The cosmic inflation. And the thing that shouldn't be.

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Image 2) 

Image 1) This is what cosmic inflation should be. The universe's expansion should accelerate all the time because the gravitational effect turns weaker when the distance of particles increases. 

Image 2) This is what cosmic inflation is... The universe's expansion is too slow. That means theory and reality don't match. The image below is the theoretical model of the acceleration of the universe's expansion should be faster than it is. And that means we should re-estimate the cosmic inflation. 

The image on the top is what the universe's expansion should be. And the second image is what the expansion looks like. So that is the thing that some astronomers want to rule out cosmic inflation. The expansion of the universe is not as strong as it should be. 

And that causes problems. So there is the fixed model of cosmic inflation. In that model the inflation is two-staged.

1) Just after the Big Bang. Cosmic inflation was extremely powerful. In the young universe were particles that do not exist anymore. 

And those particles like photons with mass or "massive photons". When the universe turns colder those particles are destroyed. Or they turned to wave movement. That means the dark energy is the remnant of those particles. 

2) Cosmic inflation continues in modern times. But it's slower. The thing that causes this expansion is the dark energy or remnant of the ancient particles. The problem is that the acceleration of the expansion should be stronger than it is. If researchers can fix that model. That opens the way to dark energy and helps to create a more complete model of cosmology. 

The theory of dark energy is interesting. The question is why that wave movement doesn't cause visible interaction. Why does nothing resonate with that strange wave movement that rips the universe and cosmological theories in pieces? 

There is the possibility that the wavelength of that wave movement is so long that we just cannot see that resonance. So dark energy could be wave movement that is invisible because its wavelength is extremely long. Or the wavelength of the dark energy is extremely short. That means it could affect only the single superstring. That form quarks.

 Or it can resonate some part of gluons. In that model, the interaction between dark energy happens in the gluons. If gluon is a polar particle. It sends extra energy. That dark energy brings it to quarks. If those gluons or transmitter particles of a strong nuclear force are at the line of hypothetical poles of quarks. 

The existence of cosmic inflation is almost confirmed. Cosmic inflation means that the space's size to material expands. When the size of the universe expands the distance between particles grows. And because the distance between particles grows the gravitational effect and interaction between particles turn weaker. So the universe's expansion speed should accelerate. 

Another thing is that. Cosmic inflation is not what it should be. The expansion of the universe is not accelerating as fast as it should. The speed of acceleration is slower than it should be. That means there is too much material or too little energy in the system. 

When we think about the universe's geometrical shape the most common theory is that universe is flat or hyperbolic. The spheric universe is the only geometrical shape of the universe that will collapse. So the probability that the universe ends its fate in an expansion that continues forever is 1/3. But if the universe's origin is the Big Bang. 

"The local geometry of the universe is determined by whether the density parameter Ω is greater than, less than, or equal to 1".

"From top to bottom: a spherical universe with Ω > 1, a hyperbolic universe with Ω < 1, and a flat universe with Ω = 1. These depictions of two-dimensional surfaces are merely easily visualizable analogs to the 3-dimensional structure of (local) space". (Wikipedia.com/Shape of the universe)

The collapse of the universe requires that Ω > 1. That means there is a small possibility that the open universe can also be positive curvature. In that model, the universe would be like the bite of the spheric structure. 

If Ω = 1, the universe is flat.

If Ω > 1, the universe is positive curvature.

If Ω < 1, the universe is negative curvature.

That means the universe could be spheric. But if we think that the universe is flat, and the shape of the flat universe is like a disc. We can think that the universe's ultimate fate is not so easy to describe. There is a possibility that inside the universe are the sub-structures that can collapse even if the majority of material would continue its expansion forever.  

Or if we think that the Big Bang was a similar effect to the supernova. The Big Bang could form the time glass-shaped structure. That means the Big Bang along with the Schwinger effect formed two universes. But what was the Big Bang? Was it some kind of explosion in dark matter? That means the Big Bang was an event where the material reach a certain energy level. 

Dark matter or dark gravitation is the thing that made researchers believe in a big crunch. But then the dark energy caused the most common theory in cosmology is that the ultimate end of the universe is a big silence. That means the universe will continue its expansion forever. But then we must ask why cosmic inflation doesn't match with predictions. 

When we look at the cosmic timeline. We are facing one interesting question. Is there something that can push the universe from outside? Could there be something so powerful source of radiation outside the universe that it can affect the entirety?

