Showing posts with label space systems. Show all posts
Showing posts with label space systems. Show all posts

Wednesday, August 20, 2025

Species hybrides.

  Species hybrides. 



The Chinese researchers transplanted human neurons to mice. 

This kind of research is possible in countries like China. If those experiments are accepted. Or seen as useful by governments, that means that those tests are well-authorized. The human neurons in the mouse's brain make it possible to research those neuron reactions in certain situations. That gives researchers more information on how things happen between neurons. But that also makes it possible to make things like intelligent puppies. Those genetically engineered pets can make people's lives easier. They can offer help to people. Who have certain limitations. 

Staling and his idea of humanzees, the monkey soldiers, still live in memories. The humanzee-soldiers were suitable for Stalin’s ideology. He wanted soldiers who don’t think. Their purpose was only to serve his personal ideas. And that means they should not think of anything else than how to serve the “Father sunshine”. Stalin wanted robots, not humans. The only accepted morality and ethics in Stalin’s Soviet Union were what Stalin wanted. The only accepted ethics was to follow the rules of the secret police and Joseph Stalin. And the only purpose of research and life was to serve the nation and Stalin himself. 

But the intelligent pets are not the only thing that makes this kind of research very interesting. Intelligent animals can perform many jobs for the military and law enforcement. But those intelligent pets are also key to Stalin’s mad dream about monkey soldiers. Those monkey soldiers were soldiers who had monkey brains. And Stalin’s notorious operator in that idea was Ilya Ivanov (1870-1932). That person transplanted a dog's head between two individuals. Ivanov had no knowledge of the immune system.  

That made those visions of the humanzee useless. But today, technology allows researchers to create hybrid species. And maybe the horrifying visions of the humanzees live in some dictator's head. Today, there is a possibility. To connect DNA bites from different species. And that makes those things that Ivanov tested possible.


And those experiments included the cases where an animal’s head was cut off and a life support system kept that head alive. During 20s technology was very primitive. But when we think about today’s bionic systems. It's possible to connect a human or monkey head to a robot body. The robot will be connected to the robot by using the spinal cord. The computer in the robot's body transforms neural signals into the computer-controlled servo systems that move the robot's body. These kinds of things can be fascinating and notorious things. The ability to transplant human neurons to mice or dogs is the thing. That can transform. Our way to see things. 



"Chrysalis could house several generations until it enters Alpha Centauri, where it could shuttle people to the surface of the planet Proxima Centuri b. (Image credit: Giacomo Infelise, Veronica Magli, Guido Sbrogio', Nevenka Martinello and Federica Chiara Serpe​)" LiveScience, Proposed spacecraft could carry up to 2,400 people on a one-way trip to the nearest star system, Alpha Centauri)


Chrysalis, a theoretical generation ship to Alpha Centauri. 


The interstellar flight requires advanced biotechnology. If there is a disease. That requires immediate and effective reactions. Those people who will go on that journey must not have any social relationships with people on  Earth. They must not have any genetic weakness that can cause mental illnesses. And they must have a strong immune system that can clean their body in the case of infections. When those people go, they go forever. 

Another interesting thing is that researchers are starting to create space mouse babies. Those rodents will be born and grow in a microgravity environment. These kinds of experiments can give a boost to our way across the solar system or even to stars. There are models that some researchers call “Solar Warden”. In that model, in the future, there will be space humans who live their entire life in a microgravity environment. They will be born in spacecraft or space stations that travel around the solar system. 

Those people will ever visit to Earth and they spend their entire life in zero gravity. That kind of thing will happen. If we someday send humans to other solar systems. If we send a generation ship to Alpha Centauri, that journey takes 400 years. So, if we send that craft on that trip, we will never see those people again. There are generations between us and those colonists. But before we send that craft called “Chrysalis” on that one-way trip, we must change our culture. “Chrysalis” is a theoretical plan to create an interstellar spacecraft. But maybe someday. We will handle that technology. 

