What was before the Big Bang (Part II)

 What was before the Big Bang. (Part II)

"Our universe could be the mirror image of an antimatter universe extending backwards in time. Groundbreaking research suggests that our universe has an antiuniverse twin. Physicists in Canada propose that our universe could be a reflection of an antimatter universe that existed before the Big Bang." (CREDIT: Getty Images)" The brighter side, Groundbreaking research suggests that our universe has an antiuniverse twin)

The antiuniverse or antiverse is the model. That is based on the supernova explosion model. When a large star explodes, that event forms a so-called time-glass nebula. So, could the Big Bang event have formed the two universes? The idea is that when two giant whirls. That spin was opposite. Those giant whirls formed the spark, or the explosion that sent two universes into different directions. If those proto-anti-universe and the proto-universe impacted. That could form the universe and the anti-universe. 

This question is one of the most interesting, because it helps researchers to calculate the values of the particles.  When a particle travels through the universe. Energy and quantum fields touch it. Those touches leave marks on those particles. And that helps to get information from distant galaxies. But this is not possible. If researchers don’t know the strength of those energy fields. This means that modeling the Big Bang makes it possible to calculate changes in the energy levels in an expanding universe. 

  

What energy should be in those particles that exist in the modern universe? 

And if researchers can calculate. What kind of energy should those particles have? They can search for differences between theoretical and real values. That gives data about the fields. That the particle faced. During its journey.  But it’s impossible to calculate theoretical values without knowing the beginning values. 

Was there some kind of energy flow that formed two opposite rotating whirls that were positive and negative (+ and -) universes? And was the Big Bang some kind of spark between those giant whirls?  That doesn’t mean that antiversum and universe require material. They require opposite fields that cause a similar reaction to the antimatter-matter annihilation. 

In some models, the energy arrow that traveled through the field formed two giant whirls. Those whirls can be the anti-universe and the universe. Or, those whirls were the positive and negative whirls. If those two positive and negative proto-universes act like matter and antimatter. They can pull each other together. 

Above: Time glass nebula. 

So can the antiverse explain the Big Bang? 

In this case, we should rather talk about the antiverse. As a mirror universe. Or, mirror protouniverse . Where there was some kind of material. We could say that in the case of the proto-universe, the antiversum was rather the whirl where energy fields rotate in the opposite direction. Than the other universe that we can call the “normal universe”. If the proto-universe and proto-anti-universe were oppositely rotating whirls in the energy field or in free gravitational wave movement. We can think that those whirls pulled each other together like antimatter and matter. Pulled each other together. 

It’s possible that those extremely large rotational whirls impact each other, and they formed the lightning or the spark. That spark could be like a shortcut between positive and negative fields, and that spark could be the thing that we can call the universe. When the Big Bang happened. Energy was homogenously spread through the entire universe. Then the universe's expansion made holes. In that homogenous energy field. And that caused situations where energy started to fill those holes. 

Could dark energy or some part of dark energy form when quarks or gluons collide with their antimatter pairs? That thing can mean that this kind of thing can put energy into moving. 

Can black holes’ relativistic jets be formed from new fermions in the universe? When we talk about black holes and their relativistic jets, they can form fermion-anti-fermion pairs. That means that effect condenses energy fields into the form of matter. That means if Schwinger effect forms matter in the modern universe, that thing forms fermion-antifermion pairs. And those particle-antiparticle pairs can annihilate, transforming into energy. So could dark energy’s source be in the quark and anti-quark annihilation? Or in some more exotic particles, annihilation, like the gluon-antigluon annihilation. 

This can mean that energy, or wave movement that travels into those energy holes, is stated to fill those holes, and the Schwinger effect could form material in those whirls. Some of those whirls could be so strong that the wave movement formed different-sized primordial black holes. The question is always. Do black holes' relativistic jets form new particles in the universe? Relativistic jets are the most powerful things in the universe. Because black holes also interact with dark matter and dark energy. That means a black hole can form two relativistic jets, visible and dark energy jets.    

When dark energy jets travel through the universe, they can turn dark energy fields into some kind of particles. The changes in dark energy could form. When dark energy turns into some kind of particles. When we think about the nature of energy, matter is one of the forms of energy. Particles are energy packages. When energy binds itself into matter or particles, that means that energy is away from its environment. 

https://www.thebrighterside.news/post/groundbreaking-research-suggests-that-our-universe-has-an-antiuniverse-twin/

https://phys.org/news/2024-06-partner-anti-universe-expansion-dark.amp

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brane_cosmology

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwinger_effect

Can the photon itself be the origin of dark energy?

"AI-generated representation of an accreting supermassive black hole, surrounded by gas spiraling toward it along the equatorial plane (the accretion disk) and emitting powerful winds of matter as it falls in. This representation is based on a NASA’s artist’s concept that illustrates a supermassive black hole with millions to billions of times the mass of our sun. Credit: Emanuela Tortosa, edited" (ScitechDaily, Supermassive Black Holes Defy Physics to Become Cosmic Titans)

Dark matter and dark energy mysteries are heavily entangled with each other. Maybe supernovas, black holes, and new images of photons can solve another of those two mysteries. It's possible. That the photons are the source of dark energy. The ring-shaped structure means that energy that hits the ring travels into the middle of it. And maybe that thing is the source of the mysterious wave movement that rips the universe into pieces. 

If we think that black holes can turn all photons around it into one direction that causes a situation where the photons send the small energy string away from the black hole. And the other energy pike travels to the black hole. We know that photons can store energy that expands their size. That means the black hole's energy may expand the photon so much, that it can close the black hole in it. 

That means the photon can form a ring around the black hole. The model is that the photon is like a skyrmion. And that means it can turn so large. That it can form a ring around supermassive objects. If a photon can form that ring it can pump lots of energy into the black hole. But that is not sure. 

"A new theory, that explains how light and matter interact at the quantum level has enabled researchers to define for the first time the precise shape of a single photon. Credit: Dr. Benjamin Yuen" (ScitechDaily, Quantum Leap: Scientists Reveal the Shape of a Single Photon for the First Time)

Black holes. And especially supermassive black holes defy physics. The thing is that the black hole pulls wave movement and particles into it. Even if we see the black hole as the stoned object those monsters oscillate all the time. 

That thing means that they could make the same thing to gravity fields as time crystals make to electromagnetic wave movement. The black hole pulls energy fields into it. And some of those energy fields start other orbit the event horizon. When strings that form in the photons hit those fields they cause oscillation that we see as gravitational waves. 

The problem with dark energy and the dark gravity effect is that. There is something that causes gravity waves and quantum fields to move. The movement of those things is the thing that we see as gravity and dark energy waves. The problem with dark energy is that nobody knows its origin. 

"Detecting axions via gamma rays from a supernova could unlock the secrets of dark matter, with UC Berkeley researchers pushing for advanced telescopes to ensure we don’t miss this fleeting opportunity. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, A Nearby Supernova Could Finally Solve the Dark Matter Puzzle)

In some models, dark energy is the thing that forms when a gravity wave collapses. The idea is that the gravity wave is the energy ditch or lower energy area that travels in the Higgs field. If a gravity wave faces some other energy wave that energy wave can fall into the energy ditch or gravity wave. And that thing makes the energy impulse through space and time. 

But then we can think of things like supernovas as the things that can confirm the weakly interacting massive particles, WIMP's existence. The major question is always can the WIMP exists, and the other thing is that. Can regular, or visible material turn into the WIMP? 