If that hypothetical radiation source exists this thing can explain both dark matter and dark energy. The idea is that hypothetical radiation that comes outside the universe pushes objects and particles to the center of the universe. Then in the middle of the universe is forming a standing wave movement or some kind of tornado. That pushes this hypothetical radiation outside of the center of the universe. 

The fact is this nobody has ever seen that kind of radiation source. If the multiverse or another universe existed. That thing explains lots of things. But we must see another universe. Before, we can build that kind of model. The multiverse theory is not a theory. It's the philosophical logical series. 

Another universe could be a giant cloud of dark matter. But that thing is more philosophy than scientific theory.  

The idea of that theory is simple. Because we always are found new and larger structures like galaxy groups and cosmic web the logical step would be that there are other universes. But as I just wrote nobody saw another universe yet. Another universe would be another step in the series of mega- and Giga structures. The problem is that if the size of subatomic particles of another universe is different than visible material. Those universes would remain dark. 

https://astronomy.com/magazine/news/2021/01/the-beginning-to-the-end-of-the-universe-inflating-the-universe

https://www.space.com/18811-multiple-universes-5-theories.html

https://www.space.com/32728-parallel-universes.html

https://www.thebrighterside.news/post/harvard-and-cambridge-astrophysicists-solve-the-mystery-of-cosmic-inflation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_of_the_universe

https://shorttextsofoldscholars.blogspot.com/

The expansion of the universe directly impacts the growth of black holes.

Black holes grow along with the expansion of the universe. And there could be some reason for that thing. The first in the introduction for that phenomenon is that some radiation like Hawking radiation has something to do with that thing. 

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If Black holes grow along with the expansion of the universe there must be some connection with the growth of black holes. And the expansion of the universe.

The key question is: Is the thing that causes the growth of the black holes pulling or pushing? We know that there is a connection between the expansion of the universe and the growth of black holes.

1) Does the radiation that comes from black holes push the edge of the visible universe away?

2) Or does the freezing or the decreasing the energy level of the quantum fields of the universe cause that quantum fields cannot limit the size of the black holes. 

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Is the radiation of black holes pushing the edge of the universe away? And cause expansion of the universe?

So black holes are pushing the edge of the universe away. And the second one of that there is something that pulls black holes larger when the size of the visible universe grows. If the first choice is right, that thing means that when the black holes are growing their edge is closing the edge of the universe. And then some kind of radiation that comes from the black hole is interacting with the edge of the visible universe. 

And that radiation that can be the Hawking radiation will interact with the edge of the visible universe pushing it away. So does that radiation affect straight to visible material or does that thing affect the dark matter or some unknown particles ahead of the edge of the visible universe? 

The thing is that the black holes are also pulling dark matter inside them. And then the dark matter sends invisible radiation. To the particles that are at the edge of the visible universe. 

Or maybe the gravitational waves are pushing particles away from the center of the universe. There is the theory that gravitation is the wave movement that can push particles away. If the curve of the wave movement turned straight. That means the speed of the wave movement can be enormous. But the thing is that nobody has ever seen straight wave movement. 

But what if the expansion of the universe pulls black holes larger? 

In that situation the answer for the connection between the expansion of the universe. And the growth of black holes. Is that the expansion of the universe pulls black holes bigger. The explanation for this thing. Is that while the universe expands the quantum fields inside the universe are turning weaker. 

While the size of the universe is growing the energy level inside that ball what we call the universe is turning lower. That thing means. That is the force of the quantum fields. That is limiting the growth of the black holes is turning weaker. When the force of those quantum fields is lowing the size of black holes is growing. 

And that thing causes an interesting idea of the ultimate fate of the universe. Maybe when the power of the quantum fields is low enough that thing causes the explosion of the billions of black holes. And that explosion releases energy and wave movement that causes that the wave movement turns into particles. 

https://phys.org/news/2021-11-expansion-universe-impacts-black-hole.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expansion_of_the_universe

https://writingsaboutmysteries.blogspot.com/

The Big Bang. And the expansion of the universe.

So does the universe expand faster than light? The question is interesting. If we are using two photons released in the Big Bang and which are traveling in the opposite direction the virtual speed of the expansion is 2X the speed of light. Another thing that can travel faster than light is the quantum field of the first particles that were released from the Big Bang. 

