Showing posts with label model. Show all posts
Showing posts with label model. Show all posts

Friday, April 17, 2026

Newtonian and Einstein models are still useful tools.



The Einstein and Newtonian gravitational principles are still “hard stuff”. And today, we can say that all gravitational models are suitable. If they are used with a certain scale. The Newtonian models are suitable for calculating interactions between large-scale objects, like planets. The quantum gravitational models are suitable for calculating the interactions of the smallest particles in the universe. 

The fact is that. Those models are hard to connect. So, we can say that the Newtonian gravity, the Theory of Relativity, and quantum mechanical models would make the GUT (Grand Unified Theory) and the TOE (Theory of Everything) possible. The problem is that. We don’t know. If it's the gravity. Only one force. Or is it a collection of many forces? When we think about the structure of the planets, there are multi-trillion atoms. Each atom has an electron shell. And core with protons and neutrons. Those protons and neutrons involve quarks. So why can't we connect quantum gravitation with the Newtonian model? 

The reason for that is simple. We don’t know every part of complex material structures. The quarks and electrons are the only elementary particles on the planet. But then. We must realize that the bonds that connect quarks into protons and neutrons. And bonds between protons and neutrons can also act as part of the gravity effect. Those bonds between those baryons are like quantum tornadoes. Those quantum tornadoes bind energy into them. Another thing that we forget is the centrifugal force. That force pushes objects out of the surface of the spinning objects. But there is more about that thing at the end of the text. 

The fact is that we should find out. The existence of a graviton. There is a model of the graviton. It is that graviton, it's the quantum-sized black hole. The elementary particles are quantum fields around those gravitons. So, the matter is the halo around those quantum-scale back holes. And maybe those quantum-sized black holes can form the bonds between quarks. Those bonds are the quantum tornadoes between elementary particles. This means that those bonds are. A little bit like the mythical wormholes. Channels through space and time. 

The wormhole was introduced by Albert Einstein and Nathan Rosen. The theoretical wormhole is the channel, or a tornado, across space and time. The wormhole can form between superpositioned and enangled black holes. But. The structure would be similar to the bonds that connect. Those quarks together into protons and neutrons, or bonds that form between baryons. And then, similar, but larger quantum tornadoes form chemical bonds. So, the wormhole would be the long-distance bond between two black holes. 



“A wormhole visualized as a two-dimensional surface. Route (a) is the shortest path through normal space between points 1 and 2; route (b) is a shorter path through a wormhole.” (Wikipedia, Wormhole)


“In particle physics, the electroweak interaction or electroweak force is the unified description of two of the fundamental interactions of nature: electromagnetism (electromagnetic interaction) and the weak interaction. Although these two forces appear very different at everyday low energies. The theory.  Models them as two different aspects of the same force. Above the unification energy, on the order of 246 GeV, they would merge into a single force. Thus, if the temperature is high enough – approximately 1015 K – then the electromagnetic force and weak force merge into a combined electroweak force.” (Wikipedia, Electroweak interaction)


So could all fundamental interactions be the same force? That affects only in different-sized areas. 


From electroweak to strong interaction that interacts with electroweak through the Z boson. The reaction goes like this. Gluon>Z boson>W boson> and gravity. But then we miss the graviton. That existence is not proven.  

And maybe the same structures can form those bonds between protons and neutrons. In models, the bonds between protons and neutrons form when some structure (like a free quark, or some kind of black hole) forms the quantum low-pressure between neutrons and protons. This thing forms the W and Z bosons that orbit that structure between protons and neutrons. And that forms the quantum low-pressure that keeps those particles in the one structure. 

The W boson. It can transmit energy between electromagnetism and weak nuclear interaction. So, could the Z-boson have an ability to transmit energy between the W boson and gluons, which transport strong nuclear interaction? The reason for. Why. Electromagnetic interaction. Seems stronger than strong interaction is this. The effective area of electromagnetic interaction is larger. The strong interaction forms a wave movement that affects very small structures. This means that the radiation that affects a small area can tunnel through even an elementary particle. 

Is it possible? That's when we try to create TOE and GUT theories? We simply forget that things like bonds between particles also bind energy. That means those bonds have an effect on the gravity. The idea is that the gravitation forms when some structure binds energy or quantum fields. Quantum field. It is a common name for gravitational, electromagnetic, weak, and strong nuclear interactions. 

Another thing that we sometimes forget is that electrons orbit the atom’s core. During that process, the electrons sometimes send a photon. That forms a lower energy point on the electron. In that case, the quantum field tries to fill that point. And in models, the gravitation. Forms when some structure binds some quantum field. The outcome field tries to fill that point. And particles ride with those fields. 