But the biggest problem is that those people who travel in that craft will also lose contact with Earth. Those people will spend their entire life in that craft. So the Earth will become very distant to those colonists who travel between Earth and Alpha Centauri. The Chrysalis takes 400 years for that trip. That means if the Alpha Centauri civilization sends this kind of generation ship to Earth. And that craft arrives tomorrow, they should send that thing in the 17th century. If that trip takes exactly 400 years, that hypothetical craft will be sent in the year when Cassini was born and King Charles 1 ruled England. The 30-year war began a couple of years earlier.


https://www.livescience.com/space/space-exploration/proposed-spacecraft-could-carry-up-to-2-400-people-on-a-one-way-trip-to-the-nearest-star-system-alpha-centauri


https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3322054/chinese-scientists-transplant-human-brain-cells-mice-boosting-pleasure-levels


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanzee


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Ivanov


Two films about Ivanov and his dark ideas. 


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L2ius0Qw4Ek&t=323s


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h6HRK9Xc4eU



Tuesday, May 27, 2025

Researchers are trying to create new alternatives for rockets.




"Illustration of an imaginative artwork depicting satellites piled up like a stack of pancakes. Image generated by AI." (Sustainability-times, Unstoppable Satellite Barrage: US Firm’s Hypersonic Cannon Fires Pancake Probes Into Space, Prompting Urgent Chinese Response)

Space rockets are tested and good systems for launching satellites into orbiters. But there is one problem with rockets. They are so noisy. And they need lots of space around them. There are a couple of alternatives. Researchers are trying to develop to replace those noisy systems. The easiest to make are the blimps, high-altitude unmanned airships that rise small Pegasus-type rockets to the edge of space. 

Those rockets will launch into orbit from the 40-kilometer altitude. The unmanned robot airships can use hydrogen for hovering, and explosions will not be dangerous to humans on board. Those systems are quieter than the regular rockets. 

The other version is the hypersonic aircraft that makes the ballistic jump. The satellite will release at the top point of the trajectory. Or the aircraft can pull that satellite behind it in the hypersonic glider. And when that aircraft makes the ballistic movement the satellite follows it. And then the ballistic movement acts like a sling to that satellite. 

Centrifugal launchers or spin launchers are tools that can replace rockets.  In those systems, the spinning plate accelerates the satellite at a very high speed. The spinning plate should be very large so that it stands for the spinning speed. If there is some kind of error the centripetal force destroys the plate. There is a possibility of connecting the spin launchers with magnetic accelerators, which can be connected to the stratospheric tube. 



The orbital centrifuge cannon can look like this. The image was made with AI. 


The tube itself can be connected with quadcopters. And it can have a telescopic structure. That means the system can push the stratospheric together. When the system is in use those quadcopters and electric motors pull that tower in full length. When the spin plate accelerates at full speed the system will open a hatch. 

At the top of that thing. Then it opens a ventilator that brings air behind the satellite. The magnetic track and pressure along with the magnetic system pull the satellite through the tube. Those satellites will not be very large. They can be about 1-2 kg microsatellites. Those satellites are packed in the aerodynamic shield. 

There are many variants of spin launchers. The laser system. That shoots below the satellite. Can give extra thrust. The system needs four lasers around the exit tube that give a stable push for the satellite capsule.  

There are models where the system throws the satellite to the ballistic, or suborbital trajectory. Then the small space shuttle, or space hook. That is connected to the space station or heavier satellite pulls that satellite upward. The orbital system catches the satellite. And pulls it upwards.  

In some models, the robot airships can carry extremely long whips. The spin launcher is like the Kevlar or spider silk rope. The rope will spin at a high speed. The length of that whip can be even kilometers. In some plans, there is a space station between Earth and the moon. There the whip length is enormous. 100 or even 1000 kilometers throw the small probes around the solar system. 

The thing is that the centrifugal canons that are connected with magnetic accelerators can be used in long-range artillery. Those systems can launch ammunition over long distances. When we think about the orbital spin launchers those systems can look like helicopter rotors. They can pull themselves into a small size. Then the origami-style system puts its structure into the full size. The magnetic accelerators can be put in the tubes. That is in the middle of solar panels. Those "space windmills" can send metal ammunition against targets at a very high speed. 


https://www.sustainability-times.com/energy/unstoppable-satellite-barrage-us-firms-hypersonic-cannon-fires-pancake-probes-into-space-prompting-urgent-chinese-response/

Sunday, February 20, 2022

The laser could send probes to Mars in 45 days.




