Gluons' behavior and GUT (Grand Unified Theory).

New models challenge long-standing models. Of. How gluons behave in atomic nuclei. There is a point at which gluons start to behave collectively. That effect is known as gluon saturation. 

“Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the fundamental theory describing the strong interaction, a cornerstone of the Standard Model in particle physics. One of the intriguing phenomena in high-energy QCD is gluon saturation. A state where the density of gluons (elementary particles that mediate the strong force between quarks) inside a hadron becomes so high that their interaction probability reaches a plateau. This concept has profound implications for understanding high-energy collisions, like those in particle accelerators.” (Modern physics, Gluon saturation)

Another name for that effect could be harmonic behavior. This effect is the thing. That can cause heavy atoms’ decay. When. Gluons' behavior turns harmonic. They send much more energy in one direction. Than. The gluons that don’t behave collectively. 

The gluonic collective behavior means that when gluons send wave movement. That wave movement impacts other gluons. This means that gluons' oscillations become orchestrated. The high-energy gluon synchronizes other gluons. To transmit. Wave movement at the same time. When a gluon moves. 

It forms. A small. Quantum low-pressure area. Another thing. That a gluon makes is the recoil effect on a quark. When. A quark forms a gluon, and the gluon leaves the quark. The gluon must kick much energy into the quark. That it can cut the bond energy. 

Then the gluon travels. Into. A lower-energy quark. So a higher-energy down quark sends a gluon to a lower-energy up quark. This is the reason why neutrons decay. There is one up and two down quarks in a neutron. When down quarks send an energy impulse to an up quark. That focuses too much energy in the up quark. And that pushes more energy to the neutron shell, causing quantum field expansion. That breaks the bond energy of those quarks. 

But when gluons spin. That spin sends wave movement. That is similar to bremsstrahlung radiation. And sooner or later, all gluons start to synchronize into the same frequency. When. The gluons reach the same energy level. 

They form standing waves between them. And sooner or later, those waves destroy the atom's core. 

And that can be key to the GUT (Grand Unified Theory). That theory should combine four fundamental interactions. Strong. And weak interactions, electromagnetism, and gravity into a unified theory. researchers can combine the weak nuclear interaction with electromagnetism. And that forms the so-called electroweak interaction. 

In that interaction. The atom’s core sends an energy impulse to the electron. Then the electron receives that energy. And transforms it into a photon. That means the interaction between the atom’s core and electron can be a wave movement. The strong interaction. Its. Interaction between gluons and quarks. Same way. The weak interaction is the interaction between W/Z bosons and neutrons and protons. Then the electroweak interaction is the interaction between an atom’s core and its electron shell. 

Maybe the atom’s core sends waves as a whole. Or the origin of those waves is in W/Z bosons. But the important thing is this. There is no need for a transmitting particle. The straight wave-movement interaction is enough to make that part of GUT real. 

Basically, this theory is simple. 

1) The oscillation of gluons. Send an energy wave to the shell of protons and neutrons. 

2) That causes energy impulses between protons and neutrons. In. The atom’s nucleus. 

3) That oscillation will send energy impulses to the electron shell. 

4) Maybe gravitation is a very short-wavelength wave movement. Radiation that comes through the electron shells. In this model, the graviton is like a gamma photon. 

If. The wavelength of radiation is short enough. It seems straight. And that virtual straight wave can have larger curves. So. Can gravitation be? Some double-wave radiation? 

4B) Or maybe there are two types of radiation that we see as gravitation. The short-wave radiation. Has the source in gluons. And. Long-wave radiation. The source is in large material clusters. We may see the short-wave radiation as uniform even if it comes from multiple sources. 

Stages 1 and 2 form the strong-weak (Or color-weak) interaction. This point. Wave movement. That origin in a gluon turns into the W/Z boson interaction. The proton and neutron. Quantum fields. Act as tensors. 