The model is that when the energy travels out from the material elementary particles can turn flat. And it's possible that those flat particles can rotate around its axle. That turns the WIMP look like a twisted rag. When energy fields hit those particles they form the energy vacuum or energy shadow around that particle. The quantum fields start to travel into that bubble when the distance of the object is far enough. The WIMP is a theoretical object. 

Things like supernova explosions that happen near Earth can uncover the mystery. But it's possible that we must wait for Betelgeuse to explode as a supernova before we can make those observations. 

https://scitechdaily.com/a-nearby-supernova-could-finally-solve-the-dark-matter-puzzle/

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-leap-scientists-reveal-the-shape-of-a-single-photon-for-the-first-time/

https://scitechdaily.com/supermassive-black-holes-defy-physics-to-become-cosmic-titans/

New observations about binary star systems there are only regular stars show that gravitation breaks at low acceleration.

New observations about binary star systems there are only regular stars show that gravitation breaks at low acceleration.

Does dark matter play a bigger role in gravitation than we thought? Is it possible that gravitation does not interact straight with visible material? In some models, gravitation interacts with dark matter. And dark matter acts medium between gravitation and visible material. 

So could dark matter be the lost fifth fundamental force? Or could dark matter be close to that fifth force? If that model is true the fifth force could be interaction between dark matter particles. 

So the model of the gravitational interaction goes like this. 

Gravitation>>>Dark matter>>>Visible materia. 

And the fifth force could be the interaction between dark matter particles. 

This is one question that MOND (Modified Newtonian Dynamics) can answer. Is it possible that dark matter is the thing that pulls particles into the gravitational center? The idea is not very common, but there is a possibility that gravitation doesn't interact directly with matter. The idea is that dark matter acts as a medium. Gravitation affects dark matter that starts to flow through the visible material. And then that dark matter pulls the visible particles into the gravitational centers.

"Artist’s concept of a collection of pulsars that detect gravitational waves from pairs of orbiting supermassive black holes. Credit: Aurore Simonnet for the NANOGrav Collaboration" (ScitechDaily.com/Evidence That Earth Is Enveloped in Slow-Rolling Sea of Gravitational Waves)

If WIMPs were born in a higher-energy universe, which means before visible matter, time would move differently in those hypothetical particles.

The idea is that WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) are very small particles that extremely large quantum fields surround. There are lots of Wimps, and they form a flow that pulls larger particles with them. We know that there is also dark matter on Earth, but because we cannot see those particles or anything else about that strange gravitational effect, we cannot calculate the mass of visible material on Earth.

If WIMPs are real particles, they could look similar to visible particles, but their shape or size is different from visible material. And one of the reasons for that could be that WIMPs were released at a different moment during the Big Bang than visible material. And if those hypothetical WIMPs formed at a moment when the energy level was higher, that means they formed before visible matter. That means time is different in WIMPs, or they exist at a different time than visible matter.

The black holes are gravitational centers. But Earth is also one of those gravitational centers. It's possible that in the middle of Earth is the point where dark matter particles, or WIMPs, are impacting. There is a possibility that the dark matter impacts also form gravitational waves near Earth. That means there are always gravitational waves around gravitational centers. But around Earth, they are much weaker than around the Sun or black holes.

There is the model that Earth is in the center of slow gravitational waves. And the source of those gravitational waves could be dark matter particles impacting in the middle of the Earth's nucleus. 

Could those colliding dark matter particles or gravitons the hypothetical gravitational transportation particles cause a situation in that gravitation is gone at that point? We know that inside all ball-shaped objects is the point where is no gravitation. The thing that causes this thing could be impacting dark matter particles or gravitons. 

Is it possible that Newton's and Einstein's gravitational models are suitable only in extremely strong gravitational fields? That means we cannot make working gravitational models by using regular objects. Only extreme cases where black holes are turning gravitation-dominating can make Einstein's and Newton's models true. 

Near black holes, gravitation closes other forces inside them. The gravitation presses time and space. connecting all fundamental forces into one entirety.  So standard gravitational models like the Theory of Relativity cannot be used to model weak gravitational fields. And that opens the path to MOND. And that forces us to rethink the gravitational effect.

Gravitation breaks at low acceleration And that supports MOND (Modified Newtonian Dynamics). That forces us to reconsider dark matter and gravitation. In those tests, researchers measured gravitational effects on regular binary stars. And they saw that at low accelerations, gravitation doesn't follow the model that Newton and Einstein calculated. That means there is something that forces us to think about gravitation again.

https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-66407099.amp

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/binary-stars-prove-modified-gravity/

https://www.livescience.com/dark-matter-may-cause-milky-way-to-glow.html

https://phys.org/news/2023-08-astronomers-dark-annihilation-center-earth.html

https://scitechdaily.com/conclusive-evidence-for-modified-gravity-collapse-of-newtons-and-einsteins-theories-in-low-acceleration/

https://scitechdaily.com/evidence-that-earth-is-enveloped-in-slow-rolling-sea-of-gravitational-waves/

https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10955

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/08/10/subatomic-particle-muon-science-research-fifth-force-nature/

https://www.universetoday.com/41878/wimps/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modified_Newtonian_dynamics

New evidence: black holes are the source of dark energy

Black holes are candidates for a source of dark energy. Dark energy is the free energy or wave movement that rips the universe into pieces. And the thing that makes dark energy mysterious is that there seem no sources for that wave movement.  

Sometimes introduced that dark energy is the gravitational maser effect where crossing gravitational waves interact with other particles. And that causes the mysterious wave movement. At this point, I must say that those particles can be virtual. The virtual particle can be the whirl or wave in the gravitational- or some other wave movement. 

The thing that makes dark energy interesting is if its source is in black holes. That could mean that the secret of antigravitation can hide in the dark energy. 

Sometimes antigravitation is described as oppositely acting gravitational wave movement. And that makes the dark energy interesting. 

In some gravitational models, gravitation is formed when three quantum fields around the quarks cross each other. That thing forms the electromagnetic tornado. In that model, the gravitational tornado is electromagnetic low-pressure. And that pulls the particles or objects to each other. 

The idea of antigravitation is simple. The model of gravitational waves is that gravitation is radiation. And if those gravitational rays are hollow that forms electromagnetic low-pressure in that gravitational ray or channel. And those hollow radiation channels form the tornado-shaped radiation form where electromagnetic wave movement acts like a tornado. 

The source of antigravitation or pushing gravitation can be:

In the middle of the gravitational channel. 

Or at the edge of the gravitational channel. 

So what is antigravitation? 

Antigravitation is the effect where the repelling effect of the gravitational wave channel turns stronger than the pulling effect. The gravitational tornado sends gravitational waves from its edges. Gravitational waves are electromagnetic wave movements just like X- or gamma-rays. So if the gravitational whirl rotates at too high a speed that makes the pushing gravitational effect stronger than an electromagnetic vacuum can pull. 

One way to make antigravitation could be by sending some particles through those gravitational tornadoes. And that thing makes them repel objects. Or in some other models, if the speed of that whirl-shaped wave movement is high enough, that thing makes gravitational tornado pushing. In the last model, the gravitational tornado turns so small that the energy that travels from its edge turns stronger than electromagnetic low pressure in that electromagnetic tornado. 

It's the gravitational wave statue or small-size gravitational tornado where the interaction between the walls or edge of that tornado is stronger than the pulling effect of the electromagnetic low-pressure. 