Image 1) "Project Starshot, an initiative sponsored by the Breakthrough Foundation, is intended to be humanity’s first interstellar voyage. Credit: breakthroughinitiatives.org "(SciTechDaily/Lasers Could Send Missions to Mars in Just 45 Days)


The solar sails are effective systems for researching our solar system. The high-power laser system can send the swarm of probes outside the solar system and even to other solar systems. In that, the most extreme version of that project. There would be made a chain of ultra-powerful lasers in the solar system. 

And then those lasers would give a punch for the solar sail when it travels through that point. The lasers can be fusion-powered systems that are basing Tokamak-reactor. The laser would install in the middle of the donut-shaped reactor. And then the radiation of that reactor would conduct to the laser element. There is the possibility to increase the power of the lasers by shooting electrons. Or some ions inside the laser rays. Those particles will increase the energy of the laser rays. 

The solar sail that is sent to the journey would not be one craft. That system might be a swarm of miniaturized probes that are connected with the membrane. Those probes can be separated at the right distance. The thing is that this kind of system must be very large. 




Image 2) "A swarm of laser-sail spacecraft leaving the Solar System. Credit: Adrian Mann" (ScitechDaily/Lasers Could Send Missions to Mars in Just 45 Days)

Because the energy load that those lasers are given is very high. In the missions to the outer side of the solar system or even to other solar systems the solar sail would use the outcoming energy as long as possible. The energy can transmit to that solar sail by using coherent radio waves. Or the system can use laser rays that are targeted to the large membrane. That is covered by using a thin silicon layer. That layer can use to create electricity for the solar sail. 

That thing minimizes the energy load that hits the solar sail. So the solar sail would be a group of probes that are acting as an entirety. The solar sails are one of the versions of the interstellar and interplanetary probes. The thing is that there are many variants to this construction that benefits the solar wind for traveling in the solar system. 

The solar sail could be a multipurpose tool. The sail is a very large structure. And there is the possibility to use that kind of thing as a spaceborne radio telescope. The large lightweight structure can be used also as a large-size radar. And the components that are installed in that thing can use also CCD cameras. The thing is that the same kind of structures that are suitable for the solar sails are also suitable for large-size orbital radars. The ultra-thin membrane acts as the radio telescope or radar. Can use as a communication antenna in the solar sails. But it can also use as a recon system that is orbiting Earth. 


https://scitechdaily.com/lasers-could-send-missions-to-mars-in-just-45-days/


Images:https://scitechdaily.com/lasers-could-send-missions-to-mars-in-just-45-days/


https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

The Space X Starship can have a key role in future space projects.



Image 1:) Artist’s rendering of a SpaceX Starship leaving a lunar colony. Credit: SpaceX (ScitechDaily/Space Missions To Watch: A Lunar Return, a Jupiter Moon, and the Most Powerful Rocket Ever Built)

The Starship is a new type of large-scale vertical take-off and landing shuttle that can operate almost everywhere. That system can be the tool for the next space programs. When we are thinking possibility to send that craft to the Moon. There is the possibility that the Starship is connected with some other rocket. The Starship can launch to the orbiter and the auxiliary stage can dock to the back of Starship. By using that kind of modular system is the possibility to make journeys to the Moon or even to other planets. 

There is the possibility to connect the NERVA system or ion rocket stage at the back of the Starship. In the plans, the reactors that nuclear thermal propulsion requires. Would load at the Lunar orbiter. Those lightweight but extremely powerful reactors would use high-enriched plutonium or some synthetic elements like neptunium, californium, or einsteinium as nuclear fuel. Those reactors can use as the NERVA system. Or they can use in ion engines. 

The Starship can use also as a platform for the orbital weapon systems. Those systems require high-power laser systems. And those lasers and ion systems can install in large-scale space shuttles. Those kinds of lasers can use to destroy recon, location, or communication satellites. And the ion systems can also use to create plasma over the hostile communication centers. 




https://www1.grc.nasa.gov/historic-facilities/rockets-systems-area/7911-2/


https://scitechdaily.com/space-missions-to-watch-a-lunar-return-a-jupiter-moon-and-the-most-powerful-rocket-ever-built/


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NERVA


By the way, the Ingenuity-helicopter still runs on Mars. 



