"Senescent cells, or “zombie cells,” are unique in that they ultimately cease multiplying but do not die off as expected." (ScitechDaily.com/Age Accelerating “Zombie Cells” – A New Study Sheds Light on These Unique Cells)
The term zombie cell means a cell that self-destruction is disturbed. That thing causes an effect, where those cells cannot die as they should. Those over-aged cells might affect aging and early stages of cancer. The forming of the zombie cell can be connected to the mitochondria.
Mitochondria are small organelles that are giving energy to the cells. Somewhere in history mitochondria were independent organisms. Mitochondria have their DNA that is separated from the cell's main DNA. And they divide independently. When a cell dies the mitochondria should stop the energy production.
But somehow the mitochondria continue their work after the calculated time. When the cell dies, the nucleus sends a mark to mitochondria to shut themselves down. When energy production of the cell ends it dies.
The metabolism products of the mitochondria are the mark that the cell is living. And even if the cell itself sends the mark that it's going to die, mitochondria continue their work that denies the immune cell to destroy that zombie cell.
Zombie cells are causing cancer because their DNA can face more damage than regular cells. And because those cells cannot die causes that those cells form "daughter cells", which DNA is not acting as it should.
And that thing causes cancer. But the zombie cells can increase the aging process. The reason for that might be in the immune system. When the cell is aging it sends chemical marks that tell its condition to immune cells. When the cell is advancing in a certain stage in its life, it sends the "stand by for eating me" to immune cells whose mission is to remove remnants of the dead cell. Then the cell sends its final mark and the immune cell destroys it.
That "stand by" mark tells that the core of the cell must turn thin. And the immune cells start to prepare for the destruction process. The purpose of that process is to deny the spread of programmed cell death. During that process, the antigens are affecting also the DNA by cutting its telomers. If the final mark of the death of the cells is not coming the immune cell continues its preparation process.
And those antigens are starting to spread in the body. Those antigens are cutting the DNA in other cells. The thing that supports this theory is that HIV viruses are also increasing the speed of aging. The anti-HIV medicals are affecting the genetic material of the viruses. And also the immune system creates antibodies that affect the DNA and RNA molecule synthesis.
Also, the virus itself copies itself to the DNA and that causes errors in the DNA structure. The HIV is the RNA-retrovirus. When the cell divides the RNA of the retrovirus can slip into the DNA. Because the cell makes a copy of the DNA through the RNA molecules. During that process, the cell copies the entire DNA to the daughter cell.
So the RNA molecules will travel above the DNA and transfer that code to the descendant cell. If there is the RNA of the HIV the copy process will be disturbed. That thing causes the descendant cell can have mutated cell organs.
Because the DNA and RNA molecules are shorter, this means the base-pair order is disturbed or the DNA is damaged because of HIV that thing causes the aging of the cells to be faster than usual. And because the immune system and medicines must affect the DNA that thing causes damage to the DNA molecules all around the body.
https://scitechdaily.com/age-accelerating-zombie-cells-a-new-study-sheds-light-on-these-unique-cells/
https://scitechdaily.com/hiv-accelerates-aging-by-5-years/
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