In that model, the gravitation pushes and pulls at the same time. Gravitation is like a channel where is the shell that forming of superstrings (or extremely thin wave movement bites). 

The ratio of the inside of the channel to its edge determines does that gravitational tornado pull or pushes. If the edge is larger, or its energy level is so high that electromagnetic low-pressure cannot repeal it that makes gravitation push.  In that model, the antigravitation forms at the gravitational tornado's edge. 

https://scitechdaily.com/cosmological-coupling-new-evidence-points-to-black-holes-as-source-of-dark-energy/

https://shorttextsofoldscholars.blogspot.com/

The cosmic inflation. And the thing that shouldn't be.

Image 1) 

Image 2) 

Image 1) This is what cosmic inflation should be. The universe's expansion should accelerate all the time because the gravitational effect turns weaker when the distance of particles increases. 

Image 2) This is what cosmic inflation is... The universe's expansion is too slow. That means theory and reality don't match. The image below is the theoretical model of the acceleration of the universe's expansion should be faster than it is. And that means we should re-estimate the cosmic inflation. 

The image on the top is what the universe's expansion should be. And the second image is what the expansion looks like. So that is the thing that some astronomers want to rule out cosmic inflation. The expansion of the universe is not as strong as it should be. 

And that causes problems. So there is the fixed model of cosmic inflation. In that model the inflation is two-staged.

1) Just after the Big Bang. Cosmic inflation was extremely powerful. In the young universe were particles that do not exist anymore. 

And those particles like photons with mass or "massive photons". When the universe turns colder those particles are destroyed. Or they turned to wave movement. That means the dark energy is the remnant of those particles. 

2) Cosmic inflation continues in modern times. But it's slower. The thing that causes this expansion is the dark energy or remnant of the ancient particles. The problem is that the acceleration of the expansion should be stronger than it is. If researchers can fix that model. That opens the way to dark energy and helps to create a more complete model of cosmology. 

The theory of dark energy is interesting. The question is why that wave movement doesn't cause visible interaction. Why does nothing resonate with that strange wave movement that rips the universe and cosmological theories in pieces? 

There is the possibility that the wavelength of that wave movement is so long that we just cannot see that resonance. So dark energy could be wave movement that is invisible because its wavelength is extremely long. Or the wavelength of the dark energy is extremely short. That means it could affect only the single superstring. That form quarks.

 Or it can resonate some part of gluons. In that model, the interaction between dark energy happens in the gluons. If gluon is a polar particle. It sends extra energy. That dark energy brings it to quarks. If those gluons or transmitter particles of a strong nuclear force are at the line of hypothetical poles of quarks. 

The existence of cosmic inflation is almost confirmed. Cosmic inflation means that the space's size to material expands. When the size of the universe expands the distance between particles grows. And because the distance between particles grows the gravitational effect and interaction between particles turn weaker. So the universe's expansion speed should accelerate. 

Another thing is that. Cosmic inflation is not what it should be. The expansion of the universe is not accelerating as fast as it should. The speed of acceleration is slower than it should be. That means there is too much material or too little energy in the system. 

When we think about the universe's geometrical shape the most common theory is that universe is flat or hyperbolic. The spheric universe is the only geometrical shape of the universe that will collapse. So the probability that the universe ends its fate in an expansion that continues forever is 1/3. But if the universe's origin is the Big Bang. 

"The local geometry of the universe is determined by whether the density parameter Ω is greater than, less than, or equal to 1".

"From top to bottom: a spherical universe with Ω > 1, a hyperbolic universe with Ω < 1, and a flat universe with Ω = 1. These depictions of two-dimensional surfaces are merely easily visualizable analogs to the 3-dimensional structure of (local) space". (Wikipedia.com/Shape of the universe)

The collapse of the universe requires that Ω > 1. That means there is a small possibility that the open universe can also be positive curvature. In that model, the universe would be like the bite of the spheric structure. 

If Ω = 1, the universe is flat.

If Ω > 1, the universe is positive curvature.

If Ω < 1, the universe is negative curvature.

That means the universe could be spheric. But if we think that the universe is flat, and the shape of the flat universe is like a disc. We can think that the universe's ultimate fate is not so easy to describe. There is a possibility that inside the universe are the sub-structures that can collapse even if the majority of material would continue its expansion forever.  

Or if we think that the Big Bang was a similar effect to the supernova. The Big Bang could form the time glass-shaped structure. That means the Big Bang along with the Schwinger effect formed two universes. But what was the Big Bang? Was it some kind of explosion in dark matter? That means the Big Bang was an event where the material reach a certain energy level. 

Dark matter or dark gravitation is the thing that made researchers believe in a big crunch. But then the dark energy caused the most common theory in cosmology is that the ultimate end of the universe is a big silence. That means the universe will continue its expansion forever. But then we must ask why cosmic inflation doesn't match with predictions. 

When we look at the cosmic timeline. We are facing one interesting question. Is there something that can push the universe from outside? Could there be something so powerful source of radiation outside the universe that it can affect the entirety?

If that hypothetical radiation source exists this thing can explain both dark matter and dark energy. The idea is that hypothetical radiation that comes outside the universe pushes objects and particles to the center of the universe. Then in the middle of the universe is forming a standing wave movement or some kind of tornado. That pushes this hypothetical radiation outside of the center of the universe. 

The fact is this nobody has ever seen that kind of radiation source. If the multiverse or another universe existed. That thing explains lots of things. But we must see another universe. Before, we can build that kind of model. The multiverse theory is not a theory. It's the philosophical logical series. 

Another universe could be a giant cloud of dark matter. But that thing is more philosophy than scientific theory.  

The idea of that theory is simple. Because we always are found new and larger structures like galaxy groups and cosmic web the logical step would be that there are other universes. But as I just wrote nobody saw another universe yet. Another universe would be another step in the series of mega- and Giga structures. The problem is that if the size of subatomic particles of another universe is different than visible material. Those universes would remain dark. 

https://astronomy.com/magazine/news/2021/01/the-beginning-to-the-end-of-the-universe-inflating-the-universe

https://www.space.com/18811-multiple-universes-5-theories.html

https://www.space.com/32728-parallel-universes.html

https://www.thebrighterside.news/post/harvard-and-cambridge-astrophysicists-solve-the-mystery-of-cosmic-inflation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_of_the_universe

https://shorttextsofoldscholars.blogspot.com/

The dark matter mystery.

In some theories, the Big Bang was the Schwinger effect which turned wave movement into particle-antiparticle pairs. The Big Bang was the annihilation that destroyed and reformed particles. A small asymmetry in the relation of particles caused the situation that the material that we know as material forms the universe. 

This thing is interesting because the Schwinger effect always forms the same number of particles and antiparticles. So where came those extra particles that formed material? 

The Big Bang was probably a series of events where material transformed into energy, and again energy transformed back into the material. But then we must realize that dark matter must come from somewhere. Dark matter is a mystery. In the young universe, there was lots of dark matter. And then dark energy replaced dark matter as the most dominating force in the universe. 

There is a possibility. That in the early universe was some type of material that is lost today. That explains why in the young universe was no dark energy. But there was more dark matter. Cosmic inflation explains why the density of dark matter decreases, but what is the origin of free or dark energy that causes the universe's expansion? 

Cosmic inflation means that material density comparison with space decreases. The idea is similar when the balloon is put in a vacuum chamber. The vacuum pulls the balloon larger. 

And the pressure inside it is decreasing. Problem is that the cosmic inflation theory requires that the universe's acceleration speed increases. 

