Can spinning spacecraft create artificial gravitation?

The fact is that artificial gravitation is not the same as gravitation on Earth. The artificial gravitation that is made by using spinning structures bases the centripetal force. 

That means things like the Coriolis effect are things. That makes artificial gravitation a different type than so-called normal gravitation. When something is dropped in the spinning spacecraft that thing will drop by screw trajectory. 

And the fast-spinning spacecraft can cause nausea for people on board. The spinning structure is the only way how to make artificial gravitation. If we want to send the crew to other planets we need artificial gravitation. Without a gravitation field, the muscles of the astronaut will turn weak during the spaceflight that takes years.  

If the muscles are getting weak after space flight that person cannot operate on the surface of the planet. There is the possibility that the spin of the craft is not very fast if it is used only for anchoring things on the layers. In that case, the gravitation is used only to determine where the spacecraft's roof and floor are. 

There is introduced one of the most interesting visions of artificial gravitation. In that vision, while the craft is in the middle of the space between planets or stars the spin would be very slow. The muscles of the crew will turn weak. But when the craft is approaching its target speed of spin will increase. And that thing turns the gravitation stronger. 

When we will send the spacecraft to another planet. Artificial gravitation is the vital element of that things. The travel to other planets will take about a year if the destiny is Mars or Venus. But to the gas giants, the journey takes a longer time. And the only way to keep the crew in condition is the artificial gravitation. Or the remote-controlled robot can make that kind of mission. 

Things like social problems make manned missions inside our solar systems difficult. And, of course, the journey takes years. That means the crew must spend a considerable period of their life in the space. These kinds of things are even more difficult to solve than simple technical solutions that are needed in long-term space missions. But maybe someday humans will make the first bases on other planets. 

https://www.skyatnightmagazine.com/space-science/spinning-spacecraft-artificial-gravity/

Image:)https://www.skyatnightmagazine.com/space-science/spinning-spacecraft-artificial-gravity/

Researchers are found math neurons in human brains.

Image 1:)

Researchers are found math neurons in human brains. That thing gives new information on how and when the neurons are starting to specify. The discovery of the neurons that are specialized in mathematics is opening new paths for neurosciences. Because there are the math neurons there should be language neurons. 

And maybe there are specialized neurons for every type of skill that people have. So there could be cooking neurons and social neurons that are controlling social activities in the neural network. 

When researchers are finding when the separation of the neurons starts. That thing makes the revolution in the training and education. Learning new skills is rewiring brains. And if that process can be controlled by researchers, that brings the new and powerful educating tools to the hands of the educational processors. 

That kind of research can serve the medical care of brain damages. There is a possibility that in the future. The person whose brain is injured. Can get the neural transplant. That thing can make by using the cloned neurons. But the problem is: How to transfer the skills, that people had to those neurons? Every single skill that a person has is stored in neurons.

Image 2:)

And that thing means that if a neuron is lost. The data includes skills that are stored in those neurons gone forever. 

That is the thing that makes brain damage so hard to recover. Researchers can clone neurons. But the problem is how to recover skills and memories that are gone to the cloned neurons. Skills are memories like all other things. 

The thing is that when we are expanding our understanding of brains and their function we are getting tools how to make more effective neural networks. And those things might consist the hybrid systems where the living neurons are connected with artificial intelligence and non-organic sensors. 

We know why our brains are so effective. Brains are made of billions of neurons and that thing makes them effective. But the thing is that the brains are starting their data handling process same time in multiple locations in neural structure. 

And that increases their effectiveness. When some neuron group is needed for some other mission, that group will store the thing in memory. And that allows that other neuron group will continue with that thing. The internal axon structure can transmit the data that is stored in memory to anywhere in the neural structure. 

The new type of neural computers, networks, and deep-learning AI can use the data that is collected from the sensors. The deep-learning systems are following the success of the robots by using certain parameters. Those parameters can be simply how far a robot can operate without causing damages or getting damaged. 

The fuzzy logic makes that kind of system "quite easy to make". At the first, the AI would operate by using a large number of actors. When some actor will make mistake the AI drops that thing away. If the AI would follow robots that system records how far a robot can travel or how long it can operate. 

Then the parameter can be simple like this: (number of actions/time unit). The best result would be stored in the memory of AI. And then the AI would use mission records to find out where the mistake is made. If a robot falls into the canyon. 

The AI would control those machines to drive farther from the canyon's edge. So the best result is the same thing that makes the AI select a certain route. And of course, if we want to connect the number of actions to the robot. That thing can be picking up the ground samples. 

https://scitechdaily.com/brains-of-cosmonauts-rewired-during-space-missions/

https://scitechdaily.com/hiddenite-a-new-ai-processor-based-on-a-cutting-edge-neural-network-theory/

https://scitechdaily.com/specific-math-neurons-identified-in-the-brain/

Image 1:)https://scitechdaily.com/brains-of-cosmonauts-rewired-during-space-missions/

Image 2:)https://scitechdaily.com/specific-math-neurons-identified-in-the-brain/

Are we living in a simulation?