So when those superstrings or quantum tornadoes pull quarks together, that thing can cause a situation where those things pull energy from around them. The bond, or string. That pulls quarks and hadrons together. When those strings spin, they act like tornadoes. They form the electromagnetic (”quantum”) low-pressure inside them. The tornado aims energy at the quantum field that surrounds quarks. And forms protons and neutrons. The “low-pressure” in those tornadoes pulls those particles together. 

So. That means that part of gravitation should form in those strings. In the same way. Larger-scale molecular structures. Pull energy into them. And that is the thing that forms the gravitational effect. The idea in those models is that. Something binds energy. And because that forms the lower energy area. Outcoming energy “tries” to fill that point. The term quantum field is the common name for all four fundamental interactions: gravity and electromagnetism. And weak and strong nuclear forces. 

Then we must realize that things. Like centrifugal force. Has some kind of effect on gravity. The fact is that it's possible that centrifugal force has a quantum twin. The quantum version of this force could form because the whisk-shape structure that forms the shell of the particle forms quantum-low-pressure around the fast-spinning particle. Those small (Quantum) voids pull photons out from the particle. That thing pushes things out of the particles. The particle forms a quantum tornado in its axle. That tornado pulls energy to that particle. And the particle’s structure transports that energy into its equator. 


https://interestingengineering.com/space/gravity-dark-matter-act-cosmic-study


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrifugal_force


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroweak_interaction


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluon


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Unified_Theory


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_law_of_universal_gravitation


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_everything


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_relativity


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W_and_Z_bosons


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormhole

Monday, September 15, 2025

Does spacetime (or, space-time) exist?

 Does spacetime (or, space-time) exist? 



"Exploring different approaches to understanding space-time deepens our understanding of reality. Credit: Shutterstock" (ScitechDaily, Does Space-Time Really Exist?)

"Is time something that flows — or just an illusion? Exploring space-time as either a fixed “block universe” or a dynamic fabric reveals deeper mysteries about existence, change, and the very nature of reality."(ScitechDaily, Does Space-Time Really Exist?)

Does spacetime exist? Does the space have time? We know the thing. Called material time. That time is seen in material evaporation. Because of the expansion of the universe. That thing causes an effect that all material turns into a wave movement. 

In the five-dimensional cosmological model, there are three spatial dimensions. And two dimensions in time.  Those two dimensions are time that goes forward and time that travels backward. In that model, time is one of the fundamental interactions. The idea in the spacetime model is that the Big Bang released material in time. Or it separated time and material. In this case. We talk about material evaporation. The model goes like this. The universe formed from a so-called Kugelblitz black hole. When the whirl started to collect energy in the proto-universe, it formed the black hole. Straight from that energy field that condensed into the black hole. When that black hole evaporated or detonated. That formed an event called the Big Bang. 

That means there is space formed between superstrings that will form the first particles. In that model, the superstring is an extremely thin energy field that turns into fermions and bosons. Superstrings are not single things. They are complicated internal structures. And in black holes, those superstrings are in such a tight form that they have no space to oscillate. That space caused an effect that those superstrings started to send sub-waves. When a superstring oscillates, it sends part of itself into its environment. This event would be similar to the material evaporation. 

When there is no energy that can resist the superstring, it sends the sub-string. In the same way as material, the existence, thickness, or number of structures in a superstring depends on the field that resists the superstring. The ten-dimensional superstring model explains the universe and space as an endless number of superstrings. The density or number of those superstrings in the space determines the strength of the field. When there are lots of strings in a small area, that means the field is strong. 

The main question in time dilation is this: Does that effect only push energy into particles? Or, does that affect cause a situation where the particle travels in time? 



Above: The 2D model of the gravity center. The gravity center packs energy fields around it. That forms a denser energy area. The gravity makes a pothole, but it also packs energy fields around the gravitational center. 

This denser, or higher energy area causes the effect that energy transfer to the environment slows down. And that slows material evaporation. If the difference between energy levels in the material and the environment is high. The energy level around the particle is very low. That raises the speed of energy flow out from the particle. The same effect can cause superstrings to decay just as matter. 

And that means the superstring model tells us that the spacetime should exist. When a gravity field forms, the gravity center rolls the field of those superstrings to the gravitational center. That effect is seen as a whirl in the universe. Those whirls can be extremely large. And all spiral galaxies are whirls that form around the supermassive black holes. Those whirls pull back, and without them, the black hole in the center of the galaxy will be detonated. 