Image 2) Ingenuity helicopter. (Space.com/1 year later, Ingenuity helicopter still going strong on Mars)

Those kinds of small helicopters are pathfinders in many ways. Those helicopters can search for water and interesting samples from large areas. And those systems can have multiple sensors like lasers and radars. Those systems can connect with spectrometers that are telling what kind of elements some areas involve.  

Also, the feet of those helicopters might have seismic sensors. So that kind of helicopter can operate with rovers. The thing is that the small helicopters can use advanced AI even they are small-size. 

The AI can be at the rover. Or there is the possibility that another planet would send the computer unit to assist those rovers and helicopters. Those small helicopters can use for simulating high-flying helicopters that can observe areas by using infrared cameras and small radars. Those helicopters are suitable to observe the strength of the ice. And they can search for pollution from water and air. 

The miniature helicopters can get their energy supply by laser rays. The laser or radio system that is targeted to their solar panels or radio receivers can give an energy supply for those systems. The small-size helicopter can land on the roof of the bunker. And then it can listen to things that people are talking about in it. It can aim laser or radar systems to windows for observing people. 

The system can use its seismic sensors to record noise through the wall. Or it can try to use radar. Or a sonar system for searching things that are inside the houses. 


https://www.space.com/nasa-ingenuity-mars-helicopter-one-year-anniversary


Image 2:) https://www.space.com/nasa-ingenuity-mars-helicopter-one-year-anniversary


https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

Thursday, February 3, 2022

The spin launcher and other new space systems are making a revolution in space launching technology.



Image 1) The spin launcher.


Spin-launcher could be the next-generation tool for launching small-size satellites. 


The spin-launcher is the centrifuge that accelerates an object to a weight that is 1000 stronger than gravitation. And when the payload is released at the right moment that sling will throw the small satellite to the orbiter. The speed of the sling can increase by using a long arm. 

And in some ideas fixed arm will replace by using a whip that is made by using kevlar or spider's net. The electric motor will accelerate that whip to extremely high speed. And then the hook that connects the satellite to that string will release in the absolute right moment. The hook can control by an internal computer.  




And the system can use Bluetooth, WLAN, or wired communication for sending the order to release cargo. The string of spider's web is one of the strongest materials in the world. It is harder than kevlar. And kevlar ropes are used to stop aircraft on the aircraft carriers. The whip can pull in when it's not in use. And because the string is elastic and flexible. That kind of centrifuge whip can install at the bottom of the jet fighter. 

When the centrifuge wanted to launch the payload will release. And the electric engine starts to rotate the whip. And when the speed of the whip is high enough. That jet fighter can turn another wing to the ground. And that thing releases the small-size satellite. That centrifugal sling can install also to HAA (High Altitude Airship) or electric engined aircraft. 

The airship or that ultra-high altitude aircraft will raise the satellite to an altitude of 20-30 kilometers. And then it can send it to the orbiter. If the wire of the whip is strong enough it can connect to the Pegasus rocket. And that allows flighting that thing to a high orbiter. 

The sling catapult is one of the ideas. That allows the shoot of miniature satellites to low orbiters. 

Major problems with regular rockets are noise and pollution. Also, the prices of the launches are extremely high. So the spin launcher can be one of the next-generation tools for launching satellites. 



Image 2) Chinese new hypersonic aircraft


The next generation things in the space systems are miniature shuttles and nuclear-powered systems.


Do you know why Lockheed SR-71 flies higher than U-2? The reason for that is that the pressure cone of the SR-71 will drive air to its motors. The supersonic cone is used in Lockheed CL-400 SunTan and "Skylon" systems.  



The unusual location of the engines makes it possible that those aircraft and shuttles can pull miniature shuttle or satellite launching tanks behind them. When the system is at its maximum altitude it can start to dive. That movement can give the sling effect to that system. Which will launch to the orbiter. 