A lighthouse is a good example of an isolated place. What if some person lives entirely life in that kind of place. And plays some computer games? Would those games turn to reality? 

Is reality an simulation? Before you will start to laugh we must determine the simulation. Many people believe that simulations are only things like computer programs. But there are also other types of simulations. The main types of simulations are: 

1) Computer-based virtual simulations like computer games. 

2) Physical simulations like military exercises.

3) Hybrid simulations where operators control robots at operational areas. 

The virtual or virtual reality-based simulations are the computer programs that are running on virtual reality. And things like computer games are one version of simulations. 

But the physical simulations also exist. Physical simulations are things like military exercises. The physical simulation means that person would go to some area. And then that person starts to make things like assault practices. Those are needed for some special things. Things like fire simulations for firemen training are also physical simulations. 

When we are thinking about virtual simulations those simulations can be independent. They might not have a connection with the real world. But there is the possibility that there is a hybrid simulation where the operator is controlling things like remote-control jet fighters or field-operating man-looking robots. So the operator would sit on the chair and control things that are happening in the field. That kind of simulation allows making real-life attacks against air defense stations. 

The Solar Warden is the theory of the modern Kaspar Hauser. That fully isolated person would live in a place where is no real contact with outsiders. 

The idea of living in simulation begins with Kaspar Hauser. That boy has grown in a cell where his only toy was the horse(1). You can read his story from Wikipedia. But by using modern technology is possible to make the "modern Kaspar Hauser". Have you ever thought about what happens if some person grows at the lone island or deep-sea base? 

When we are thinking about things like "Solar Warden". In conspiracy theories "Solar Warden" means imaginational space station that is orbiting the sun. We forget that "Solar Warden" might mean the lone island. The idea of that thing is stolen from the novel " The Little Prince". by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. The "Little Prince" lives on his asteroid. The thing is that the "little Prince" is the symbol of the isolated person. 

So what if we would replace the word "asteroid" by using the word "island"? There is, of course, made a version about that tale where the "island" is the base like nuclear command bunker where the information is fully controlled? What if our Little Prince would live at the Cheyenne Mountain command center all his life? What kinds of things that person might think about the world. What if somebody claims that the world outside Cheyenne Mountain is destroyed in the nuclear war? Would somebody come out and check the things. 

There is one very interesting story about the Finnish lighthouse at Bengtskär. When the youth of the lighthouse guard came to school on the mainland that person didn't even know what were trees. The lighthouse is in a place where are no other islands. And there is the possibility that the person would not see trees before. If the person would not have any other contact with the outer world the people who share information might control everything that isolated person knows. 

And they might call the planet where they are Neptune. Or they can even create their religion for those people who have no other contact with the outer world than some selected person. The thing is that the people who might have no contact with other reality than information that the controller shares might believe that the world is destroyed in the nuclear war. 

(1)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaspar_Hauser

What if Earth would be flat?

We all know that Earth is almost like a ball. Or it's flattened on poles because centripetal force is stretching its equator. But the Earth is not flat. This is the thing that everybody should understand. 

 Flat Earth is one of the things that are proven wrong. But if Earth would be flat. That thing should rotate quite fast. Or the size of the pancake world should be extremely small. 

If the flat Earth would be stable the gravitation would pull all water to the middle of the disk. But large size object requires centripetal force to deny the collapse of the structure. That means the structure must rotate. Same way, if we will create the black-hole-driven spacecraft. Its core should rotate. For eliminating the effect of the massive gravitation. In that case, the centripetal force will pull the edge of the core outside. 

When we see films where people would hang at the edge of imaginational flat Earth we forget that gravitation would pull those people to the center of that thing. So people could walk at the edge of the world normally. Or the centripetal force will just throw people away from the edge of our flat Earth. 

Many things are wrong when people are talking about flat Earth. If the flat Earth would rotate the rotating disk would act as a centrifugal cannon. That thing means that water and all hummus will fly away from the disk. The idea is similar to when the fast-rotating disk would drop water. That disk would sling that water around the room. 

The centripetal force would just remove gas and water away from that disk. If that disk would not rotate the gravity would crush that structure. So the centripetal force is needed to deny the collapse of the pancake world. 

The flat Earth is the thing that is proven as fake. The curving horizon proves that Earth is ball-shaped. 

The "Alderson disk"

But there is one very interesting model that might interest people. That model is called "Alderson disk". The idea of the Alderson disk is taken from flat Earth. The Alderson disk would be a giant artificial megastructure. So-called artificial planet. The Alderson disk would require rotation movement for keeping its form. 

And that thing makes this futuristic disk-world very hard to build. Without centripetal force that structure would collapse immediately. But the rotating speed at the edge of the disk would be extremely high. And that speed would drive all water to the space. 

