Skip to main content

Zombie cells and HIV viruses are promoting aging.

 


"Senescent cells, or “zombie cells,” are unique in that they ultimately cease multiplying but do not die off as expected." (ScitechDaily.com/Age Accelerating “Zombie Cells” – A New Study Sheds Light on These Unique Cells)


The term zombie cell means a cell that self-destruction is disturbed. That thing causes an effect, where those cells cannot die as they should. Those over-aged cells might affect aging and early stages of cancer. The forming of the zombie cell can be connected to the mitochondria. 

Mitochondria are small organelles that are giving energy to the cells. Somewhere in history mitochondria were independent organisms. Mitochondria have their DNA that is separated from the cell's main DNA.  And they divide independently.  When a cell dies the mitochondria should stop the energy production. 

But somehow the mitochondria continue their work after the calculated time. When the cell dies, the nucleus sends a mark to mitochondria to shut themselves down. When energy production of the cell ends it dies.

The metabolism products of the mitochondria are the mark that the cell is living. And even if the cell itself sends the mark that it's going to die, mitochondria continue their work that denies the immune cell to destroy that zombie cell.

Zombie cells are causing cancer because their DNA can face more damage than regular cells. And because those cells cannot die causes that those cells form "daughter cells", which DNA is not acting as it should. 

And that thing causes cancer. But the zombie cells can increase the aging process. The reason for that might be in the immune system. When the cell is aging it sends chemical marks that tell its condition to immune cells. When the cell is advancing in a certain stage in its life, it sends the "stand by for eating me" to immune cells whose mission is to remove remnants of the dead cell. Then the cell sends its final mark and the immune cell destroys it. 

That "stand by" mark tells that the core of the cell must turn thin. And the immune cells start to prepare for the destruction process. The purpose of that process is to deny the spread of programmed cell death. During that process, the antigens are affecting also the DNA by cutting its telomers. If the final mark of the death of the cells is not coming the immune cell continues its preparation process. 

And those antigens are starting to spread in the body. Those antigens are cutting the DNA in other cells. The thing that supports this theory is that HIV viruses are also increasing the speed of aging. The anti-HIV medicals are affecting the genetic material of the viruses. And also the immune system creates antibodies that affect the DNA and RNA molecule synthesis. 

Also, the virus itself copies itself to the DNA and that causes errors in the DNA structure. The HIV is the RNA-retrovirus. When the cell divides the RNA of the retrovirus can slip into the DNA. Because the cell makes a copy of the DNA through the RNA molecules. During that process, the cell copies the entire DNA to the daughter cell.

So the RNA molecules will travel above the DNA and transfer that code to the descendant cell. If there is the RNA of the HIV the copy process will be disturbed. That thing causes the descendant cell can have mutated cell organs. 

Because the DNA and RNA molecules are shorter, this means the base-pair order is disturbed or the DNA is damaged because of HIV that thing causes the aging of the cells to be faster than usual. And because the immune system and medicines must affect the DNA that thing causes damage to the DNA molecules all around the body.



https://scitechdaily.com/age-accelerating-zombie-cells-a-new-study-sheds-light-on-these-unique-cells/


https://scitechdaily.com/hiv-accelerates-aging-by-5-years/


Image: ) https://scitechdaily.com/age-accelerating-zombie-cells-a-new-study-sheds-light-on-these-unique-cells/

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Schrödinger's cat: and the limits of that idea.

"In quantum mechanics, Schrödinger's cat is a thought experiment concerning quantum superposition". (Wikipedia, Schrödinger's cat). But the same thing can use as model for many other thought experiments.  Sooner or later, or at least in the ultimate end of the universe, the Schrödinger's cat will turn into wave movement. The information that this cat involved exists but the cat does not exist in its material form. The information doesn't ever vanish. It just turns its shape.  We are all trapped in the universe and time. The universe is the space that is entirety to us. There are no confirmed other universities. But the multiverse is a logical continuum for the expanding galactic megastructures.  The problem with natural things is this. They are black and white. They exist or do not exist. Could there be something, that exists and not exists at the same time?  Scrödinger's cat is thinking experiment about case their cat is not dead or not alive. But in this...

The string theory offers a new way to calculate Pi.

"Scientists discovered a new series for pi through string theory research, echoing a 15th-century formula by Madhava. By combining Euler-Beta Functions and Feynman Diagrams, they modeled particle interactions efficiently. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, String Theory Unravels New Pi Formula: A Quantum Leap in Mathematics) People normally think that. The pi is the ratio of the circumference circle's circumference to the circle's diameter. The Pi is a mathematical constant 3.14159..., the endless decimal number. The Pi is interesting because developers can use that decimal number to make the encryption algorithms stronger.  The idea is that the encryptions program hides the message's original ASCII numbers by multiplicating those numbers with some decimal number. Or the system can add some numbers to those ASCII numbers.  "Aninda Sinha (left) and Arnab Saha (right). Credit: Manu Y" (ScitechDaily, String Theory Unravels New Pi Formula: A Quantum Le...

There are always more than three actors in the real world.

"An international research team is advancing precision timekeeping by developing a nuclear clock using thorium isotopes and innovative laser methods, potentially transforming our understanding of physical constants and dark matter. (Artist’s concept.) Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Unveiling the Thorium Nuclear Clock and Its Time-Twisting Secrets) From Three-body problem... There are no pure three-body systems in nature. There are always more than three components in the system. For making real three-body systems we must separate those three bodies from the environment. Otherwise, there are stable effects. But nobody can predict some effects like distant supernova explosions or sun eruptions.  And one of those things that affect all bodies is time. When radioactive materials decay. That affects the stability and symmetry of the object.  Energy levels affect the existence of things like neutrons. The thorium atom clocks are next-generation tools for time measurement....