The reason for that is when the distance between objects increases gravitational effect between them decreases. But that thing does not seem quite right. The expansion speed of the universe doesn't accelerate. Or it accelerates less than it should.  

Is the origin of dark energy the annihilation between unknown particle-antiparticle pairs? That means dark energy is an echo from the particles, destroyed a long time ago. 

If we think that the Big Bang formed two or three types of material. That might have no other interaction than gravitation.  In some models, the Big Bang released three types of matter. 

1)Cold Dark matter ********************1)Cold Dark matter

2)Hot Dark matter*******'** or********* 2)Visible material

3)Visible material *********************3)Hot dark matter

Even if dark matter consists of two versions of hot and cold dark matter, that doesn't mean that hot and cold dark matter has a stronger interaction than hot and cold dark matter and visible material. 

There is a possibility that visible matter is between cold and hot dark matter. The existence of hot and cold dark matter is not confirmed. But if visible material is between the hot and cold dark matter. That means dark matter interaction goes through the visible matter. So if that thing is true could the dark energy be the result of that unproven interaction? 

If visible material is between cold and dark matter that means the dark matter forms a giant maser effect in the universe. The idea in that model is that before the "real Big Bang" happened that event released dark matter. 

Then the ring of visible material is released, and finally, another wave of dark matter is released into the universe. That model is taken from nuclear bombs where lots of radiation is released just before the weapon explodes. 

The fact is that. Dark matter is not proven to be material at all. In some visions, the dark matter is some kind of gravitational maser effect. But that thing is very hard to prove. We know that there is some kind of gravitational effect whose source is unknown. And that's almost everything that we know about dark matter. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation_(cosmology)

https://shorttextsofoldscholars.blogspot.com/

Free energy model and dark energy

In some models, dark energy is the wave motion that travels between quarks and gluons. When the hill of that wave motion hits quarks and gluons. That wave motion rises their energy level. Then that energy impact pushes those things away from each other.  

In the case where the wave motion's bottom comes to the point of the gluon or quark. That removes energy from that point. And quarks and gluon are sending wave motion that pushes them away from each other. 

One description of dark energy is that is free energy. Free energy means energy that has no connection with material and reactions. 

Dark energy is a strange wave motion that seems to have no origin. So one description for dark energy could be free energy. That free energy seems to have no connection with any known reactions or particles in the universe. But dark energy is the thing that makes researchers believe that there is a final and the same particle or structure that is the origin of all known particles and wave motion. Wave motion is the synonym for energy in this text. 

The Schwinger effect proves that wave motion can turn to particle, and particle can turn to wave motion. So the material is one form of energy. That thing means that energy is wave motion. And the material can form straight from crossing wave motion. That thing forms only elementary particles. 

The elementary particles' main groups are. 

* Fermions that are forming material. 

* Bosons that are transporting nuclear interactions. 

Four fundamental interactions are from the smallest to the largest. 

*Strong nuclear force

*Weak nuclear force 

*Electromagnetism

*Gravitation 

When some researchers are talking about the fermion stars they forget one thing. Fermions like quarks and leptons form material. Hadrons like protons and neutrons are a combination of quarks. There are also many other subatomic structures, like gluons. Those things transport a strong nuclear force. 

There is a theory that dark energy forms when the energy makes the small strings between quarks oscillate. Or shaper saying those small channels or strings. That forming when gluons are jumping between quarks are acting like antennas and send wave motion to those quarks that are starting to oscillate and send that wave motion out from the atom. 

What makes dark energy so hard to detect? And what that thing tells about the dark energy and material?

Dark energy is the wave motion that is not possible to detect straight. The reason for that is there is a possibility that other wave motions are covering that wave motion below them. 

We can think of energy as a river. There are waves in the main flow. But if we are looking at those waves we can see that there are more details. On those waves is sub-waves. So maybe dark energy is wave motion that is riding with some other wave motion. Or maybe its source is in the oscillation of the particles. 

Superstring theory introduces particles as the yarn balls that form by the strings or quantum lightning that are orbiting the center. There could be some kind of wavy motion that is very hard to detect. 

In that model, the wavy motion of those superstrings is not synchronous. So those superstrings can wave separately, and that thing makes it possible that there is wave motion that we cannot see because its effect is so weak. And why it's so weak? The reason for that is that the area where those waves affect is so small. 

In some models, dark energy is some kind of medium between gravitational waves and some other energy forms. In that model, the effective area of the wave motion is called dark energy. Is so small that we simply cannot measure that interaction. 

We know that dark energy has no connection with any reaction or material. So it's the form of free energy. And all energy must have some kind of source. That means that the source of the dark energy could be so small a particle that it causes so small-area interaction that cannot measure. 

How are the material and space formed?

When we think about space and material we can say that material is only a dense part of space. That means there is something that makes space denser at the point where is material. And that thing makes the material so interesting. 

Material is not separate from space and the universe the bubble that involves all known material. So the material is part of the universe. Not separated from it. And the universe is part of a bigger entirety called space. 

Nobody knows what is outside the universe. There could be a cosmic vacuum where is only wave motion. That travels away from the universe. That vacuum pulls the universe larger and larger. 

In this model time is the energy. When the universe expands it turns colder and colder. 

This process continues until the universe reaches energy same energy level as the space around it. When the energy in the universe ends. And all particles turn to wave motion. At that moment, the universe's existence as the quantum system ends. 

Of course, somebody says that wave motion and superstrings still exist. And information about the universe remains. But this is not a story about the ultimate fate of the universe. 

Universe also involves a strange gravitational effect that is unknown to us. And maybe there are other universes, but maybe we can never confirm that thing. So multiverse is more philosophy than scientific theory. 

But when we are talking about dark matter. We should rather talk about dark gravitation or gravitational effect whose source is unknown. 

Same way dark energy is the wave motion whose source is unknown. The only thing that we know about dark energy is that strange wave motion rips the universe into pieces. 

And in some theories, the source of that dark interaction is in strings between quarks. When those energy channels are oscillating that sends wave motion across space. And because that interaction affects so small structures that explain why it's so hard to detect. 

But dark energy and dark matter tell that some structure is common to all particles. And that structure that is involved in all particles is the thing that we can call graviton. Or is it so? The thing is that we should look at this structure somewhere in the elementary particles. 

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There is the possibility that the source of gravitation is at the core of the particle. 

The idea of this model is that a particle with high-speed spin forms electromagnetic low-pressure near its core. And then, the wave motion from space will travel to that particle. 

In that model, the particle is like a whisk. The quantum lightning or superstrings surround some internal structure. When that particle spins at high speed. It forms electromagnetic low-pressure near its core. 

The idea is that the quantum vapor forms when the quantum field around the particle turns weaker. And the reason for that is the expansion of the universe. That thing makes particles "hairy". That hair is the superstrings were magnetic or quantum fields touch. 

 And sometimes those "hairs" are touching the quantum field around the particle. That moves energy to that particle. But that hair also sends wave motion through that quantum field. So that thing explains both dark energy and gravitation. 

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When we are thinking about material and the smallest known particles there is a possibility that the elementary particles are the power fields. Or they are formed of superstrings that make them look like a whisk-looking structure.  In this model, the superstrings (or quantum lightning) are orbiting the central structure of the particles.  And that structure explains why the qubit is possible. 

If that whisk-looking structure spins at a very fast speed. That could push electromagnetic or quantum fields away from that particle. That thing forms the electromagnetic low pressure near the particle. So, could the gravitation be the effect that forms at the surface of the elementary particle? 