And then we go to the spacetime. The idea in spacetime is this: energy fields or wave movement are everywhere. Those energy fields can condense into material. Because of the Schwinger effect. The Schwinger effect forms elementary particles, fermions. And bosons. In a similar way. The Schwinger effect explains the Kugelblitz black hole as a structure. Where the whirl will collect the energy fields or strings into one point. When there is enough field. Packed into one point. It creates a strong gravity effect that pulls everything into it. Without that whirl, the energy that is stored in a black hole is released. The whirl is the thing. That keeps the black hole in its form. 

We can think that when time moves from the past to the future, that thing looks a little bit like a superstring. When those time strings or “arrows of time”, or “time arrows” (Time’s arrow)move, they push time back around them. So when the arrow of time moves forward, that moves other arrows backward. If one of the arrows of time moves faster than the other arrow of time. That faster time arrow slows the slower arrows of time. The reason for that is that the time arrow moves energy into those other arrows of time. 

The arrow of time, along with Einstein’s Theory of Relativity, explains that when gravity turns so strong that the escape velocity turns higher than the speed of light. That means time starts to travel backward. The black holes will pump energy into the past if that model is right. And that energy is released at the point where a black hole forms. But the question is, does that thing really happen? Or does the black hole only store information and release it when it evaporates? This is the thing. That makes supernovae interesting. 

Theoretically, it is possible to decode the information that the black hole released. And there is a possibility. A black hole drives information straight into the point where. The black hole formed, and that point is the supernova explosion. Where the black hole got its beginning. 


https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/argument-against-theory-of-everything/


https://scitechdaily.com/does-space-time-really-exist/


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow_of_time


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kugelblitz_(astrophysics)


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_relativity



Tuesday, September 9, 2025

Can we ever create a Theory of Everything?

   Can we ever create a Theory of Everything? 



"One of the most popular efforts toward a Theory of Everything is string theory, where the Lie Group E8 x E8 is shown here: one realization of 10-dimensional superstring theory. The number of particles, fields, interactions, and dimensions that must be removed to keep the predictions of this overarching framework consistent with what we observe in our Universe is overwhelming, and represents more than 95% of the theory's general predictions." (Big Think, The argument against the existence of a Theory of Everything)

Can we ever create a Theory of Everything? The answer is that the thing requires long-term observations from interstellar and intergalactic space. When we are in the middle of the system, it’s impossible to see the global entirety. We see local entirety, but we cannot see the entire or global scale. In the system. To see the entire system, we must step outside it. We cannot see global phenomena in the universe. In the same way, we cannot see an object’s place if we see the object's speed. So we cannot measure a particle’s place. And the momentum. 

That is a big question. And the answer is that the Theory of Everything, TOE, requires that researchers know every single actor in the universe. That means that we must have knowledge of the internal structures of atoms. We must also have knowledge of the wave movement interactions and behavior at all scales of the universe. That means we must expand our knowledge very much. If we want to make a formula. That introduces all interactions from gluons to galactic superclusters. The biggest problem is this. We don’t have knowledge of what happens in interstellar space. 

All information that we get from space outside the solar system is distorted. That means. Information that we get travels across the heliopause, asteroid belts, and then through the solar wind that travels against it. That thing causes an effect on that information, and we can say that this information is dirty. When information travels into the Milky Way from other galaxies, that information travels through the Milky Way’s own radiation layers.  Another thing that can cause problems with measurements is things that we cannot see, such as typical objects. Maybe. Our star is not as typical a G-2 star as we want to believe. The solar system. Where we live is actually between the Milky Way’s spiral branches. The local group there is a certain type of actor that might have a unique structure. That means rare objects can form almost homogenous groups, but those objects might not be typical on a global scale. 



**********************************************************

"Top: Diagram of the heliosphere as it travels through the interstellar medium:"

"Heliosheath: the outer region of the heliosphere; the solar wind is compressed and turbulent"

"Heliopause: the boundary between the solar wind and interstellar wind where they are in equilibrium."

"Middle: water running into a sink as an analogy for the heliosphere and its different zones (left) and Voyager spacecraft measuring a drop of the solar wind's high-energy particles at the termination shock (right)"

"Bottom: Logarithmic scale of the Solar System and Voyager 1's position." 

(Wikipedia, Heliosphere)

**********************************************************


That means there is less gas and dust around our solar system than around stars that are in spiral branches.  Otherwise, there are fewer stars around the sun than around stars that are in the spiral branches. There is also a possibility that the Milky Way and its companion galaxies are in the cosmic void. That means Milky Way. And their companion galaxies have  lots of cosmic dust from their environment. This means that the dust and gas around those galaxies, and especially around their black holes, might be denser than researchers believed. But otherwise, gas and dust outside galaxies and dwarf galaxies might be thinner than researchers thought. And the other thing is that. The interactions can be far different from what nobody expected. 

