So does the universe expand faster than light? The question is interesting. If we are using two photons released in the Big Bang and which are traveling in the opposite direction the virtual speed of the expansion is 2X the speed of light. Another thing that can travel faster than light is the quantum field of the first particles that were released from the Big Bang.
Sometimes is introduced the idea that only one particle caused the big bang. The energy of the thing that exploded was extremely high. And around that object was the zero-energetic universe. So if the thing that released the material was vaporizing the black hole that eruption was very rough. But when the first particle materialized to an empty universe nothing limited the expansion of its quantum field.
The fact is that we don't know the shape of the Big Bang. If we think that the Big Bang was behave like a black hole that means the shape of the big bang can be like a galaxy. So there is the disk around that point. Or maybe the shape of the released material was like a stick. That means the universe is not like the ball.
And that has caused an idea. That some kind of particle that formed in the wave-particle duality pulled the black hole to the universe. When the particle dropped in the black hole. That was the remaining of the old universe. Caused that the energy started to flow to the zero-energetic area. So there is the possibility that the form of the was like beam more than the symmetric ball. But those things are purely hypotheses.
"The local geometry of the universe is determined by whether the density parameter Ω is greater than, less than, or equal to 1. From top to bottom: a spherical universe with Ω > 1, a hyperbolic universe with Ω < 1, and a flat universe with Ω = 1. These depictions of two-dimensional surfaces are merely easily visualizable analogs to the 3-dimensional structure of (local) space". (Wikipedia/Shape of the universe).
Only if the Ω > 1, the gravity wins and the result is the big crunch. In other ways, the universe expands forever and the end of it is a big silence.
The expansion of the universe is the thing. That causes the quantum fields of the material are turning bigger. And that thing means that sooner or later tachyons would break the core of the protons and neutrons. Their movement trajectory will turn so big that it's the end of the proton and neutron. So the term expansion of the universe also means the cooling of the universe. And that can turn to decrease the energy level of the universe.
So the expansion of universe=cooling of the universe=decrease the energy level of the universe.
Was universe someday looked like this? The image portrays the Sombrero-galaxy. And if this is the shape of the universe that means we are living in an open universe. (Image: Pinterest)
Where did the Big Bang happen?
In the past, people believed that there is the center of the universe. But modern science has rejected that idea. A simplified model of the universe is that is the ball that expands forever. or until the gravity wins. But now we know that the universe is much more complicated than some ball-shape thing. There are things like dark matter and dark energy that are making determine the location of the Big Bang very difficult or even impossible. But maybe quantum computers help to locate that place by using the data that is got by using the most modern technology. But until that happens the "center of the universe remains as myth".
This is the thing that made Edwin Hubble define the form of the Universe. Hubble thought that the universe is the ball. And the point where the Big Bang happened is the center of that ball. This is the simplified answer to the good question. Then somebody asks where cosmologists get their salary? At that point, the answer to the question of where the Big Bang happened is not so simple as we first thought. The fact is that we just predict that the form of the universe is a ball. The reason for that is the Big Bang theory. Because all material that we know is released in the Big Bang from a certain point that means the universe is the ball.
Or expanding ball that expands until the gravity wins the kinetic energy that the material got from the Big Bang. The thing is that if we could see all energy that model would be very good. But the dark energy means that defining the geometric form of the Universe is more difficult than we ever thought. If the universe is the ball the gravity wins. And everything ends in the big crunch. But the dark energy is ripping the universe in pieces. And over 80% of material is invisible to us.
Even if the material of the universe is forming the ball. There is the possibility that there is lots of material outside the visible material of the universe and the role of that material is crucial if we are thinking about the form of the universe. There is the possibility that outside the ball of the galaxies are the material clouds. That are forming "wings" or "layers" outside the galactic core of the universe. And that means the universe that seems nice and clean ball would be hyperbolic or flat. And if the form of the universe is flat or hyperbolic the expansion continues forever.
So the expansion of the universe continues. The thing that we are calling "expansion" means that galaxies distance themselves from each other. But now we know that some galaxies are also traveling to each other. And the Milky Way will impact with Andromeda galaxy somewhere in the future. But the question is does the universe expand. The thing is that the distance between galaxies is getting longer.
Edwin Hubble created the idea that observing the redshift of galaxies is possible to determine if the galaxy is on the opposite side of the universe. And the galaxy in which redshift is strongest is traveling opposite side to us. But we are not sure what is outside that point. The space continues outside the observable material.
()https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy
()https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter
()https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_center_of_the_Universe
()https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redshift
()https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_of_the_universe
()https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model
()https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_fate_of_the_universe
()https://kimmoswritings.blogspot.com/
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