Could dark energy be the pushing and dark matter pulling gravitational effect?

The dark interaction and antigravitation. 

The standing gravitation wave that makes impacting gravitational waves reflect can be the key to antigravitation or pushing gravitational effect. 

Are dark matter and dark energy two-way interactions of gravitation? So could dark energy be antigravitation and dark matter be gravitation in the form we know it? If that thing is true that means gravitation has similar two-way interaction. 

All other fundamental forces have two-way interaction and they push and pull particles. So why the dark energy cannot be the hypothetical antigravitation or pushing gravitation? And dark matter could be the regular pulling gravitation. 

*Dark energy is energy that rips the universe into pieces. 

*Dark matter is the mysterious gravitational effect that keeps dwarf galaxies in one structure. Nobody has seen dark matter. And the only known interaction between dark matter and visible matter is gravitation. 

*So the name of the dark matter should be dark gravitation. Nobody even knows if dark matter existed. 

*Or could the reason for that unknown effect be the virtual particles? And one virtual particle type is a standing gravitational wave. 

*If a standing gravitational wave is possible, that thing could make antigravitation possible. 

*The idea is that the energy level of that standing gravitational wave is higher than impacting gravitational waves that cause gravitational reflection. 

*And maybe that thing makes antigravitation or pushing gravitational effect possible. 

*So, could dark energy and dark matter be antigravitation and gravitation? 

Dark energy is a strange force that rips the universe into pieces. And dark matter is the gravitational effect that pushes particles away from each other. Dark energy and dark matter are forming a thing that we can call "dark interaction". 

So dark energy is pushing. And dark matter or dark gravitation is pulling particles together. Does that mean there is a question are they part of the same force? In some of the most fundamental speculations, dark energy and dark matter is the gravitation that is turned upside down. Is it possible? Can gravitation turn its mirror effect? 

Gravitation is radiation or wave motion. So gravitation can put travel to focus like all other radiation. And there is a possibility that while the gravitation travels across that focus. They are turning to their mirror waves. And that thing makes it possible that somewhere in the universe the gravitational effect turns to the opposite. 

There is a possibility. That some kind of gravitational loop or gravitational lensing is turning the gravitation to its mirror effect. In that kind of theoretical situation, coherent gravitational waves are traveling through the gravitational lens. And that lens forms the focus where gravitational waves are turning to the opposite. But could that effect cause that gravitation turns to its opposite force? 

While gravitational waves are traveling in space they will turn very weak. And if another side of the gravitational wave is at a higher energy level. That thing means that the gravitational wave can turn upside down. 

When quantum entanglement breaks. And the particles are starting to travel in different directions. We are always forgetting to explain how that thing happens. Before quantum entanglement is formed the particles must take superposition. That means that two elementary particles start to oscillate with the same frequency. 

Then if the energy level of those particles is different. There is forming an energy bridge between them. When the energy level of those particles is turning to the same level that pushes those particles away. 

When the quantum entanglement reaches energy stability. That breaks the structure. Wave motion that source is in both particles impacting in that energy channel it forms the virtual particle or energy bubble. And then the energy that reflects from that virtual particle pushes those particles at both ends of the quantum entanglement away. 

https://astronomyandtechnology.blogspot.com/

Pauli Exclusion Principle. And the universe's existence.

Could Pauli's Exclusion Principle explain dark energy? Could that wave motion be the interaction of identical particles? There should be no identical fermions in the entire universe. But when particles are reaching the minimum energy level they cannot transform anymore. 

Pauli's Exclusion Principle means that there are no two identical fermions in the same quantum system. And the universe is one quantum system. We are part of that quantum system. 

But there is one place where two fermions can turn identical. That place is the minimum energy level. And if some electrons reach the absolute minimum energy level of the system. They turn identical. That causes the effect where those electrons push each other away from the system. 

Or otherwise thinking the superstrings can form a similar interaction as fermions or every other particle in the world. And there is a possibility that if there are superstrings at minimum energy level those superstrings are starting to repel each other. 

What happens if all particles in the universe reach the same energy level? That thing destroys the entire universe. The reason for that is that when two particles are closing the same energy level they start to repel each other. 

In cosmic inflation, space expands in comparison to the material. That means the particle's energy levels or quantum states are closing each other and particles are turning much more like each other. And that thing means that the particles are pushing themselves away from each other. 

When two electrons or some other similar fermions like quarks reach the minimum energy level of the system they will become identical. And that means the wave motion of those particles pushes them away. 

The same thing happens when the quantum entanglement's energy level turns stable. When the energy level of the quantum entanglement turns stable. That thing forms wave motion that pushes the particles away from each other. 

The reason for that is that when the wave motions of the particles are impacting they form standing wave motion. And sooner or later the energy level of standing wave motion turns higher than outcoming wave motion. So the reflection from that virtual particle pushes those particles away from each other. 

And the question is could the dark energy be the interaction of the particles that are in the minimum energy level? When two electrons are reaching the minimum energy level they turn identical. And then the wave motion that leaves from those particles would push them away. 

The Pauli Exclusion Principle means that there are no similar fermions in the same quantum state. That means as an example electrons must have different energy levels. And there are not two identical fermions in the entire universe. 

That thing is one of the base principles that are keeping quantum systems as one entirety. If there would be identical fermions or two similar fermions in the same quantum state. That means they have absolutely the same energy level they would form wave motion that has the same wavelength, height, and frequency. When that wave impacts another similar wave. 

That causes the standing wave. That thing would push all particles away from each other. That means two similar particles would destroy the entire system. Quantum entanglement will be broken when two particles have the same energy level. Or actually, the quantum entanglement will be broken when the energy level of superpositioned and entangled particles are closing each other. 

That means when the wave motion that is leaving from those particles is sliding to an identical form. They are starting to push particles away from each other. 

The Pauli Exclusion Principle means that some fermions are at higher energy levels than others. And that thing leaves energy space to flow from the higher energy particles to lower energy particles. 

When those particles' energy levels are closing each other that causes the quantum states of particles are closing each other. And that thing means that the particles are turning closer to each other that thing causes the wave motion that pushes particles away from each other. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauli_exclusion_principle

https://miraclesofthequantumworld.blogspot.com/

Could the dark energy be the result of a vacuum around the universe?

In some wild theories. Dark energy or dark wave motion forms when the tachyon hits this dimension. Dark energy is wave motion that rips the universe into pieces. 

Sometimes the source of dark energy is explained as when the quarks inside the protons or neutrons are oscillating they send wave motion. The reason for that oscillation is gluons. 

Gluons are traveling between quarks. Whenever gluon hits the quark it takes energy from it. And when a gluon that transports the strong nuclear force travels between quarks it releases its energy. 

And there is some yet unknown particle that locates between gluon and quark. When a gluon that travels between quarks impacts that yet-unknown particle. It sends radiation that wavelength is the same as that yet unknown particle. 

Is this the idea of Gran Unified Theory (GUT)?

But why strong nuclear force is so strong? The area where that strong nuclear interaction effect is very small if we are comparing it with gravitation or electromagnetism. And the idea of the GUT is this. The diameter of the affected area determines the name of the force. 

So the idea of the GUT is that every four fundamental forces, gravitation, electromagnetism, weak- and strong nuclear forces are the same force. 