If galaxies are in the cosmic plasma bubbles. The energy or wave movement that impacts the plasma bubble causes a situation. The plasma sends energy into that bubble. The bubble focuses energy. Into the middle of the bubble. That forms a standing wave where those energy impulses reflect. The universe is a large place. There can be lots of particles and quasiparticles that cause unexpected reactions. Quasiparticles can act like real particles. And another thing is that radiation, or wave movement. With extremely long wavelengths, they can look like straight waves. 

And those waves can act like thermal pumps. There is a possibility that some wave movement has two wavelengths. Extremely short wavelength. That acts like some kind of snake. That wave movement can act like a thermal pump. Things like energy tornadoes in the energy fields can transport energy. Out of that field. And that forms the situation. That kind of structure in the universe acts like virtual gravity. 

Can the so-called cosmic hum explain something about the nature of dark energy?  

When the Voyager probe crossed the Heliosphere and entered interstellar space, it found the cosmic hum. The radio waves that cannot cross the heliopause. The plasma wave that forms when solar wind impacts particles that come from other stars. There is almost certainly a similar impact wave around the Milky Way galaxy. So there can be wave movements. 

A wavelength that cannot come through that impact wave. That explains why dark energy affects only large-scale structures. That means there can be many types of wave movements that we cannot see. There can be plasma balls around galactic clusters, galactic megaclusters, and even the universe can have some kind of plasma wall in its outer layer. 

This means each of those plasma balls can absorb some wave movement. We always thought that dark energy was one. Homogeneous entirety.  Maybe dark energy has multiple wavelengths. If dark dwarfs destroy dark matter and turn that thing into dark energy, the same thing can happen outside galaxies in cosmic voids that can exist between galaxies. Maybe dark matter particles. The cosmic voids. At a hypothetical level in research, they impact each other. And those impacts send a wave movement. 

When we think about the cosmic voids. And their relationship with things like black holes and dark matter, those voids can rip black holes apart. The same thing can rip visible material in pieces. But if dark matter has only interaction with dark energy and other dark matter particles, there can be a cosmic dark matter void. Those “dark voids” are not dark energy or dark matter. It could be invisible to us. That kind of void can rip dark matter in pieces. 

So when we think about the role of the cosmic voids. In the structures that we know as the Universe, we must ask what made those bubbles. Things like the Boötes void formed when some energy impulse whipped matter and possibly also energy out from that point. The energy impulse caused the shockwave that formed those voids. Or something annihilated material out of the cosmic void. Those cosmic voids can play a bigger role in energy movements. That we have ever imagined. The cosmic void is the thing that could put energy into motion. 


https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/argument-against-theory-of-everything/


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axion


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%C3%B6tes_Void


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliosphere


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_everything


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_principle


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

Tuesday, July 8, 2025

Training determines the abilities of the AI.



The new remote-controlled robot uses technology that allows it to teleport all human movements to that robot's body. That thing turns so-called external, or exobodies true. That nobody can operate in every mission where humans can. This kind of body can operate as an AI-training tool. The operator controls that robot in different situations. Then that system can share its data with other full-automatic robots that operate independently. In the robot world the word “independent” doesn’t mean necessary the same as in the human world. An independently operating robot is a robot that can do its duties without human assistance. That kind of system can operate under the control of data centers. 

So, those systems use the internet for the remote control of the robot body, and that computing capacity is not high enough to run complicated algorithms that do things like walking in the city and visiting shops to buy things. The fact is that the training of the AI determines its abilities. The human-shaped robot is like a screwdriver. The AI that controls that system is the thing that makes it capable of operating in many situations. The first real robocops are coming to the streets in Indonesia. 

Many armies and civil defense and rescue organizations test robot dogs that can search things like mines. Those systems can carry lasers or even missiles in the back. So that makes them able to destroy tanks and other vehicles. Those robot dogs can have quadcopter propellers in their legs. The system can turn the twin wing rotors in the same line. And then pull them in. In use, those systems can push propellers out. Turn the legs to the side. And then turn those propellers into an X-position. 


Researchers trained the Chat GPT for space pilots. That system did its mission very well, and that means the new drones can get AI-based autopilots. And in the wrong hands, those systems are terrifying. That means basically anybody can train their own AI-based aircraft pilot that can operate drones or, why not, full-scale aircraft. There are risks in those applications. The same autopilot program that controls the drone can control full-size aircraft. 

Some researchers are worried that AI chatbots can start to create biological weapons. Those systems can make almost everything. AI-controlled laboratories are things that can revolutionize material and molecule research. That means that those laboratories can also connect the DNA molecules together. Those systems can also make artificial organisms using AI-controlled nanotechnology. 