The miniature shuttles are the thing that can make many types of missions. They can act as remote-controlled laboratories. But the same systems can use as the orbital fighters. The prime target for those small shuttles that can be manned or unmanned and use stealth technology could be recon and communication satellites. The miniature satellites can also operate as missiles. Those super-kamikaze drones can have an internal nuclear bomb. And if those systems are not used. 




They can return the weapons to the base. Those miniature shuttles can also equip with high-power radars and other recon tools. 

The Chinese unveil their miniature shuttle or hypersonic glider. The hypersonic glider can dive against things like command bunkers and aircraft carriers. The kinetic energy of those impacts is destructive. But warheads make those systems even more notorious. 

When we are thinking about the satellites that kind of threat means that they must equip against those orbital ASAT systems. 

One version of the counter-operations is to use so powerful telescopes in satellites. That they can be far away from Earth. In that case, distance from Earth will protect the satellite against low-orbital ASAT systems. And the satellite that is in the high position has more time to use its counter-weapons if something flies against it. 




Image 3) SR-71 "Blackbird"


Those counter-systems can be like the Israeli "Trophy-system". That effective counter-anti-tank weapon system. Is mounted on tanks for protecting them against anti-tank weapons. But the satellites can also use it.

Or they can use kinetic energy projectiles or directed energy weapons for destroying incoming missiles. But those same systems can use for offensive attacks against other satellites. 

And high-orbiter satellites can pick an opponent's recon, positioning, and communication satellites. And destroy them by using kinetic energy projectiles or directed energy weapons like lasers or microwaves. 




Image 4) U-2 "Dragon Lady"


And the nuclear reactors are giving the satellites more abilities. Fission reactors are giving energy supply to the satellites. That they can avoid strikes.

Nuclear-powered rocket engines are making those systems more maneuverable than regular systems are. Nuclear power will give satellites more power than ever before. 

Nuclear engines can use to operate space probes at the asteroid belt. But they can also give energy supply for the directed energy weapon.  And those weapons can use for defending satellites or for destroying other satellites. 



Image 5) Kosmos 954

But the nuclear reactors can give also energy to microwave and laser weapons of the satellites. Those weapons can destroy incoming missiles. But also high-power radio waves can use to jam another satellite's technology. The warning of the existence of that kind of satellite got in 1977. when the Soviet Kosmos 954 dropped from the orbiter to Canada. The Kosmos 954 was a nuclear-powered satellite. 

That satellite used a lightweight nuclear reactor. That kind of power supply makes the EMP-weapon of that kind of satellite possible. In that EMP weapon, the power of satellites' radar turns so high that it destroys other satellites by burning their components. The killer satellites are meant for destroying other satellites. 



https://bigthink.com/13-8/spinlaunch/


https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/why-space-is-about-to-enter-its-nuclear-age/21807486


https://nypost.com/2022/02/02/china-unveils-plans-for-winged-rocket-hypersonic-plane/


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmos_954


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_CL-400_Suntan


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_SR-71_Blackbird


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_U-2


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylon_%28spacecraft%29


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trophy_(countermeasure)


Image 1) https://bigthink.com/13-8/spinlaunch/


Image 2) https://nypost.com/2022/02/02/china-unveils-plans-for-winged-rocket-hypersonic-plane/


Image 3) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_SR-71_Blackbird


Image 4) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_U-2


Image 5) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmos_954


https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/


Tuesday, September 28, 2021

A couple of things about kilometer-long space stations. That China and maybe some other nations in the world are planning

 



At first, we must realize that creating the kilometer-long modular structure in the space. Is not so complicated a task as people might think. This system requires only ten to twenty Saturn V-scale rockets or modules. Those rockets will be a dock together at the Earth orbiter. The length of Saturn V is 110 meters. And maybe half of it would be left empty for use as part of the modular space station. 

In some plans, those modules are made by using the empty rocket stages. In those stages is installed needed equipment. Like docking systems airlocks, and consoles. Whatever is needed to complete the structure of the space station. The purpose of the airlock is also to act as the fire door. And deny the lack of gas in the case where the core of the space station is damaged. Every each of the modules can be changed if there are problems with them. 


But why that kind of system is causing concern? The tube-looking structure can be a mega-laser. The kilometer-long monster can create the megawatt or even gigawatt class laser ray. 