A strong nuclear interaction is an interaction between gluon and quark. There is a possibility that this interaction happens when the superstrings are starting to travel between quark and gluon. When one superstring is turning to spiral and forms a quantum tornado. That effect will pull another superstring inside it.

 Then that quantum spiral starts to input energy to the quantum string that is inside the quantum spiral. That system works like a laser and the radiation that comes ends of the internal super- or quantum string pushes the particles away from the ends of that quantum channel. And that thing is the form of dark energy. 

Tachyon is the hypothetical faster-than-light particle that would not be possible in our universe. But outside the universe where nothing can slow particles, the tachyon could exist. The reason for that is simple. nothing can travel faster than light in our universe. In our universe quantum fields are slowing the speed of all particles. 

But outside our universe is no quantum fields. That means there could be tachyons. So are tachyons particles that source outside the universe? When that kind of particle hits the quantum field. It releases its energy as wave motion.  That interaction transforms the tachyon to some other particle immediately. 

So if the tachyon comes outside the universe and hits this plasma ball it sends radiation. And there is the possibility that tachyons are ordinary particles that are hitting our universe from outside it. When we are thinking of conditions that those hypothetical particles are facing when they hit our universe from outside it they are traveling faster than any particle in the universe. Gravitation accelerates them. And when they hit the plasma and quantum fields. They send radiation because their speed is too high for our universe. And that idea is that the particles that origin is outside our universe are tachyons. 

Anyway, even if tachyons existed. Their existence rests in an extremely short moment. And if tachyons are dark energy and dark matter that explains why we cannot measure those things. When tachyon comes to our universe it will immediately turn into a Higgs boson or some yet unknown particle. So that tachyon would send radiation when it turns to som another particle. And could that thing explain why the source of dark energy is unknown? If tachyon existed. Its lifetime is shorter than Higgs boson's lifetime. 

There are three places where we could find those hypothetical tachyon particles. 

1) Outside the Universe

2) Near Black Holes

3) In Boötes Void. 

In that great nothing, every particle travels faster than outside it. So when that hyper-speed particle hits the outer edge of the Boötes void that thing sends radiation. And that radiation pushes particles away from each other. So that kinds of areas can cause cosmic inflation or expansion of the universe. 

When tachyons hit the quantum field they change their form immediately, because they release energy quantum. And that makes it very hard to detect them. The theory goes like this: When a tachyon hits the quantum field, it releases its kinetic energy to that quantum field. That energy impulse covers other tachyons behind it. 

And even if tachyon existed, that particle is a very small and short-living thing. So there is the possibility. That tachyon sends radiation that wave motion is unique. And that radiation is dark energy. The gravitational effect of tachyons is dark matter But confirming this thing, is extremely difficult. And that means the tachyon can remain a theoretical particle. 

The idea of this thought is simple. Because the universe expands the energy travels from it. To the vacuum that is around it. The reason for that is that energy in the universe is higher than in the vacuum around it. And the quantum system is always attempting to reach the minimum energy level. The universe is the largest known quantum system. But there is a vacuum around it. 

And that thing causes that energy flows to that vacuum. The vaporization of material causes the energy level in the universe to rise in comparison to the material. The vaporization means that the material turns to wave motion or superstrings. So superstrings are extremely thin bites of the wave motion. 

There is a possibility that dark energy is a virtual force. That thing forms when at the edge of the universe is nothing that limits the speed of particles and light. In this text "edge of the universe" means the most out plasma the Big Bang released. And outside our universe is no quantum fields and the material is extremely sparse. In that area where the universe impacts with great nothingness material and light travel faster than anywhere else. Otherwise, the gravitation of the universe slows those particles. 

When those particles and superstrings are traveling away from the universe gravitation affects those objects. When giant galaxies are in a straight line with each other. That slows the speed of superstrings and particles. When that thing happens those things are releasing their kinetic energy as the wave motion. 

The thing with gravitation is that it's not stable in the universe. When super-heavy objects are in line gravitation is stronger. And that slowing the speed causes energy impulses. When some particle sends wave motion it sends a little bit of its mass. But the wave motion that the particle sends pushes quantum fields around the particle away. And then another quantum field must fill that thing. 

In another version, the extremely fast particles and wave motion cause an effect that there is some kind of vacuum behind them. If there is a small electromagnetic or quantum tunnel behind particles or superstrings that electromagnetic tunnel will fill by quantum fields. 

When that thing happens those fields impact each other. That thing forms virtual particles. Virtual particles act like real particles. And that could explain why we cannot see dark matter. In that theory, dark matter is the strong quantum field that acts like visible material. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%C3%B6tes_Void

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Unified_Theory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyon

Can the dark energy be the reflection from the edge of the material ball called the universe?

The source of dark energy is unknown. There is the possibility that dark energy is reflection radiation that comes from the edge of the material that forms the universe. In this text, the material that is forming the universe is called the universe. And the space where that material is is the space. So the universe is a giant plasma ball where are galaxies and stars.

There is the possibility that dark energy is the reflected radiation that comes from the most out layer of that system. When that energy impacts that plasma it travels between those plasma particles. And then it starts to flow back into the universe. That thing makes the energy level of the universe higher than it should be. 

When did that reflection happen? And, does it happen all the time is a mystery. But the idea is that the dark energy reflects from something and that forms a similar effect to the mirror box that surrounds the candle. That thing reflects the energy inside the universe. And the reason why there is too much energy in our universe is that it reflects. In some other explanations, other universes are the source of that energy. 

There is no edge of space, where the universe is. But there is the most out edge of the material. When the Big Bang send a shockwave across space there was a total vacuum. Nothing limited the speed of that shockwave. Except for one thing gravitation. The gravitation slows the speed of that first shockwave. And then the incoming radiation reached that shockwave. Behind that shockwave, the superstrings followed it.

And then the incoming electromagnetic radiation reached that bubble. The form of that bubble could be electromagnetic wave motion or a giant group of superstrings or some kind of plate of quarks and gluons. That bubble sends wave motion also to the inside of the universe. That wave motion united in the focus of the center of the universe.

 So if the point where the Big Bang happened was some kind of black hole. That thing causes the increase of the energy level in the middle of that black hole. And there is the possibility that the black hole detonated. If there is radiation that travels to the most out plasma of the universe. That thing causes the reflection where all radiation impacts the same point in the middle of the universe. 

Why do some researchers believe that a black hole is in the middle of the universe?  The reason for that is that all galaxies in the universe seem to travel in the same direction. That thing is called cosmic fluid. But confirmation of the existence of that hypothetical black hole requires that researchers can detect the gamma-ray pillars of that object. And that thing is not seen yet. 

So if the hypothesis of the giant black hole or mass center in the middle of the universe is true that thing causes energy flow to the plasma. That should surround the most distant galaxies. And then energy flows across the entire plasma ball. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_fluid

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_flow

Image: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_flow

There are very odd dark matter halos in the just-found ultra-diffuse galaxies.

The Ultra Diffuse Galaxies (UDG:s) or extreme low luminosity galaxies are places where are two extremities of the dark matter should exist. So there are cold and hot dark matter if those things are real. Those galaxies are very old star cluster formations. And UDG:s are full of neutron stars, black holes, and white dwarfs. 

The material density of those galaxies is less than 1% of the Milky Way. But their mass can be the same as regular galaxies. That means most of the material that is inside those galaxies is in invisible form. Of course, lots of materials that are in those galaxies are in black holes and other objects that are not producing energy. 

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Dark matter means gravitational effect. That is the second dominating thing in the universe. But the thing that is forming that effect is invisible. 