The self-replicating or self-amplifying mRNA molecules are created for self-replicating vaccines. Those self-amplifying (m)RNA (sa(M)RNA) can also unlock new tools for controlling nanorobots if a small miniature robot can carry saRNA molecules to the right cells. And that thing can make it possible to create the system that orders those cells to die. That mRNA molecule can order the cell to shut down its protein synthesis. Those self-amplifying molecules can also act like chemical computer programs. And that makes new tools to control nano- and biorobots. 


The ability to produce and self-replicate mRNA molecules in a dish, outside the cells. That opens new paths to genetic engineering. And another thing is that this kind of ability makes it possible to create new mRNA and DNA-based computers and data storages. 

There is a possibility to create the artificial mRNA molecule that self-replicates in the dish. That thing makes it possible to create the mRNA that reprograms the cell. There are two ways to make a large number of artificial cells. The first way is to create artificial DNA or mRNA molecules. The researchers can change the DNA from inside the cell’s nucleus. The other way is to use the mRNA molecule to reprogram the cell organelle and force it to create artificial mRNA viruses. 

The new method is to create artificial mRNA or DNA molecules. Then that molecule can self-replicate. Then researchers can take cells in control and inject those mRNA molecules into cell organelles. Or they can exchange DNA from the cell nucleus. That makes it possible to create artificial cells. The difference is how to produce that genetic material. In the last case, the genetic material is produced separately from the cells. And that makes this genetic material easier to control. That material opens new doors for DNA and mRNA-based computing and controlling miniature robots. 


https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/news/2023/ai-could-be-used-to-develop-bioweapons-if-not-regulated-urgently-says-new-report


https://futurism.com/scientists-chatgpt-controls-spaceship


https://www.rudebaguette.com/en/2025/06/real-life-avatar-tech-arrives-new-capsule-teleports-full-body-human-motion-directly-into-remote-controlled-robots/


https://www.rudebaguette.com/en/2025/07/theyve-gone-full-robocop-indonesia-unleashes-humanoid-police-robots-to-hunt-criminals-and-crush-the-drug-trade/


https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/first-self-amplifying-mrna-vaccine


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messenger_RNA


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-amplifying_RNA



Wednesday, February 1, 2023

Can graviton be two particles?



If we think the theory that that graviton is two particles (like neutrinos). They are orbiting each other so graviton is like positronium, where positron and electron are orbiting each other. This explains why black holes can explode. 

This thing also explains the strange nature of gravitation. In the middle of that particle-pair would be electromagnetic- or quantum low pressure that pulls the quantum field inside it from outside. 

Those particles could also be virtual particles like quantum whirls that are orbiting each other. So virtual particles can act like real particles. And things like black holes can form stable quantum whirls inside them. 

Those particles that are rotating each other can form the quantum tower. A string or wave movement travels in the quantum tower and acts like a heat pump. When it touches other quantum fields it takes a part of them with it. That causes the interaction that keeps the quantum tower in one piece. 

If those particles that are forming graviton will be in series, that thing creates a deeper quantum tunnel through that particle series. The depth of that tunnel determines the level of gravitation. If we would put those rotating particle pairs in a line or row, we could make a very powerful power source. 

When that quantum tunnel stretches the quantum field through it that quantum field interacts with other particles. And it pumps energy into those particle pairs. The requirement that those particle pairs can stay in one entirety is that the virtual particle or electromagnetic low-pressure in the middle of those particles is stable. 

If a graviton is two particles that rotate each other that thing means there is a hole or tunnel in the black hole. That tunnel explains the radiation pike that leaves from the black hole. And then when the energy level of that particle pair increases they send radiation to both sides of them. When that radiation hits the event horizon, that can explain the gravitational waves. 




Above: "An electron and positron orbiting around their common center of mass. An s state has zero angular momentum, so orbiting around each other would mean going straight at each other until the pair of particles is either scattered or annihilated, whichever occurs first. This is a bound quantum state known as positronium" (Wikipedia/positronium). Can some other elementary particles act like electron-positron pair called positronium?


Or there is another very interesting version of the black hole's structure. In that model, the black hole is a WARP bubble. That is this: the black hole is a series of particle pairs that rotate each other. That structure is in the WARP bubble. The WARP-bubble that allows those particle pairs (gravitons) to orbit each other at a speed that is almost over the speed of light. 

The speed of those rotating particle pairs changes. And the reason for that is: that those particles rotate each other with the maximum speed that denies their touch with quantum fields. 

