Is dark energy some kind of version of the Meissner effect?

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Could hypothetical graviton act like magnetic monopoles? 

There is one thing that we might forget. Could mysterious graviton be the monopole? That means the gravitons are monopoles that are pushing each other. 

The direction where the gravitation effect moves particles depends on the size of the graviton clouds that both push particles away from each other. The larger graviton group wins the game and pushes the object through the smaller graviton cloud. 

If gravitons act like magnetic monopoles, that can explain why the universe expands. But that thing requires that graviton exists. Graviton could be a particle that acts like a magnetic monopole. That means the gravitation is the repelling force. And the direction of the gravitation depends on the size of the graviton clouds. The larger graviton cloud pushes particles through the smaller graviton cloud. But if the graviton cloud is symmetric that means gravitons will push each other away. 

Gravitation is wave motion. So the graviton particle should exist. If graviton acts like a magnetic monopole that can also explain, why those particles are hard to detect. They can flow above the layer or impact it. And that makes those measurements impossible. 

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

Could the image above this text explain why dark energy pushes the universe larger? When wave motion will travel over the particle it forms an electromagnetic vacuum ahead of the particle. That thing could explain why the dark energy cannot interact. The idea is that dark energy is simply the electromagnetic vacuum that pulls particles ahead. 

In some other visions, the dark energy is the mirror force of some very well-known interactions. There is the theory that all forces have mirror forces. Like all particles have mirror-or anti-particle pair. All mirror effects except mirror gravitation are found. As an example in the mirror-version of the weak nuclear interaction, W and Z, bosons changed their role. That thing rips the atom's nucleus into pieces. 

But why does gravitation has no opposite force? The thing is that there should be a mysterious graviton. The transporter particle of the gravitation. The problem is that graviton is a purely hypothetical particle. If we are thinking that all forces are similar to electromagnetism, they all should have pull and pushing effects. 

One of the explanations for dark energy is that it could be similar to the Meissner effect. When wave motion crosses the particle it makes an electromagnetic vacuum at the opposite side of that particle. The thing in the Meissner effect is that the airflow together with energy transfer is levitating objects above the superconducting layer. 

So maybe dark energy is a similar effect but the thing that is making that affect different is that the size of interacting particles is different and the time of wave motion effect to the particle is far longer than on Earth. 

When wave motion hits a particle it pushes it forward. Or otherways saying the electromagnetic vacuum at the opposite side will make the object travel through space. That effect continues even in the millennium. 

That means the electromagnetic vacuum in the direction where that particle moves will turn deeper. And the side-coming wave motion increases the energy level of that particle. So the particle is like in Warp-drive. When that kind of particle whose energy level is hyper-high travels in the universe it sends wave motion. 

But when an extremely fast particle travels in the universe it makes a channel behind it. When that electromagnetic turbulence channel will be filled air molecules fill the channel behind the aircraft. In that case, the wave motion makes the same thing. When the wave motion or some extremely small particles crosses that channel their speed can increase faster than the cosmic speed limit in other places in the universe. 

That means the dark energy would form when particles or wave motion crosses the extremely thin electromagnetic vacuum channels. That channel is so thin. That the channel goes through the particle. And that motion is so small that it's hard to detect. In some other versions of this idea is that the super-fast particles are making a vacuum behind them. And those vacuums are pulling the universe larger. 

The particle itself is within the limit for turning into a quantum-size black hole. So in some models, the dark energy is the radiation that comes from quantum-size black holes. 

And sooner or later the particle would send photons to the electromagnetic vacuum. Those photons are traveling faster than other photons. When they hit to quantum field those photons will slow sending wave motion. So could that wave motion be the reason for dark energy? 

See also:

Dark energy

Graviton

Meissner effect

The mystery of graviton-particle again... (Could that particle be the tensor between quark and gluon? Or is it some particle that we already know?)

 

The mystery of graviton-particle again... (Could that particle be the tensor between quark and gluon? Or is it some particle that we already know?)

Graviton is the hypothetical transmitting particle of gravitation. That particle would be the source of the gravitational waves. Gravitation is wave motion that behaves like other types of wave motion. And that means graviton is the particle state of gravitation. And wave-particle duality means that the gravitation can turn to wave motion. 

Otherwise, wave motion can turn into a particle. But another thing is that gravitation is also energy. This should make theoretical anti-gravitation possible. But, I will return to that topic in chapter 2B.  

So there should be a source for the gravitational waves. But is the particle that sends gravitational waves particle, a virtual particle, or something that we already know, but didn't realize connect with gravitation?  

The name of the graviton is given to the source of gravitational waves. There is introduced three possible models of what hypothetical graviton could be. 

1) Graviton is an independent particle. 

That means graviton is the particle that is waiting for its founder. If that particle exists and can be measured that thing opens new visions for many things. The wavelength of the gravitation waves would be the same as the diameter of the graviton. That means graviton could be found, by measuring the wavelength of the gravitational waves. 

2) Theoretical graviton-particle is virtual. 