Stages 2 and 3 are connected into the electroweak interaction. In the electroweak interaction, the quantum field that surrounds the entire nucleus sends wave movement to the electron shells. That wave movement pushes electrons away. When gluons send energy waves. That decreases the mass of the nucleus. 

Gluons will not send that wave movement all the time. Those waves or wave impulses push electrons away. But when there are no pulses. Electrons start to fall closer to the atom’s nucleus. And then the atom sends an energy impulse. Again. The closest electron gets most of the energy. 

The biggest problem with GUT. It is to make gravitation fit into that model. The problem with gravitation? Is how to determine it? Its wavelength. It is unknown. If. gravitation is shortwave radiation. That acts like a thermal pump when it travels through matter. There. Is a possibility. That the hypothetical long-wave gravitational radiation forms a string of that very short-wave radiation. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity

https://modern-physics.org/gluon-saturation

https://news.ku.edu/news/article/new-cern-measurement-challenges-long-standing-theory-of-how-gluons-behave-inside-atomic-nuclei

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bremsstrahlung

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroweak_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Unified_Theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_chromodynamics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak_interaction

Could string theory be the gate to the TOE (Theory of Everything) and GUT (Grand Unified Theory)?

String theory. The string model is one of the attempts to explain the universe. This theory could explain almost everything. The mainframe of this theory is simple. The entire universe is formed of the strings. Those strings form matter as we know it. There are multiple internal structures. In the string model. And those strings explain things like the universe’s expansion like this. Strings that are actually tornado-shaped structures in the quantum fields of the universe. They transport energy to the edge of the universe, and that energy pushes its outer edge farther. 

This makes space in the universe. And that space pulls those superstrings open. Then those superstrings start to leak. Then they release energy or wave movement that travels through them. This means that. Every single superstring is actually a wormhole, a tunnel through space and time. When the universe starts to expand, those superstrings send energy into space.

And that energy would be the dark energy. The idea of the wormhole is that. Energy pushes information through it. The wormhole, or energy tornado. It denies. That energy leaks to the universe. When a particle, like a photon, travels through the wormhole, it stays young. Its energy level is the same as it was when it went to the wormhole. The expansion of the universe turns quantum fields weaker, but when the particle travels in a wormhole, the wormhole will not allow the particle’s energy level to decrease. This means that when a particle comes out from that string or wormhole, it releases more energy than it should. And that increases entropy in the system. The problem is that there is no physical evidence of the strings or wormholes. 

If there is a quantum-sized black hole or graviton in each particle. That thing can explain the form of the superstrings. When those hypothetical gravitons impact, they follow similar trajectories. As regular-sized black holes. This means that those graviton impacts can form the spiral-shaped structure that is the hypothetical superstring. 

Those quantum-sized black holes can form the structure. That looks a little bit like a pearl necklace. And if we want to use normal-sized (Stellar or supermassive black holes) as a model, there would be. A ring-shaped. Energy rings around every pearl. Those pearls are the halos of those quantum-sized black holes. Which could be the same as the hypothetical graviton. And their transition disks. Could cause those rings. The next thing that reseachers must do is to prove the existence of those structures.  

In one model. Those strings. Are not. So-called solid structures. There are models that superstrings are series. Of the wheel-shaped structures. In theoretical models. Those strings form around quantum-sized black holes. This means that. In every single particle in the universe is a quantum-sized black hole. The annihilation reaction that releases. Very high-energy gamma-rays. Could be similar. To the reaction that sends gamma-rays. In the black hole collimations. The gamma-ray burst forms when those black holes’ halos impact each other. That impact forms those gamma-ray bursts. 

So, when an antimatter particle impacts with its mirror particle, those particles turn into energy. The difference. Between matter and antimatter particles is their spin direction. That means those particles interact in a similar way to black holes when they impact. This means that, if the elementary particle is the quantum halo around the quantum-size black hole. That means that antimatter is the quantum halo that surrounds an opposite-spinning black hole than the matter.