At that moment, the particle pairs will send radiation known as gravitational waves or gravitational radiation. And when the energy level of the black hole decreases its rotating speed decreases. At that moment the outside quantum field pumps energy to that black hole. There is a small electromagnetic vacuum around the standing wave movement that travels out from the black hole's poles. 

The thing that keeps the quantum tower where those particle pairs are rotating in one structure is the quantum low pressure between those particle pairs. When that string or wave movement travels in that quantum tower it pulls wave movement with it. And that thing causes the electromagnetic low pressure between those particle pairs. 

If that low pressure is gone the particle pair explodes. Or that energy load separates that particle-pair. When the level of energy. That travels in that quantum structure turns higher. The distance between those particles expands. 

And then, if that energy pumping ends. That causes the particle pair will be separated. This thing explains the explosion of the black hole. In this model, there is a hole or some kind of tunnel in the black hole. If that tunnel turns too large it explodes the black hole. 


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positronium


https://shorttextsofoldscholars.blogspot.com/

Friday, January 20, 2023

The digital "demon": how to increase the quantum computer's power?



Quantum computers are powerful tools. But they are useful only if they can solve problems with a very high probability. The probability that the answer is right is not enough. The system must confirm that the answer is right. Or it cannot use in functional control systems. 

The system is useless if it cannot give the right answers or if the user cannot confirm the answer. And only one wrong answer means that the calculation goes wrong. If that thing happens in the nuclear power plants the results could be devastating. 

The system requires an error-detecting protocol. In some versions, the system uses two main lines for some calculations. That means if those two lines give the same answer. There is the possibility that the answer is right. In that model, the system uses two separate, individual operating units for making the calculations. 

In some versions, the system uses multiple qubits or groups of qubits for the calculations. The system makes the statistics about the answers. And that thing tells. That there is a possibility that the answer is right if the large majority of the group gives a certain value. 

Maxwell's demon is the thinking experiment that should introduce that the second law of thermodynamics does not always apply. The next part of the text includes a straight loan from Wikipedia. You can replace the word molecule by using the words "information" or "qubits"

"In the thought experiment, a demon controls a small massless door between two gas chambers. As individual gas molecules (or atoms) approach the door, the demon quickly opens and closes the door to allow only fast-moving molecules to pass through in one direction. " (Wikipedia, Maxwell's demon) 

The problem with Maxwell's demon is that there are no massless doors. All doors that can close the information flow from the hotter chamber to the lower energy chamber have mass or a certain energy level. That makes it researchers difficult to create quantum networks. 

If we want to send qubit through electric wires we must be sure that the gate or router will not transfer energy to the qubit. Or we must calculate or measure the energy that the gate or router transfer to qubit and remove it. Or otherwise, the system cannot download information from the qubits. So if the demon moves the gate. That thing moves energy to the information that travels through it. 




Image 2) Schematic figure of Maxwell's demon thought experiment (Wikipedia, Maxwell's demon) The image could be the figure of the quantum computer. The data travels from a higher energy level to a lower energy level. And the demon that sits on the computer collects data that travel through the gate. The demon is the input/output system that transports data between the user and the quantum system. 


The description of Maxwell's demon continues. "And only slow-moving molecules pass through in the other. Because the kinetic temperature of a gas depends on the velocities of its constituent molecules, the demon's actions cause one chamber to warm up and the other to cool down. This would decrease the total entropy of the system, without applying for any work, thereby violating the second law of thermodynamics". (Wikipedia, Maxwell's demon) 

So how this thing has a connection with the quantum computer? We can think that a quantum computer has two chambers. Then the system drives information from the higher energy level or "hotter" chamber to the lower energy level or "colder" chamber. 

The system will create quantum entanglements between those chambers. And then, the system can drive information from the higher energy level into the lower energy level. Then the system starts to load information into electrons or some other qubits. It must make sure that the value of the electron is 0. If there are artifact values like 1 the system loses information. 

The system decreases the energy level of electrons or other particles to zero kelvin degrees. The zero kelvin degrees guarantee that the value of the electron is zero before the system starts to drive information to it. But the problem is that the temperature of the individual qubits is higher than zero kelvin. The system can create artifact value by using measurement tools. When the measurement tool touches the electron. It can increase its temperature. And that can destroy or mess up the information because the system cannot determine the zero point of the qubit. 


https://scitechdaily.com/digital-demon-a-surprisingly-simple-method-that-improves-quantum-computing-accuracy-by-20x/


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxwell%27s_demon


https://shorttextsofoldscholars.blogspot.com/

Sunday, November 7, 2021

An example of the creature. That is at the same time living and dead.



