When we think universe as part of infinity we can say that the universe is in the middle of infinity. The edge of the material is not the edge of the space where our universe exists. We know that the material of the universe doesn't keep its current form forever.
There is the possibility that free superstrings or particles that have not existed in the universe are surrounding visible material. And there is the possibility that the source of dark energy is in the particles. That is released or formed at a different time than visible material.
There is also another possibility for the source of dark energy. When particles are going out from the universe there are no quantum fields. And that causes the superstrings that are forming particles to pop open.
The universe is like a bubble in space and space outside the universe is infinite. But the material is not infinite. Sometimes mathematicians and astronomers think about the shape of the universe. And the only spheric universe ends its life in thermal collapse. But without depending on the shape and the end of the universe.
There is one thing that we must remember. The information itself cannot be destroyed or lost. In the case of big rip and big silence, the superstrings that are forming material and particles exist. Even if there are no other universes. And that means the universe is infinite because its information remains forever. But the thing is that the form of information is changed. And the particles that are formed universe are changed into superstrings that are traveling in emptiness.
In the case of a big crunch, the intense heat will also destroy material that falls into the giant black hole. The superstrings that are forming that material remain forever. But even if that black hole will erupt and from those remnants forms another universe. The material that forms that new hypothetical universe is not similar to the material that once formed our universe. The size of those particles would be different. And the only thing that connects the material of our universe to that material is the superstrings. We can say that even if the universes are changing the superstrings remain forever.
When we look at the image above this text the shape of the visible universe is like a balloon. Sometimes I have seen models that introduce the universe as a structure that looks a little bit like a medusa that travels in emptiness. But the thing that makes this form a little bit problematic is that this shape of the universe requires that there is material or some kind of quantum field where the universe travels.
So there must be some kind of electromagnetic field or material that turns the edge of the universe backward. That means there must be some kind of origin for that radiation and material. Radiation and material are one thing.
Material forms radiation or wave motion when it faces radiation stress. Or material can also send the wave motion when the pressure of the quantum field around it turns lower. That causes the "vaporizing of the material". Vaporization means that the particles are turning to superstrings or wave motion.
And wave-particle duality means that the wave motion is turning into particles. And that thing is the problem with Big Bang. The wave motion that formed quarks must come from somewhere. The thing is that the universe is a limited area. All material in the form as we know it remains in the universe.
Dark matter is a mystery. There is the possibility that the form of dark matter is similar to visible material and antimatter. But without observations, researchers cannot confirm that thing. The problem with dark matter is that we cannot see it. We can feel that gravitational effect. The material in the form as we know it in the great annihilation after the Big Bang. During the Big Bang formed two types of material. The matter and antimatter.
Something caused the asymmetry in relations between those two material types. And the material "won" antimatter. There is the possibility that during the Big Bang formed some other types of particles than just quarks, leptons, gauge bosons, and scalar bosons.
Maybe the great annihilation destroyed those particles. There is also dark energy which is the wave motion without a visible source. There is the possibility that the source of dark energy is released before the visible material. And that thing means that there is a cloud of dark matter around visible material. There is the possibility, that some particles existed for only a couple of seconds. But they continue their existence in the form of the superstrings.
https://bigthink.com/13-8/does-infinity-exist/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_of_the_universe
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe
See also:
Big Bang
Dark Energy
Dark Matter
Gravitation
Theory of Special Relativity
Theory of General Relativity
Superstrings
Image:) Wikipedia
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