And maybe dark energy is the thing that forms. When those antimatter and matter particles impact. First, the particle shells impact, and that sends the gamma-ray burst. Then their core, their hypothetical quantum-size graviton black holes' impact, and the energy that this impact releases could be covered by the flash of the particle’s shell. Or when those gravitons or quantum-sized black holes impact, they could follow similar trajectories as normal-sized black holes. This thing can form a spiral-shaped structure in the quantum fields. that can form superstrings. 

https://www.quantamagazine.org/are-strings-still-our-best-hope-for-a-theory-of-everything-20260323/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annihilation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Unified_Theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_everything

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormhole

The String theory and the 5-plet problem.

"Concept image of strange particles in an atom." (InterestingEngineering)

The 5-plet is a strange 5-particle group detected in the Large Hadron Collider that can challenge String theory and give answers for Dark Matter problems. The problem is that the 5-plet must not exist in the String model. But it still exists. When we think about String theory itself, that theory seems to give answers to every problem in the universe. String theory has the same problem with the Big Bang theory. That theory is commonly accepted, even if it's incomplete. String theory is made for filling the Big Bang theory giving answers to where the material that formed the Big Bang came from. The purpose of String Theory is to answer the question: What “exploded" in the Big Bang? 

String theory is not the same as the Grand Unified Theory, GUT. Some people think that the String theory gives answers to all problems in the universe. 

That is not even close to the truth. The String theory handles small parts of the entirety. And the thing that supports some kind of superstring’s existence is the cosmic web. The main idea of the String theory is that the internal superstrings or energy channels form a dimension. And the universe is like a bubble in one extremely large superstring. Those strings also form material and everything. And every single particle is a bubble in a superstring. We often forget that the Superstring theory is a repair tool for the Big Bang theory, which should explain where the material and energy came from. 

(InterestingEngineering)

The problem with the Big Bang theory is this: it doesn’t answer one of the most critical questions in physics. Where did that energy that formed the Big Bang come from? The Big Bang theory's basement is in the wave-particle duality, WPD. That means wave movement can turn into particles and particles can turn into wave movement. But without wave movement, there are no particles. So there are many updates in the Big Bang theory. The most modern model is that time itself formed the Big Bang. And the Big Bang was rather the Big Burst than the single Bang. That means in modern models the Big Bang was a series of events that formed the material in the form as we know it. 

That means the Big Bang was some kind of annihilation, but it doesn’t answer where those particles that formed the annihilation came from. One of the suggestions for that question is that there formed a giant black hole that exploded.  That black hole could have formed from wave movement that existed before the Big Bang. Or, another suggestion is that the hypothetical black hole was a remnant of the universe that existed before our universe. The multiverse model explains the space as a dimension where Big Bangs happen all the time. And universes form in the crossing points of other universes' radiation. That radiation pushes particles or wave movement into the points where their gravitational effect starts to form new universes. 

But proving that the model is not a very easy thing. If there is material outside the universe, that material is so cold that we cannot see it. But the multiverse is a logical conclusion that begins from the galaxies, galaxy clusters, and superclusters. The idea is that the universe itself is part of a larger entirety. But then we face another way to answer the problem of where everything came from. That answer is written in a very incomplete Brane theory. The idea is that the dimension or third dimension simply collapsed. That opened the channel from the fourth dimension straight to the second dimension. That energy channel formed the event called the Big Bang. If that model can be true the 3D material cannot close that channel because its energy level is too high. 

https://interestingengineering.com/science/ghost-particles-that-could-snap-string-theory

https://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/things-know-can-data-large-hadron-collider-snap-string-theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brane

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Unified_Theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%E2%80%93particle_duality

The direction of the gravitation.

The origin of the next theory is the elementary particle looks like a whisk. So the superstrings are forming rings that are causing the electromagnetic low-pressure in the middle of the particle. When that whisk-looking structure rotates. That motion causes the electromagnetic wave motion or gravitational waves are traveling inside the structure. 