Schrödinger's cat: a cat, a flask of poison, and a radioactive source are placed in a sealed box. If an internal monitor (e.g. Geiger counter) detects radioactivity (i.e. a single atom decaying), the flask is shattered, releasing the poison, which kills the cat. The Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics implies that after a while, the cat is simultaneously alive and dead. Yet, when one looks in the box, one sees the cat either alive or dead, not both alive and dead. This poses the question of when exactly quantum superposition ends and reality resolves into one possibility or the other. (Wikipedia/Schrödinger's cat)


(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger%27s_cat)


This is philosophical thinking about topics: Could Schrödinger's cat exist somewhere else than just in the quantum world?

The Schrödingers cat is an example of the superposition. The case where the cat is living can transfer to qubit to the case where qubit transmits data. And the cat is dead when the data is gone. There have been made many examples of cases where people can create physical conditions of the Schrödinger's cat. In those examples, the cat is closed in the cube and if somebody touches it the cat would die. Same way qubit loses its data if somebody touches it. 

But can living creatures get the Schrödinger-position? One of those creatures that can be same time dead and alive is a vampire. If the vampire is getting radiation it would burn to ash. So we can say that the vampire of the stories is the so-called Schrödinger-creature. And that means the vampire of the stories is between dead and alive. 

So the Scrödinger creature is the creature that is between death and living. The idea for Scrödinger's creature is taken from the vampire stories.  But one of the most interesting examples about the Schrödinger-creature is the hypothetical scientist who wants to live forever. The next writing is the hypothetical creature that is like Schrödingers cat. 

For making that thing our mad scientist would destroy mitochondria and the DNA from the cells. And then the needed brain chemicals would be injected into the body of that scientist. 

Then our hypothetical person would go in the chamber where is physically and chemically stable conditions. And then that creature would get the energy for the nervous system from outside. So if that imaginational person would make that thing the lifetime would increase because cells don't need nutrients for energy production because that thing would come outside from the body.

The thing is that this kind of creature would not ever walk anywhere because that thing cannot lose a single cell. The renewing of the cells is not possible. And without genetic material and mitochondria that organism would be connected to the room forever. And one single bacteria can be devastating. Because that creature has no immune system even the one bacteria can destroy the entire body. 

So that creature would be the Schrödinger-creature. The creature would be dead to other people. That creature would be in the example of the creature that is living in the chamber unable to go out. Maybe that creature would have robots to operate for it. But otherwise, that kind of creature would live in the chamber, and we cannot be sure if that thing is dead or alive. 


https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

Friday, September 10, 2021

The theory of the universe as self-learning AI is an interesting theorem.





So if the universe is intelligent and self-learning that thing doesn't mean that the universe is the thing that can communicate with us. If we are trying to communicate with the universe that thing requires extremely powerful energy and we cannot create that energy load on Earth. 

Let's try to think this another way: We want to compare the size of Earth with the universe. And think that something that lives on Earth tries to communicate with the universe. And then we want to transfer that model to something that is on our planet the situation is similar to the case where somebody who lives on quark is trying to communicate with us. 

That creature cannot create so powerful data transmission that we can separate it. In the same way. If we are sending the radio impulse to the sky. And wait for that the universe to answer we will face disappointment.  That message will disappear into the cosmic white noise. The white noise-like cosmic background radiation covers that message under it. 

So if we are thinking that the universe is an extremely large intelligent organism. We might think that the universe is also the largest version of Schrödinger's cat. Schrödinger's cat is a cat that can be dead or alive. If the cat is in the box and we cannot see it from outside. We can try to make indirect observations about that thing. Maybe that cat keeps some noise or something that shows the cat is alive. But without open that box we cannot be sure about that thing. 

And that paradox of the cat that can be dead or alive can transfer to macro size. Is it possible that the thing that cannot interact with us has something to do with us? Of course, we can try to yell so loud that the organism is hearing us. If the thing is so big that we cannot attract its attention because we cannot yell so loud that the creature is hearing that thing cannot recognize us. 

And if it cannot recognize us. It cannot answer. The situation is similar to the case where we are thinking of viruses. We know that viruses are everywhere but we cannot separate them. So if we are thinking that the universe is the thinking entirety. That means that maybe it just cannot see us because we are so small. 


()https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a36112655/universe-is-self-learning-algorithm/


Image():https://kardashev.fandom.com/wiki/Matrioshka_brain





Let's try to transfer this model to the hypothetical galactic-size civilization. Can the Kardachev scale III civilization be the galactic-size network of Matrioshka brains?


Can the Kardachev scale III civilization be the galactic-size matryoshka brains? The giant space stations are communicating with each other by using quantum bridges. In that giant structure. Every member of this hypothetical civilization is connected with quantum computers using the microchips implanted in their brains. 