The thing is that the empty rocket stages that can be used as the part of the space station can be used as the modules of the mega-lasers. Inside the structure of the kilometer-long tube would install the laser element. That element can also be modular and the bites of the laser tube can connect to the one entirely in the space. The laser would locate in the 20-50 meters long rocket stages. And the energy for that monster would be pumped by the auxiliary satellites. 

The kilometer-long carbon monoxide laser can seem like some kind of science fiction tale. But the idea is that the laser would be at the sun side of the Earth. And the support satellites that are orbiting the Earth by using the polar trajectories would aim their mirrors to that laser. Or if those auxiliary satellites are using lasers for pumping energy to the mega-laser can be anywhere. The idea of the mega-laser has been taken from the Soviet plans. 

The original idea of the lasers is to use solar power for creating their beam. The sunlight would target the laser system by using the mirror that collects the radiation to the laser element. 

The idea was officially to create the power satellite, but there were also military purposes for that kind of satellite. The power of the laser ray of this type of system is depending on the energy load that can be loaded into the laser system. And the kilometer-long laser that has auxiliary lasers for energy pumping is creating an extremely powerful ray that can affect targets on the ground. 


()https://www.newscientist.com/article/2275818-china-is-about-to-start-building-a-space-station-in-orbit/


Image:()https://www.newscientist.com/article/2275818-china-is-about-to-start-building-a-space-station-in-orbit/


()https://kimmoswritings.blogspot.com/

Friday, May 11, 2018

Space X's Falcon 9, the new way to make rockets



Falcon 9 first stage recycling test
(Picture I) 

http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/space-xs-falcon-9-new-way-to-make.html

Kimmo Huosionmaa

Space X-corporations "Falcon" rocket is representing the new way to make rockets. The rocket itself doesn't need massive space centers, and it can operate anywhere, where finds hydrogen and oxygen. The rocket would lift off and land to any helicopter landing site, and the noise of this construction is, of course, the big problem. The normal vehicle, what can be used with this rocket seems to be the ship, where this new kind of shuttle would operate. In the pictures, this rocket operates from normal space centers, but when we are thinking the capacity of this vehicle, in the future it could operate from anywhere, there is no need to avoid the noise.



I know, why also Pentagon is very interested in this kind of rockets, what can use many times. That rocket would allow NRO (National Reconnaissance Office) to send their satellites anywhere from the Earth, and this kind of heavy rockets can also operate with modern miniature shuttles, what can be used as an anti-satellite, reconnaissance and other missions like giving service for satellites. The concept of Falcon would allow making new kind of Moon shuttles, what can travel between Moon and Earth, and bring samples of the dust also from the asteroid belt.


Also, this kind of concept could work as the base for Mars lander, what would bring samples from red planet to the Earth. Those Falcon rockets can also operate with huge airships, and in this scenario, the rocket would transfer to a very big distance from cities by using airship or big cargo-plane, and then it can be launched to the orbital trajectory. This is the very good point when we are thinking about the noise of space rockets.


This kind of concepts can operate from normal airfields, and they can be shoot to the orbiting trajectory far from the sea. When we are thinking about the innovation of this rocket, the engineers might be stolen the idea of this marvelous spacecraft from "Tintin" cartoon, where the main character flies to the moon by using functionally similar rocket than this "Falcon" is.

Sources:

http://www.spacex.com/news/2013/03/31/reusability-key-making-human-life-multi-planetary

http://www.spacex.com/falcon9

https://www.theverge.com/2017/3/28/15071288/spacex-launch-recycled-falcon-9-rocket-landing-schedule

https://www.space.com/40545-spacex-new-falcon-9-rocket-launch-landing-success.html?utm_source=notification


Picture I:

https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/thumbor/ZheH1geaomaziNDFpcKDzBY5kh0=/0x0:3000x2000/1200x800/filters:focal(1260x760:1740x1240)/cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_image/image/53935213/25787998624_3ca213be1e_o.0.jpg

http://crisisofdemocracticstates.blogspot.fi/p/space-xs-falcon-9-new-way-to-make.html

Can negative time explain dark energy?

Can time itself turn into quantum? What if time is the four-dimensional superstring? The thin energy tornado. That spins faster than the spe...