Theoretical graviton could be a whirl of gravitational waves. The superstring is another name for wave motion. And those superstrings can form a whirl that acts like a tornado. If that tornado would be between quark and gluon that means gravitation is the tensor. 

If that is true, the strong nuclear force is the interaction between gluon, that gravitational tornado, and quark. So the graviton would be the virtual particle that interacts in both directions. 

The model of gravitational interaction, if graviton is the virtual particle, goes like this: Gluon(<>)Graviton(<>)quark. (<>) means that the interaction happens in both directions. 

This version of the theory of gravitation has based on the idea that the graviton is wave motion that behaves like all other wave motions.  So graviton could be the whirl between quark and gluon. That whirl could be the superstring that forms a similar effect to a tornado. 

Even if the windspeed around the tornado is very high there is low pressure in the tornado itself. That low pressure will pull objects to airborne. So if that gravitational whirl acts like a tornado. It pulls gluon and quark against each other. The size of the gluon is so small that this tornado has a very weak effect on the quarks. 

In some other versions of this theory gravitation is the wave motion that the source is in the undulating superstrings. When the existence of the particle ends it turns to wave motion or free superstrings. And if that superstring undulates those waves are sending wave motion. Or they are transmitting energy to the environment. That energy impacts other particles travel through them and then that thing pushes the object forward. 

*********************************************************************

2B) Gravitation and anti gravitation.

Every single object in the universe is a quantum system. And energy flows from the system that is at a higher energy level to a lower energy level system. That energy flow ends when those systems get the same energy level. 

There is the possibility that two extremely large particles whose energy level is so high that they almost change to black holes can create the gravitational waves that are making antigravitation possible. Antigravitation means that the upper area of the system is at a higher energy level than another system. That energy travels to another side of the object because there the energy level is lower. 

The speed of energy flow can be accelerated, by putting another side of the object to a minimum energy level. And the wave motion will continue its travel outside that object. This thing is visible when two cars are impacting. The wave motion continues its journey outside those cars. And we hear that thing as a pressure wave. 

When wave motion impacts an object it gets more power while it travels through that object. That energy is transformed from the electrons and other quantum fields inside that object. So the power of the wave motion that comes out from the object is a little bit higher than the wave motion that is impacted by the object. 

The idea of antigravitation is that gravitation works opposite direction. One of the versions of the theoretical antigravitation system is that. The gravitational waves are transmitted to the opposite side of the object. 

That thing turns another side of the object to a higher energy level. And the gravitational waves travel in the opposite direction to the normal cases when the side of Earth is at a higher energy level. 

So if we want to create the antigravitation that pushes objects upwards from the ground from the earth we must just create a wave motion that is stronger than what Earth sends to that object. And then aim that gravitational wave motion to another side of the object. That turns the symmetry of the energy flow of the object to the ground. That thing should push the objects upwards. 

************************************************************

3) Graviton is the particle that we already know but what we didn't realize has a connection with gravitation. 

One of the things that can be the source of the gravitational waves is gluons. The gluons behave similar way to neutrons and other particles. When an energy impulse hits to gluon it takes that impulse to its quantum field. When energy stress ends the particle attempts to get the base energy level. 

That energy level is the same as the environment of that particle. And when a particle releases its energy it sends energy quantum from its quantum field. So maybe the source of the gravitational waves is gluons. Those particles are transmitting strong nuclear force. Gluons are far smaller than quarks. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://miraclesofthequantumworld.blogspot.com/

See also:

Gluons

The gravitational waves 

Graviton

The standard model of physics

Split photons predicted the new unimaginable particle's existence.

 Split photons predicted the new unimaginable particle's existence. 

"The finding of the Majorana boson demonstrates that photons can be “split” into halves. Credit: Animation by LaDarius Dennison" (ScitechDaily/“Split” Photons – New Research Predicts the Existence of a Previously-Unimaginable Particle)

The split photon called "Majorana bosons" is the thing that gives an idea that maybe there are particles in the photons. If the photon is not an elementary particle in the group of bosons. That means we are facing a new type of physics. So we must rethink the standard model. If the photon is not a boson or even an elementary particle it should be like some hadron. Or rather say pion or kaon. 

So is photon some kind of meson? The future will show that thing. But the idea that there is some kind of particles inside the photon is interesting. There is of course possible that the "Majorana-fermion" could exist in the photons. But there is possible that the "Majorana-fermions" can also involve some other particles. The best candidate for Majorana-particle is the neutrino. And it's also possible that there is also Majorana boson. That means that maybe Majorana missed something and the Majorana-particle is a boson. 

Majorana fermions are enigmatic particles that act as their antiparticle themselves. And Majorana fermions were first hypothesized to exist in 1937. They are of immense interest to physicists. Their unique properties could allow researchers to use those particles. For the construction of a topological quantum computer. 

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/01/200103141035.htm

Image 2.

The existence of the Majorana fermions predicted Italian physicist Ettore Majorana in 1937.  "In supersymmetry models, neutralinos—superpartners of gauge bosons and Higgs bosons—are Majorana". (Wikipedia, Majorana fermions) 

But the question is. Could there in the "Majorana-particle" some even smaller particles? 

If Majorana-particle is in photon, that we have thought being elementary particle in the group of bosons. Why that "Majorana-particle", cannot be some kind of meson? Or a member of another hadron group? Maybe those Majorana particles are members of not yet group of hadrons. 

Or are there missing particles inside pions or kaons? When we are thinking that as an example pion is forming of the quark and antiquark pair, what is the thing that denies the annihilation of that particle pair? Is there some small particle between them? 

When our knowledge of the matter and fundamental states of the time, space, energy, and particles and their interaction. We are facing one of the most fascinating things in the universe. What is the thing that limits the speed of light? 

The idea that photons split in two seems insane. But the researchers are founded cases, where photon splits. And that thing gives a tip. That maybe there is some yet unknown particle inside photons. Maybe that unimaginable particle can answer the question of why nothing can travel faster than the speed of light. There is the possibility that this particle that we might call a "sub photonic particle" is the graviton. Graviton is a hypothetical transportation particle of gravitation. But those things are only hypotheses. 

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/01/200103141035.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaon

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majorana_fermion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

Image 1:https://scitechdaily.com/split-photons-new-research-predicts-the-existence-of-a-previously-unimaginable-particle/

Image 2: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model

Evidence of dark-matter free galaxies

 Evidence of dark-matter free galaxies

Dark matter-free galaxies are the thing that is opening one of the most incredible scenarios in the world. The thing proves that dark matter is not located everywhere in the universe. And that means there is the possibility that the dark matter is forming similar structures with visible material. 

And that thing is opening interesting visions of the dark universe with invisible planets and solar systems. But there is no evidence about those structures. The dark matter free galaxies mean that the dark matter can also vanish or turn to wave movement. 

In that scenario, the bubble of nothingness or so-called empty quantum field, the area where is no quantum fields can cause that dark matter is starting to send wave movement to that bubble. And those particles are turning to wave movement. 

When we are seeing galaxies there is no dark matter. It doesn't mean that dark matter does not exist. It means that the position of dark matter has no connection with the position of the visible material. So that thing can mean that the dark matter is forming somewhere else or in a different time than visible material.

There is no dark matter everywhere where is visible material. That means there are similar interactions between particles of visible material and particles of dark matter. But can those invisible particles form similar structures to what visible material forms? This thing is making the dark matter so interesting. 

If there is the possibility to make dark matter. Or turn even complicated structures into dark matter. If somebody makes dark matter, that makes a revolution for science and technology. The dark matter is the mystery. Nobody claims to produce that thing.The only known interaction between dark and visible material is a gravitational effect. 

But the reason why there is suspicion that there is possible to turn visible material into the dark matter is that there could be the possibility that the size of the quantum field around particles can be adjusted by stressing them with energy. Or the energy could pull out from the quarks. But the thing is how to make that thing is a mystery. 

Dark fluid is the theory that tries to connect dark matter with visible matter. The theory of dark matter is basing the idea that material can have imaginary states. The idea is taken for imaginary calculations. In dark fluid theory, dark matter is the matter that forms different size particles than visible material. 

For the reason why dark matter particles would have a different size than particles of visible material. Has introduced that those invisible particles have a different energy level than particles of visible material. So if the energy level of those particles is determining is material visible or dark. That means there is the possibility to create the dark matter or turn dark matter into visible material "simply" adjusting the energy level of the subatomic particles of atoms.

But the question is what particles should stress. Or which particles' energy load must remove. The prime question is that what is the particle that determines the is the material dark or visible? 

Is that particle quark or is it gluon? Or maybe it is the energy level that adjusts the size of the quantum field of some particles of atoms. The thing is that the only known interaction between visible and dark matter is the gravitational interaction. 

And another thing that might connect with dark matter is dark energy. Dark energy is an even more dominating thing in the universe than dark matter. The thing is that dark energy will push the edge of the universe farther. And that thing causes the expansion of the universe. The expansion of the universe causes the three-kelvin radiation in the cosmic background. 

The reason for that is. That the pressure of quantum fields in the universe decreases. Or a simple saying. When the energy level in the universe is decreasing. The energy is transferred in the lower energetic areas. Energy travels from higher energetic areas to lower energy areas. Until energy levels reach stability. 

The universe cannot reach energy stability until the expansion ends. If the universe starts to collapse. The energy starts to transfer back to the material. The energy transfer continues. Until the radiation of the material is turning so high. That particles start to move away from each other. But that thing requires that the universe is closed. 

If the universe is open, that thing is not happening. The thing is that energy is always traveling outside the universe. The reason for that. Is that the universe is (or it should be) a higher energetic area than the area around it. And that means energy is traveling out of the universe. 

https://phys.org/news/2021-12-evidence-emerges-dark-matter-free-galaxies.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_fluid

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://thoughtandmachines.blogspot.com/