Sometimes is introduced very interesting theory about the origin of dark energy. The theory claims that the empty bubbles in the universe are the origin of dark energy.
The idea is that when photons and all other particles are traveling in the empty bubble they are traveling faster than outside that bubble. And when those particles are smashing to the edge of the empty bubble that particle releases its energy in the form of wave movement.
When a particle would fly in an empty bubble where the effect of the quantum fields is lower than other places in the universe there is the possibility that the particle's speed will rise higher than it would be in the regular universe. And when the particle travels outside the empty bubble. It will release its kinetic energy to the universe around it.
When that particle hits the "core" of the bubble of nothingness. It releases energy when its speed is slowing. The energy will transmit to the quantum fields of atoms and ions.
The thing that makes those empty bubbles interesting is the thing that is in those areas quantum fields are weaker than in a normal universe. The quantum fields are the thing that slows the particles. And if the quantum fields are weak that means the speed of particles would be higher than usual.
There is a couple of explanations for the empty bubbles. The first explanation is that the black holes are cleaned the space from material in those areas. Another explanation would be that the quantum fields of the atoms of the interstellar nebulas are somehow expanded and pushed other material away from that area.
In the wildest ideas, the new universes are born in those empty areas where is no gas or electromagnetic radiation. If that new universe is forming of particles that are a different size to particles that we know. We could not see that new universe.
When particles travel through that bubble. The radiation or photons that interact with those particles are increasing their energy. And their speed will rise to the level which crosses their maximum speed in the normal universe.
https://earthsky.org/space/is-our-universe-a-bubble/
https://interestingengineering.com/astronomers-just-spotted-a-colossal-empty-hole-in-space
https://www.sciencealert.com/astronomers-have-found-a-giant-spherical-cavity-in-space
Image:https://www.sciencealert.com/astronomers-have-found-a-giant-spherical-cavity-in-space
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