun is needed. The mission of probes like Parker is to collect data for the fusion tests. The power source of the Sun is fusion reaction. And the close contact with the Sun is the thing that can help to model the conditions that are making fusion possible. 

In some visions, the probes like Parker can collect antimatter from the solar atmosphere. The probe would travel to the sun.  Then that antimatter collector dives deep into the corona. Then it could open the solar sail and solar wind can push the probe back to Earth. 

Antimatter production is extremely expensive. And the probe could create it by putting the beta particles of the solar wind impact with gold leaf. Antimatter can use in fusion reactors to start the fusion reaction. 

The antimatter is creating an extremely high energy load. And that energy can use for starting and maintaining fusion reactions. The antimatter can make annihilate with material around the plasma-ring at Tokamak-type reactors. And that energy dose can start a fusion reaction. And it can raise the temperature after certain periods. The use of antimatter is to boost the fusion reaction in the fusion reactors. 

When the fusion reactor will start to turn too cold small dose of antimatter can turn the temperature to the needed level. The problem with the fusion rector is that the needed temperature is higher than in the Sun's nucleus. In the fusion reactors, the pressure of the nucleus of the sun must compensate by rising temperature to so high level. That the heat replaces missing pressure.  

The use of antimatter is one of the answers to how to create enough energy for starting self-maintaining fusion. But the high price would limit the use of antimatter for that purpose. So antimatter can collect from space. 

https://scitechdaily.com/parker-solar-probe-for-the-first-time-in-history-a-spacecraft-has-touched-the-sun/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak

https://likeinterstellartravelingandfuturism.blogspot.com/