Sometimes is introduced the idea that only one particle caused the big bang. The energy of the thing that exploded was extremely high. And around that object was the zero-energetic universe. So if the thing that released the material was vaporizing the black hole that eruption was very rough. But when the first particle materialized to an empty universe nothing limited the expansion of its quantum field. 

The fact is that we don't know the shape of the Big Bang. If we think that the Big Bang was behave like a black hole that means the shape of the big bang can be like a galaxy. So there is the disk around that point. Or maybe the shape of the released material was like a stick. That means the universe is not like the ball. 

And that has caused an idea. That some kind of particle that formed in the wave-particle duality pulled the black hole to the universe. When the particle dropped in the black hole. That was the remaining of the old universe. Caused that the energy started to flow to the zero-energetic area. So there is the possibility that the form of the was like beam more than the symmetric ball. But those things are purely hypotheses. 

"The local geometry of the universe is determined by whether the density parameter Ω is greater than, less than, or equal to 1. From top to bottom: a spherical universe with Ω > 1, a hyperbolic universe with Ω < 1, and a flat universe with Ω = 1. These depictions of two-dimensional surfaces are merely easily visualizable analogs to the 3-dimensional structure of (local) space". (Wikipedia/Shape of the universe). 

Only if the  Ω > 1, the gravity wins and the result is the big crunch. In other ways, the universe expands forever and the end of it is a big silence. 

The expansion of the universe is the thing. That causes the quantum fields of the material are turning bigger. And that thing means that sooner or later tachyons would break the core of the protons and neutrons. Their movement trajectory will turn so big that it's the end of the proton and neutron. So the term expansion of the universe also means the cooling of the universe. And that can turn to decrease the energy level of the universe. 

So the expansion of universe=cooling of the universe=decrease the energy level of the universe. 

Was universe someday looked like this? The image portrays the Sombrero-galaxy. And if this is the shape of the universe that means we are living in an open universe. (Image: Pinterest)

Where did the Big Bang happen?

In the past, people believed that there is the center of the universe. But modern science has rejected that idea. A simplified model of the universe is that is the ball that expands forever. or until the gravity wins. But now we know that the universe is much more complicated than some ball-shape thing. There are things like dark matter and dark energy that are making determine the location of the Big Bang very difficult or even impossible. But maybe quantum computers help to locate that place by using the data that is got by using the most modern technology. But until that happens the "center of the universe remains as myth". 

This is the thing that made Edwin Hubble define the form of the Universe. Hubble thought that the universe is the ball. And the point where the Big Bang happened is the center of that ball. This is the simplified answer to the good question. Then somebody asks where cosmologists get their salary? At that point, the answer to the question of where the Big Bang happened is not so simple as we first thought. The fact is that we just predict that the form of the universe is a ball. The reason for that is the Big Bang theory. Because all material that we know is released in the Big Bang from a certain point that means the universe is the ball. 

Or expanding ball that expands until the gravity wins the kinetic energy that the material got from the Big Bang. The thing is that if we could see all energy that model would be very good. But the dark energy means that defining the geometric form of the Universe is more difficult than we ever thought. If the universe is the ball the gravity wins. And everything ends in the big crunch. But the dark energy is ripping the universe in pieces. And over 80% of material is invisible to us. 

Even if the material of the universe is forming the ball. There is the possibility that there is lots of material outside the visible material of the universe and the role of that material is crucial if we are thinking about the form of the universe. There is the possibility that outside the ball of the galaxies are the material clouds. That are forming "wings" or "layers" outside the galactic core of the universe. And that means the universe that seems nice and clean ball would be hyperbolic or flat. And if the form of the universe is flat or hyperbolic the expansion continues forever. 

So the expansion of the universe continues. The thing that we are calling "expansion" means that galaxies distance themselves from each other. But now we know that some galaxies are also traveling to each other. And the Milky Way will impact with Andromeda galaxy somewhere in the future. But the question is does the universe expand. The thing is that the distance between galaxies is getting longer. 

Edwin Hubble created the idea that observing the redshift of galaxies is possible to determine if the galaxy is on the opposite side of the universe. And the galaxy in which redshift is strongest is traveling opposite side to us. But we are not sure what is outside that point. The space continues outside the observable material. 

()https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

()https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

()https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_center_of_the_Universe

()https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redshift

()https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_of_the_universe

()https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

()https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe

()https://kimmoswritings.blogspot.com/