Dark matter is the gravitational effect that is one of the most mysterious things in the universe. There are a couple of theories. That is making possible why researchers cannot see that mysterious thing. 

1) Dark matter is a virtual particle. That forms when gravitational waves are impacting. So the standing gravitational waves can make it possible that the gravitation would have a similar effect on the material. 

2) If dark matter is not self-gravitating that thing can turn dark energy to gravitation. In that model, the dark matter forms a whirl of dark energy that acts like gravitation. 

The reason, why some researchers believe that dark matter is not self-gravitating is that UDG:s are spiral-shaped structures. So there is a fascinating model that dark matter is the thing that forms dark energy in a tornado. And that quantum tornado will pull particles. 

When that kind of quantum tornado forms. Energy travels from the higher energy level to the lower energy level. That thing acts like a vacuum that pulls wave motion inside it. And then the object starts to ride with that wave motion. In that case, dark matter is the spontaneous quantum tornado that acts like real particles. 

There is mentioned that if dark matter is self-gravitating those UDG:s should be ball-shaped. So dark matter should also pull visible material in that extremely thin plasma to ball-size form.  

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Image 2) NGC 1052-DF2, an ultra diffuse galaxy. (Wikipedia)

A large part of the material is stored in black holes and neutron stars. 

If there are black holes in the UDG, that black holes will not send as powerful  X- and gamma rays as black holes that are in the Milky Way. Because UDG:s  is less material that can fall in those black holes. 

The fact is that in UDG:s there is the possibility to see the shadow of the halo of dark matter. And the thing that makes UDG:s very interesting is that they are not ball-shaped objects. 

But there is the possibility that the ball of dark matter that surrounds those galaxies pulls them to disk. In this model, UDG is in the equator of the invisible ball of dark matter. And gravitation pulls that disk from both sides. That symmetric gravitation effect turns the visible material of ultra-diffuse galaxy to disk-shaped. 

So there is a possibility that at least another type of dark matter is not self-gravitating. There is the possibility that the dark matter is the gravitational effect is virtual particles. If standing gravitational waves are possible. 

That explains why we cannot see dark matter. In that model impacting gravitational waves form standing wave motion or standing gravitational waves. Those short-living gravitational centers could explain why we cannot see dark matter. But if dark matter doesn't create its gravitational effect itself, that thing means that this thing can turn dark energy into gravitational waves. 

https://scitechdaily.com/dark-matter-halos-of-newly-discovered-ultra-diffuse-galaxies-are-very-odd/amp/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_diffuse_galaxy

Image: https://scitechdaily.com/dark-matter-halos-of-newly-discovered-ultra-diffuse-galaxies-are-very-odd/amp/

Image 2) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_diffuse_galaxy

Dark energy rips the universe into pieces.

Multiverse: again.

The multiverse can explain why there is too much energy in our universe. That energy rips the universe into pieces. Is multiverse theory or religion? The fact is that multiverse is rather a philosophical dilemma or tool than real scientific theory. It's a tool used to model, why there is so difficult to exchange information between two dominating extremely complex quantum systems. 

When we think of the universe as a complex quantum system, we should say that universe is the complicated sum of multiple internally positioned extremely complicated quantum systems. And most of that system is invisible to us.

There is the possibility that there is another universe inside our universe. In some theories, dark matter can form glimpses and even planets. But there is one problem with that theory. 

We have no confirmed contacts or observations about the dark matter. It's the possibility that in Muon G-2 tests the anomaly in the muon's trajectory caused an impact with an unknown particle. 

So could dark matter be those "unknown particles"? Nobody knows that. We have only the gravitational effect that we call dark matter. 

Dark matter and dark energy are the missing parts. And that means we can see only a small part of that system. Only less than five percent of the universe is formed of atoms. 

The expansion of the universe cause also problems for the calculations. Cosmic inflation means that the distance between particles is increasing. And that thing increases the effect of dark energy. The source of dark energy is unknown. 

Sometimes that energy is introduced being gravitational effect or scattering gravitational waves. But could gravitational waves scatter or reflect? When gravitational waves are crossing each other. That can cause they can break into pieces and reflect other gravitational waves. 

We don't know gravitational reflection. But theoretically, it's possible. Gravitation is wave motion like all other wave motions. And that means it should reflect like light. But there is no evidence about reflecting gravitational waves. The reflection of gravitational waves makes it possible to create anti-gravitation. 

And theoretically, it is possible to create a form called gravitational stealth. In gravitational stealth, the gravitational waves slide over the surface without affecting it. 

Relations of material and energy in the young universe and modern universe. "Estimated division of total energy in the universe into the matter, dark matter, and dark energy based on five years of WMAP data". (Wikipedia: Dark energy.) Image: Wikipedia: Dark energy.

In stealth planes in which stealth technology bases the soft curves radio waves slide across the surface without causing a reflection. So in those planes, the radiowaves are traveling over the target that denies the radar echo. And maybe that thing is possible to create also for gravitational waves. 

There are theories that dark energy is formed in particles. That existed just after the Big Bang. But if dark energy is radiation or wave motion that travels with the speed of light. That means that it should travel at the front of our universe. So could dark energy be the cloud of gravitons that are traveling at the front of our known universe? In that model, the Big Bang released a large number of gravitons before the quark-gluon plasma formed. 

There is the possibility that dark energy is the cross-pulling gravitational effect that the source is outside the universe. But proving that thing is at least challenging. Our universe is the remnant of a high-energy event called the Big Bang. Even if other universes: remnants of other Big Bangs exist there is the possibility that we ever see them. 

There is the possibility that around the universe where we are living is a standing gravitational wave that denies the gravitation of other universes reaching our universe. And because our universe is dominating the radiation that comes from objects in our universe covers the other universes. So that means we cannot see those universes. We cannot prove their existence. 

Dark matter or the invisible gravitational effect could explain something about dark energy.

There are galaxies full of dark matter. And galaxies, there is no dark matter. So in theory, dark matter can form glimpses that we can call planets or dark matter nebulas. The problem is that we can see only the gravitational effect that comes from something invisible. So the second dominating effect in the universe is almost unknown. 

Dark matter glimpses send gravitational waves similar way to all other massive targets. And that means when some particle travels through the dark matter nebula that nebula pumps gravitational energy to that particle. 

Sometimes introduced a theory that dark matter is virtual material. In that case, the dark matter or that gravitational effect is formed by the maser effect of the gravitational waves. When gravitational waves impact together. They have a similar effect to all other wave motions. When wave motion impacts other wave motion that has the same frequency. That increases the power of the wave motion. Same way as gravitation turns the direction of photons. 

It turns the direction of gravitational waves. In the same way, gravitational lenses are turning the direction of light. They are turning in the direction of gravitational waves. So if gravitational waves are traveling through the focus of the gravitational lens. That increases the power of the gravitational waves. 

When that particle comes out from the dark matter cloud it sends extra energy as the radiation quantum. The same way the neutrino acts when it impacts with neutrino detector.When a particle that has mass impacts water it sends a blue light flash. 

Same way when all other particles are slowing in the universe. They are sending light quantum. So when dark matter glimpse accelerates the particle it must release that extra energy when it slows. And in this point, we must realize that the speed of light might be different with dark matter than visible matter. 

When dark matter sends energy quantum that thing acts like a photon. Se that energy quantum faces the crossing wave motion. If the source of that energy or light quantum is in the dark matter particle it interacts with the energy quantum that is coming from other dark matter particles. 