And they are causing a situation where impacting wave motion is forming the electromagnetic emptiness or so-called warp bubble inside elementary particles. Or they can form standing-bubble-looking gravitational waves. 

Those gravitational waves can make the situation that the wave motion jumps out from the bubble and forms the warp bubble around that standing wave motion. Maybe that thing could also explain a thing called dark energy. 

That thing can happen straight. Or the impacting gravitational waves are causing the oscillation of that whisk-looking structure called an elementary particle. The superstrings that are forming this structure are acting like antennas. 

That there forms tiny warp bubbles or small black holes in the middle of that structure. Or there is the possibility that the warp bubble forms a small black hole inside it. The size of those structures is far smaller than quarks. 

The thing is that: Warp bubbles or quantum black holes can form similar-looking effects. And another fact is that those things are not confirmed. So everything that reads here is theoretical. 

So can gravitation be a pushing or pulling force? That thing is one of the biggest things that researchers must solve before the GUT-Theory (Grand (or the great) Unified Theory) can be done. There is a possibility that the artificial black holes that are made by using 2D atom structures can solve the gravitational problem. 

The thing that forms the hole in the 2D atom structure is the electron that jumps back to the 3D form. That electron leaves the hole in the structure behind it. Then the side-coming quantum fields are starting to fill that hole. And that thing can create the tower in the center of the hole that can be from the 3D material. 

The quantum ring that surrounds that hole can deny that the wave motion can travel over it. And it can form a standing wave motion in the 2D structure. That thing can cause a situation where the Schwinger-effect forms the 3D material. The reason for that is that the wave motion or superstrings can travel over that wave. And then that thing forms the situation where the wave motion can form the whisk-looking structure. 

Theoretically, an elementary particle's model is a whisk-looking structure. That is forming of a series of quantum rings. That is similar to the form of the holes in the 2D atoms. And that thing means that there are similar-looking holes in this whisk-looking structure. 

Because those quantum rings are rotating those structures are leaving electromagnetic waves inside them. When the electromagnetic or quantum wave motion hits to particle, a little bit of that wave motion or energy jumps out from the particle or its quantum fields. So that thing could be the reflection of the gravitational waves. 

Could the dark energy be the result of a vacuum around the universe?

In some wild theories. Dark energy or dark wave motion forms when the tachyon hits this dimension. Dark energy is wave motion that rips the universe into pieces. 

Sometimes the source of dark energy is explained as when the quarks inside the protons or neutrons are oscillating they send wave motion. The reason for that oscillation is gluons. 

Gluons are traveling between quarks. Whenever gluon hits the quark it takes energy from it. And when a gluon that transports the strong nuclear force travels between quarks it releases its energy. 

And there is some yet unknown particle that locates between gluon and quark. When a gluon that travels between quarks impacts that yet-unknown particle. It sends radiation that wavelength is the same as that yet unknown particle. 

Is this the idea of Gran Unified Theory (GUT)?

But why strong nuclear force is so strong? The area where that strong nuclear interaction effect is very small if we are comparing it with gravitation or electromagnetism. And the idea of the GUT is this. The diameter of the affected area determines the name of the force. 

So the idea of the GUT is that every four fundamental forces, gravitation, electromagnetism, weak- and strong nuclear forces are the same force. 

A strong nuclear interaction is an interaction between gluon and quark. There is a possibility that this interaction happens when the superstrings are starting to travel between quark and gluon. When one superstring is turning to spiral and forms a quantum tornado. That effect will pull another superstring inside it.

 Then that quantum spiral starts to input energy to the quantum string that is inside the quantum spiral. That system works like a laser and the radiation that comes ends of the internal super- or quantum string pushes the particles away from the ends of that quantum channel. And that thing is the form of dark energy. 

Tachyon is the hypothetical faster-than-light particle that would not be possible in our universe. But outside the universe where nothing can slow particles, the tachyon could exist. The reason for that is simple. nothing can travel faster than light in our universe. In our universe quantum fields are slowing the speed of all particles. 