If we are thinking of the models of Kardachev Scale III civilizations that are controlling the entire galaxy. We must realize that those things are extremely large and complex. In some models, the hypothetical Kardachev scale III civilizations are the large group of the ball-shaped space station. 

Those space stations are acting as the hybrid computer where the quantum computers and neural network is combined. The brains of the organisms that are living in the space station are forming the neural structure. And that living neural structure is connected with quantum computers. 

In this vision, those space stations are forming the entirety. They can communicate with each other. And form the macro-neuron structure. And that is the interstellar version of the Matrioshka brains. 

A Matrioshka brain is a hypothetical megastructure of immense computational capacity powered by a Dyson sphere. It was proposed in 1997 by Robert J. Bradbury. That SciFi novelist introduced the most powerful computer that ever can imagine. The system will connect the living organisms and computers to their entirety. And those entireties can connect with the same type of entireties 

It is an example of a Class B stellar engine, employing the entire energy output of a star to drive computer systems. This concept derives its name from the nesting Russian Matryoshka dolls. The concept was deployed by Bradbury in the anthology Year Million: Science at the Far Edge of Knowledge. (Wikipedia: Matrioshka brains)

The galactic-size network of Matrioshka brains is one of the most extreme versions of the mega structures. The Matrioshka brains can connect to the network. 

Of course, those creatures in that kind of hypothetical super-civilization are sending messages. But they are so busy with their government and control systems that they just don't have time to answer to humans. 

Or they use things like gamma-ray lasers that are powered by black holes for interstellar communication. The transmission power would be so powerful that we cannot even imagine it. Or they can use quantum bridges, superposition, and entangled particles to send the data between stars. 

The message will send by moving those particle pairs back and forth. And that thing makes it possible to send the message immediately between stars. But that thing requires so powerful power source that the only power source is the black hole in the system. 

If you would be the emperor of the galactic-size civilization there might be many things, that keep you busy. Things like supernova-explosions traveling neutron stars and black holes are things that require attention. Under control of that hypothetical emperor are tens of thousands of words that require attention. Sometimes entire solar system must be evacuated. 

Because the star is finishing its fuel. And the population must re-settle to somewhere else. The population means the planetary habitats. But also crews of the giant space stations must transport to another solar system. That kind of thing keeps the hypothetical emperor busy. And that things are interesting hypotheses. 


()https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardashev_scale


()https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrioshka_brain


()https://visionsoftheaiandfuture.blogspot.com/

Tuesday, February 27, 2018

How can the mobile telephone be used as 3D-modelling?


(Picture 1)


https://www.instagram.com/p/BfbSDw5FIdC/

Kimmo Huosionmaa

How can the mobile telephone be used as 3D-modelling? The answer to that question is simple. This thing uses the same device, what would focus lens of its camera. It also connects the data from the camera of that telephone. So this makes those mobile telephones very sophisticated tools for modeling. The problem of those scanners is that the mobile telephone must be absolutely stable, or the modeling would be failed.


But this can be solved by using selfie-stick, what is installed on the table or stable platform, and if the hands of the stable enough, the scanning can make by keeping the device in hand. But the fixing of this problem could be found from GPS. If this system would be sharp enough, the telephone could fix the errors, what shaking hands causes. In this solution, the GPS would map the place where the telephone is in the sharpness of only small part of the millimeter, and the computer would calculate the errors of the metering.


The system would take the original point, when scanning is beginning, and then it would fix the error what the shaking of hands might cause. This would be done by adding or subtracting the location in the real world of the phone, from the values of the pure ring. This would make the scanning more easier. This little program can revolutionize the CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing) -technology.  Now any firm can buy this kind of equipment and use it as making 3D-models for CAD programs and 3D printers.


In this system, the computer in the mobile telephone transmits the distance between the target and telephone by using sonar. Sonar is almost as effective scanning tool as a laser, but the sound travels in the air much slower than air.


The optics of the mobile telephone would focus using Sonar and the situation where the user notices it is when this person wants to take a picture what portraits horizon. In this case, the system of the camera cannot get an echo from the surface, and the optics of camera cannot focus the image.


I have read some articles that same radars what are used in traffic light as traffic calculation sensors could be mounted to RPV-helicopters. Those helicopters can be used to make 3D-models of entire building areas. They use oblique scanning, what is connected to GPS and computing platforms to make 3D models of buildings. The computers would make 3D pictures by those pictures, what this device sends to computers.

Sources:

Picture 1


http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/how-can-mobile-telephone-be-used-as-3d.html

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