But if that thing is true and dark energy is the radiation that comes from dark matter. That causes this part of the energy sources are not involved in calculations. And that thing explains why there is too much energy in space. 

The fact is that there is the possibility that dark matter is virtual material. In that case, the thing that makes this gravitational effect is the maser emission that affects gravitational waves.

Gravitation is the wave motion. And that means it's one kind of radiation. If gravitational waves impact each other, they form a similar effect to lasers and masers. When gravitational waves impact each other, that increases their power. That thing means that gravitational waves can theoretically form objects like black holes. 

When somebody says, that a black hole formed from dark matter or straight from gravitational waves that thing doesn't mean anything about the shape of the black hole. The black hole is always similar. Material that forms this thing is packed in a form called the singularity. In that form time, and material are the same.  

Even if a black hole is formed of antimatter. That material cannot react. The massive gravitation will make the annihilation impossible. And even if a thing may pull radiation black inside it. So that annihilation will be invisible from the outside of the black hole. Except that object could send the gravitational waves at that moment. 

https://astronomyandtechnology.blogspot.com/

Are black holes that could transport information from the future to the past the source of dark energy?

There is the possibility that there are many sources of dark energy. And one of them could be the black holes that transport energy from the end of the universe to the Big Bang. 

One version of the theories of dark energy is that the energy level of the Big Bang was higher than researchers expected. And one of the reasons was that the black holes are time loops that take the material to the point of spacetime where black holes formed. 

So black holes' structure would be like a cosmic hurricane. And if we think that the black hole itself is the tube that transports material from the past the length of that tube determines the energy level of the material. So there is the possibility that some part of the energy that formed the Big Bang came from the future. And that thing can explain why there is too much energy in the universe. 

The thing that supports this theory is time dilation. When the escaping velocity crosses the speed of light time starts to move backward. And material should travel to the point where the black hole formed. The thing is that while traveling through that gravitational tornado material releases its energy. One of the reasons for that is that the black hole itself is an extremely "cold object". No material can interact straight with the other material. And almost all interaction between material inside the black hole and outside happens through the gravitational and photonic whirl. That whirl forms a transition disk around that object. 

That interaction rises the temperature or energy level of that material, causing a situation where a black hole brings little information from the past to the present. Image 2 is a diagram of a tropical hurricane. But also black holes are forming whirling around them. So that same diagram can use to introduce the energy flow in and around the black hole.  

Image 2:) Could the structure of the black hole look like a tropical hurricane? 

The shape or form of those phenomena could be the same. But in the case of black holes, the power of the whirl is more powerful. And there is also a photon ring that orbits the black hole. So the form of the tropic storm is similar to black holes. Except black hole is a more powerful phenomenon. 

Black hole forms when the supernova's shockwave creates an electromagnetic vacuum, and then that electromagnetic vacuum pulls the wave motion and particles to the entirety called the singularity. In that vacuum, those particles' speed rises so high that they melt together in the form called a singularity. 

Or in some other cases, the gravitation simply crushes the entire star into the black hole. Which one is the origin of each black hole depends is there some debris or other remnants around the black hole? 

Could the form of black holes explain the dark energy? There is the possibility that the tropic hurricane can be a similar, but much weaker phenomenon than the black hole. In the model where the black hole is the time loop that takes information to the point in spacetime where it formed could hide the secret of the dark energy. 

If information flows in a black hole by following a similar formula as the tropic storm. The black hole is the wormhole through time. That wormhole is like a pillar that collects energy from its journey. And then that means if there is a black hole. That exists in the beginning and at the end of the universe. 

It collects energy from the beginning to the end of the universe. That means the energy level of the particles that are traveling through the black hole depends on the time that the black hole exists. So long-living black holes are transporting more energy to the past than short living version. And we can say that supernovas were at a too high or higher energy level in the past than researchers calculated. 

When information falls into the black hole it falls into the past. But as we know that information or superstrings that are the thing that moves in wave motion will get energy from that falling material. So the black hole is like the eye of the storm. All material and information fall in that gravitational tornado. And then the particles around that whirl are jumping to an extremely high energy level. 

There is the possibility, that the particles that fall through the black hole are coming out from the supernova that formed the black hole. There is the possibility that the energy level of some particles is turning so high that the universe cannot keep them inside. So some of those particles are dropping back into the universe and form energy that should not be. 

Dark energy: when stars shine is too bright.

 

The description of dark energy is simple. There is too much energy in the universe. 

Sometimes some researchers say that stars are shining too brightly. And that thing means there is some kind of unknown external or internal source for mysterious dark energy. Or actually, dark energy is no mystery at all. Its wave motion which source is unknown.  But what is the source of that mysterious wave motion? 

There is a couple of explanations for dark energy. 

1) Dark energy could be the wave motion that is coming outside the universe. That means there should be some energy sources that make this thing possible. So that thing (almost) proves the existence of the multiverse. 

2) Dark energy could be the quantum soundwaves coming from the quarks and gluons. The strong nuclear force is the interaction between quarks and gluons. And when gluon travels between quarks it causes a similar effect to the hammer that hits metal balls. 

In this model, there are two different types of dark energy. 

A) Gluons are sending short-wave dark energy

B) Quarks can be the source of long-wave dark energy. 

So dark energy can be radiation that comes from the gluons and quarks. And if we are thinking about the wavelengths of that radiation the shorter wavelength that comes from the gluons can be the hot dark energy. And the radiation that comes from the quarks is cold dark energy with a longer wavelength. 

3) There is an unknown source of dark energy. And that source could be graviton or some more exotic particle than we ever modeled before. Graviton is the source of gravitational waves if that particle existed. So if the graviton exists the place of that, still hypothetical particle is (almost certainly) between the gluon and quark. 

If graviton exists that could be extremely short living. If graviton is like the quantum spark that turns to wave motion immediately. That thing explains many things. That explains why we cannot observe gravitons. In that model, graviton turns wave motion immediately when it releases from its position. 

So that means graviton could be the chameleon particle. That we are looking for. In that model, the graviton is in all particles that have mass. But when graviton is released, it turns to wave motion. 

When graviton collapses it could pull another hypothetical tachyon particle into our universe.  

Or there is the possibility that when graviton collapse. That thing pulls the hypothetical tachyon particle from another dimension to our universe. As I many times wrote before, the dimension is energy level. In the same way, we can think that speed is also energy level. 

Tachyons are hypothetical  "faster than light" particles. But otherwise thinking we might say that tachyons are particles whose energy level is too high that we cannot observe them. So that means those tachyons are a little bit less exotic than we expected. 

Dark energy simply means that there is too much energy in the universe. 

What is dark energy? The answer for that is dark energy is wave motion that rips the universe into pieces. So description for dark energy can be that there is too much energy in the universe. And that means dark energy is wave motion whose source is unknown. 

One thing in dark energy is simple. It exists. Or the force that rips the universe into pieces exists. And that thing is one of the biggest questions in astronomy. What causes this strange wave motion that rips the universe into pieces? 

Dark energy shows that the standard model of physics is incomplete. The reason for that is that we cannot make a complete model of the system without complete information about that system. If some part of the system is missing the observation cannot match with theoretical models. 

The thing that makes dark energy interesting is that in quantum systems is one rule. Any system itself cannot create energy. It just can transform the form of the energy. So all extra energy that comes to the system must come outside of the system. Or if there are no other systems there must be an unknown component in the system that is the source of that energy.

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