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The fixed "logical trees" are so-called pseudo-intelligent.



A logical tree means the computer program, which asks fixed questions. And the answers are fixed too. And the user can give those answers by using radio buttons in the form. That kind of program might seem very intelligent. But the fact is that they are the only series of answers and questions. 

Those programs require fixed answers. And if somebody answers something else that causes errors. So if there is no match for an answer in the database, the program can say that "allowed answers are "A" "B" or "C". 

But that is required only when the user writes that answer from the keyboard. If the programmer uses a form where is the radio buttons there are no errors in the program line. 

That kind of form is well-known from many exams. In tests, this kind of program is routing the answer to the "error" database or "right" database. And the points are calculated from the answers that are stored in those databases. 

We can make the logical chains in for the computer or their programs. Those logical chains are the chains of questions and pre-ordered answers that are taking us somewhere. Those questions and answers can make by using radio buttons in the forms. So that kind of thing doesn't require complex programs and even the student can make that thing. 

The questions and answers are fixed in an entirety that looks like a tree. The question can have alternatives A, B, and C. which are alike crossroads. And each of them will route the user to a certain route. And after all, there is the end of the route. In that fixed model the user uses the fixed choices and the limit of that tree is the time of its maker. 

So if the end of the chain of the question is "Cogito Ergo Sum" or the computer congrats user and says: "you are like René Descartes" that might make the user feel impressed. But if the user would stay and follow the other users of that tree, that user might see that every other user will get the same answer.  Does that make the impression? Is the computer more intelligent than humans in the case where there are chains of questions and answers in its memory?


Why chess is used as a tool for making learning artificial intelligence programs? The reason is that chess is limited and the rules of the game are clear enough that the learning programs are easy to make. 


And is the computer more intelligent than humans if it plays chess better than humans? Maybe the computer can play chess better than humans. But that kind of program cannot do anything else. And humans are more multifunction than some chess computers. 

That thing is one of the biggest questions in computing. Making the chess program is not so difficult as many people expect. The system includes multiple databases, where are the movements of every single piece of the game. And maybe those databases are connected by using some famous chess games as the matrix. The movements of the winner are just stored in those databases. 

Breaking that game is an "easy thing" if the person knows what games are stored in those databases. And that gives the possibility to predict the movements of that computer. But if there are many chess games stored in the database the computer can choose another matrix or database if the first one is ineffective. 

A learning system that benefits the cumulation of the information is harder to make but it's more flexible. In that model, the computer uses the matrix game and records the movements of the opponent. The opponent is winning or losing and the computer analyzes which is better it or the opponent. Then it stores the opponent's game in its memory, and it can build series of the game matrixes. 


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