But outside our universe is no quantum fields. That means there could be tachyons. So are tachyons particles that source outside the universe? When that kind of particle hits the quantum field. It releases its energy as wave motion.  That interaction transforms the tachyon to some other particle immediately. 

So if the tachyon comes outside the universe and hits this plasma ball it sends radiation. And there is the possibility that tachyons are ordinary particles that are hitting our universe from outside it. When we are thinking of conditions that those hypothetical particles are facing when they hit our universe from outside it they are traveling faster than any particle in the universe. Gravitation accelerates them. And when they hit the plasma and quantum fields. They send radiation because their speed is too high for our universe. And that idea is that the particles that origin is outside our universe are tachyons. 

Anyway, even if tachyons existed. Their existence rests in an extremely short moment. And if tachyons are dark energy and dark matter that explains why we cannot measure those things. When tachyon comes to our universe it will immediately turn into a Higgs boson or some yet unknown particle. So that tachyon would send radiation when it turns to som another particle. And could that thing explain why the source of dark energy is unknown? If tachyon existed. Its lifetime is shorter than Higgs boson's lifetime. 

There are three places where we could find those hypothetical tachyon particles. 

1) Outside the Universe

2) Near Black Holes

3) In Boötes Void. 

In that great nothing, every particle travels faster than outside it. So when that hyper-speed particle hits the outer edge of the Boötes void that thing sends radiation. And that radiation pushes particles away from each other. So that kinds of areas can cause cosmic inflation or expansion of the universe. 

When tachyons hit the quantum field they change their form immediately, because they release energy quantum. And that makes it very hard to detect them. The theory goes like this: When a tachyon hits the quantum field, it releases its kinetic energy to that quantum field. That energy impulse covers other tachyons behind it. 

And even if tachyon existed, that particle is a very small and short-living thing. So there is the possibility. That tachyon sends radiation that wave motion is unique. And that radiation is dark energy. The gravitational effect of tachyons is dark matter But confirming this thing, is extremely difficult. And that means the tachyon can remain a theoretical particle. 

The idea of this thought is simple. Because the universe expands the energy travels from it. To the vacuum that is around it. The reason for that is that energy in the universe is higher than in the vacuum around it. And the quantum system is always attempting to reach the minimum energy level. The universe is the largest known quantum system. But there is a vacuum around it. 

And that thing causes that energy flows to that vacuum. The vaporization of material causes the energy level in the universe to rise in comparison to the material. The vaporization means that the material turns to wave motion or superstrings. So superstrings are extremely thin bites of the wave motion. 

There is a possibility that dark energy is a virtual force. That thing forms when at the edge of the universe is nothing that limits the speed of particles and light. In this text "edge of the universe" means the most out plasma the Big Bang released. And outside our universe is no quantum fields and the material is extremely sparse. In that area where the universe impacts with great nothingness material and light travel faster than anywhere else. Otherwise, the gravitation of the universe slows those particles. 

When those particles and superstrings are traveling away from the universe gravitation affects those objects. When giant galaxies are in a straight line with each other. That slows the speed of superstrings and particles. When that thing happens those things are releasing their kinetic energy as the wave motion. 

The thing with gravitation is that it's not stable in the universe. When super-heavy objects are in line gravitation is stronger. And that slowing the speed causes energy impulses. When some particle sends wave motion it sends a little bit of its mass. But the wave motion that the particle sends pushes quantum fields around the particle away. And then another quantum field must fill that thing. 

In another version, the extremely fast particles and wave motion cause an effect that there is some kind of vacuum behind them. If there is a small electromagnetic or quantum tunnel behind particles or superstrings that electromagnetic tunnel will fill by quantum fields. 

When that thing happens those fields impact each other. That thing forms virtual particles. Virtual particles act like real particles. And that could explain why we cannot see dark matter. In that theory, dark matter is the strong quantum field that acts like visible material. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%C3%B6tes_Void

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Unified_Theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyon