The pulse-detonation scramjet engines can make the new type of hypersonic flight possible.

There are two versions of the pulse-detonation wave engines. The first one is the flap scramjet.

That engine is the modified version of the flap jet engine. During WW2, Germans used that engine in a V-1 cruise missile. The flap scramjet is the scramjet engine that has a flap system. When the speed is too slow for ignition of the scramjet engine the system injects an oxygen fuel mixture into that engine.

And that engine uses regular rocket mode until the aircraft is about Mach-6-7 when operators open the air intakes. Then the system can start to use air from the atmosphere. That thing makes the system very powerful and multi-use.

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

The pistol shrimp has given an idea for PDWS systems.

The idea of the Pulse-Detonation Wave System ( PDWS) is coming from the pistol shrimp. That small shrimp can create a low-pressure bubble in water.

The temperature in that bubble rises to 5000 kelvins. And that thing causes a very strong sound. If an engine system can create a similar bubble in the rocket- or jet engine that thing can create pulses, that thing can increase the thrust of the engine for a short time. The simultaneously created bubbles can make the system give those punches or power impulses in series.

The way how pistol shrimps can make those bubbles can model to nanomachines. And that thing can make it possible to create engines that use mechanical systems like fast-moving scissors, fast-moving membranes, or electric arcs to create engine systems that can operate without combustion.

In some versions, the system can make the bubble by pulling the piston in a closed chamber that is filled with water backward. And then more water will inject into that chamber. The low pressure makes water vaporize. And then the injected water increases pressure. So this kind of system can make it possible to create flying machines or high-speed underwater systems that will need no propellers or combustion in their reaction engines.

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

The main problem with hypersonic engines is that they are straight tubes. If the firefront moves too far away from the combustion chamber that will decrease the thrust. The system can eliminate that effect by creating a bubble in the exhaust tube.

But there is another way to think about hypersonic engines. And one version of how to increase the thrust of the system is to put bubbles in the exhaust tube. That thing makes it possible to create a situation where the system can punch against the bubble. That bubble increases the force that punches forward of the engine.

In ion engines, the magnetic stick has the same polarity as the flowing ions that can make that kind of bubble. The idea is that the system can create the bubble or the front in an ion engine. That system will increase the thrust of that system.

https://ourmarinespecies.com/c-shrimp/pistol-shrimps/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavitation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramjet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scramjet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-1_flying_bomb

Schrödinger's cat: and the limits of that idea.

"In quantum mechanics, Schrödinger's cat is a thought experiment concerning quantum superposition". (Wikipedia, Schrödinger's cat). But the same thing can use as model for many other thought experiments. Sooner or later, or at least in the ultimate end of the universe, the Schrödinger's cat will turn into wave movement. The information that this cat involved exists but the cat does not exist in its material form. The information doesn't ever vanish. It just turns its shape. We are all trapped in the universe and time. The universe is the space that is entirety to us. There are no confirmed other universities. But the multiverse is a logical continuum for the expanding galactic megastructures. The problem with natural things is this. They are black and white. They exist or do not exist. Could there be something, that exists and not exists at the same time? Scrödinger's cat is thinking experiment about case their cat is not dead or not alive. But in this...

The string theory offers a new way to calculate Pi.

"Scientists discovered a new series for pi through string theory research, echoing a 15th-century formula by Madhava. By combining Euler-Beta Functions and Feynman Diagrams, they modeled particle interactions efficiently. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, String Theory Unravels New Pi Formula: A Quantum Leap in Mathematics) People normally think that. The pi is the ratio of the circumference circle's circumference to the circle's diameter. The Pi is a mathematical constant 3.14159..., the endless decimal number. The Pi is interesting because developers can use that decimal number to make the encryption algorithms stronger. The idea is that the encryptions program hides the message's original ASCII numbers by multiplicating those numbers with some decimal number. Or the system can add some numbers to those ASCII numbers. "Aninda Sinha (left) and Arnab Saha (right). Credit: Manu Y" (ScitechDaily, String Theory Unravels New Pi Formula: A Quantum Le...

There are always more than three actors in the real world.

"An international research team is advancing precision timekeeping by developing a nuclear clock using thorium isotopes and innovative laser methods, potentially transforming our understanding of physical constants and dark matter. (Artist’s concept.) Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Unveiling the Thorium Nuclear Clock and Its Time-Twisting Secrets) From Three-body problem... There are no pure three-body systems in nature. There are always more than three components in the system. For making real three-body systems we must separate those three bodies from the environment. Otherwise, there are stable effects. But nobody can predict some effects like distant supernova explosions or sun eruptions. And one of those things that affect all bodies is time. When radioactive materials decay. That affects the stability and symmetry of the object. Energy levels affect the existence of things like neutrons. The thorium atom clocks are next-generation tools for time measurement....

Cogito ergo sum. I think; therefore I am (René Descartes, French philosopher)

Search This Blog