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A proton contains quark, which is heavier than the proton itself.



Image)


The charm or c quark is a very short-living particle. It's the fourth lightest of quarks but heavier than lighter quarks. The question is how the particle can be heavier, than the particle where it belongs. This is one of the non-sense things in physics. One part of the system should not be heavier than the entirety where it belongs. 

That thing makes the c quark very interesting.  Does that particle send some kind of wave motion or radiation, which can travel past the other particles of the proton? The thing is that the interaction between c quark and its environment is somehow inadequate.

Is it possible that c  quarks are "hovering" above energy level? While quarks are spinning, they send wave motion. In that process, the quark loses its mass. Or actually, the internal structure of the proton in its entirety. It's the entirety of the quarks and gluons. (And maybe some still unknown particles). When gluon hits quark it sends energy to it. But the spin of the quarks and gluons is also transmitted to c quarks. 



Image 2)


So that energy keeps the c quark in its form. The reason why c quark is so a short-living particle is that its energy level is so high. The energy flows away from that particle so fast that it turns its shape immediately. The energy level determines the shape of quarks and all other elementary particles. 

If the energy level of the particle is extremely high. It can keep its form only in other particles. So in the case of c quark, the proton acts as a core where other elementary particles send energy to that high-energy particle. And when a high-energy particle comes out from the core. It starts to deliver energy immediately. 

When a particle loses its energy. Its shape turns into another particle. The energy level of the particle determines what it is. So, if the energy level of the particle is high, that thing causes the energy flows away from the particle at an extremely high speed. And when the energy level decreases, energy flow away from the particle slows. 

When a c quark loses its energy. It turns into a strange quark (s quark) with 95% probability. Or down quark (d quark) in 5% of probability. When c quark loses its energy it will not be c quark anymore. And that thing makes it very hard to detect the interactions between the extremely high-energy particles. 


https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a41031157/protons-contain-charm-quarks/


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm_quark


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_quark


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_quark


Image: https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a41031157/protons-contain-charm-quarks/


Image 2: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charm_quark


https://everyactioncausesthereaction.wordpress.com/2022/09/12/a-proton-contains-quark-which-is-heavier-than-the-proton-itself/

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