In some models, dark energy is the wave motion that travels between quarks and gluons. When the hill of that wave motion hits quarks and gluons. That wave motion rises their energy level. Then that energy impact pushes those things away from each other.
In the case where the wave motion's bottom comes to the point of the gluon or quark. That removes energy from that point. And quarks and gluon are sending wave motion that pushes them away from each other.
One description of dark energy is that is free energy. Free energy means energy that has no connection with material and reactions.
Dark energy is a strange wave motion that seems to have no origin. So one description for dark energy could be free energy. That free energy seems to have no connection with any known reactions or particles in the universe. But dark energy is the thing that makes researchers believe that there is a final and the same particle or structure that is the origin of all known particles and wave motion. Wave motion is the synonym for energy in this text.
The Schwinger effect proves that wave motion can turn to particle, and particle can turn to wave motion. So the material is one form of energy. That thing means that energy is wave motion. And the material can form straight from crossing wave motion. That thing forms only elementary particles.
The elementary particles' main groups are.
* Fermions that are forming material.
* Bosons that are transporting nuclear interactions.
Four fundamental interactions are from the smallest to the largest.
*Strong nuclear force
*Weak nuclear force
*Electromagnetism
*Gravitation
When some researchers are talking about the fermion stars they forget one thing. Fermions like quarks and leptons form material. Hadrons like protons and neutrons are a combination of quarks. There are also many other subatomic structures, like gluons. Those things transport a strong nuclear force.
There is a theory that dark energy forms when the energy makes the small strings between quarks oscillate. Or shaper saying those small channels or strings. That forming when gluons are jumping between quarks are acting like antennas and send wave motion to those quarks that are starting to oscillate and send that wave motion out from the atom.
What makes dark energy so hard to detect? And what that thing tells about the dark energy and material?
Dark energy is the wave motion that is not possible to detect straight. The reason for that is there is a possibility that other wave motions are covering that wave motion below them.
We can think of energy as a river. There are waves in the main flow. But if we are looking at those waves we can see that there are more details. On those waves is sub-waves. So maybe dark energy is wave motion that is riding with some other wave motion. Or maybe its source is in the oscillation of the particles.
Superstring theory introduces particles as the yarn balls that form by the strings or quantum lightning that are orbiting the center. There could be some kind of wavy motion that is very hard to detect.
In that model, the wavy motion of those superstrings is not synchronous. So those superstrings can wave separately, and that thing makes it possible that there is wave motion that we cannot see because its effect is so weak. And why it's so weak? The reason for that is that the area where those waves affect is so small.
In some models, dark energy is some kind of medium between gravitational waves and some other energy forms. In that model, the effective area of the wave motion is called dark energy. Is so small that we simply cannot measure that interaction.
We know that dark energy has no connection with any reaction or material. So it's the form of free energy. And all energy must have some kind of source. That means that the source of the dark energy could be so small a particle that it causes so small-area interaction that cannot measure.
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