The Alderson disk would be very big construction work even the Kardachev class 3 civilizations. The weight of that kind of structure would be enormous. So that means there is the possibility that even if that structure is possible to make. The asteroids will impact with it and destroy that thing. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alderson_disk

https://gamesandtehories.blogspot.com/

The laser could send probes to Mars in 45 days.

Image 1) "Project Starshot, an initiative sponsored by the Breakthrough Foundation, is intended to be humanity’s first interstellar voyage. Credit: breakthroughinitiatives.org "(SciTechDaily/Lasers Could Send Missions to Mars in Just 45 Days)

The solar sails are effective systems for researching our solar system. The high-power laser system can send the swarm of probes outside the solar system and even to other solar systems. In that, the most extreme version of that project. There would be made a chain of ultra-powerful lasers in the solar system. 

And then those lasers would give a punch for the solar sail when it travels through that point. The lasers can be fusion-powered systems that are basing Tokamak-reactor. The laser would install in the middle of the donut-shaped reactor. And then the radiation of that reactor would conduct to the laser element. There is the possibility to increase the power of the lasers by shooting electrons. Or some ions inside the laser rays. Those particles will increase the energy of the laser rays. 

The solar sail that is sent to the journey would not be one craft. That system might be a swarm of miniaturized probes that are connected with the membrane. Those probes can be separated at the right distance. The thing is that this kind of system must be very large. 

Image 2) "A swarm of laser-sail spacecraft leaving the Solar System. Credit: Adrian Mann" (ScitechDaily/Lasers Could Send Missions to Mars in Just 45 Days)

Because the energy load that those lasers are given is very high. In the missions to the outer side of the solar system or even to other solar systems the solar sail would use the outcoming energy as long as possible. The energy can transmit to that solar sail by using coherent radio waves. Or the system can use laser rays that are targeted to the large membrane. That is covered by using a thin silicon layer. That layer can use to create electricity for the solar sail. 

That thing minimizes the energy load that hits the solar sail. So the solar sail would be a group of probes that are acting as an entirety. The solar sails are one of the versions of the interstellar and interplanetary probes. The thing is that there are many variants to this construction that benefits the solar wind for traveling in the solar system. 

The solar sail could be a multipurpose tool. The sail is a very large structure. And there is the possibility to use that kind of thing as a spaceborne radio telescope. The large lightweight structure can be used also as a large-size radar. And the components that are installed in that thing can use also CCD cameras. The thing is that the same kind of structures that are suitable for the solar sails are also suitable for large-size orbital radars. The ultra-thin membrane acts as the radio telescope or radar. Can use as a communication antenna in the solar sails. But it can also use as a recon system that is orbiting Earth. 

https://scitechdaily.com/lasers-could-send-missions-to-mars-in-just-45-days/

Images:https://scitechdaily.com/lasers-could-send-missions-to-mars-in-just-45-days/

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

The Space X Starship can have a key role in future space projects.

Image 1:) Artist’s rendering of a SpaceX Starship leaving a lunar colony. Credit: SpaceX (ScitechDaily/Space Missions To Watch: A Lunar Return, a Jupiter Moon, and the Most Powerful Rocket Ever Built)

The Starship is a new type of large-scale vertical take-off and landing shuttle that can operate almost everywhere. That system can be the tool for the next space programs. When we are thinking possibility to send that craft to the Moon. There is the possibility that the Starship is connected with some other rocket. The Starship can launch to the orbiter and the auxiliary stage can dock to the back of Starship. By using that kind of modular system is the possibility to make journeys to the Moon or even to other planets. 

There is the possibility to connect the NERVA system or ion rocket stage at the back of the Starship. In the plans, the reactors that nuclear thermal propulsion requires. Would load at the Lunar orbiter. Those lightweight but extremely powerful reactors would use high-enriched plutonium or some synthetic elements like neptunium, californium, or einsteinium as nuclear fuel. Those reactors can use as the NERVA system. Or they can use in ion engines. 

The Starship can use also as a platform for the orbital weapon systems. Those systems require high-power laser systems. And those lasers and ion systems can install in large-scale space shuttles. Those kinds of lasers can use to destroy recon, location, or communication satellites. And the ion systems can also use to create plasma over the hostile communication centers. 

https://www1.grc.nasa.gov/historic-facilities/rockets-systems-area/7911-2/

https://scitechdaily.com/space-missions-to-watch-a-lunar-return-a-jupiter-moon-and-the-most-powerful-rocket-ever-built/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NERVA

By the way, the Ingenuity-helicopter still runs on Mars. 

Image 2) Ingenuity helicopter. (Space.com/1 year later, Ingenuity helicopter still going strong on Mars)

Those kinds of small helicopters are pathfinders in many ways. Those helicopters can search for water and interesting samples from large areas. And those systems can have multiple sensors like lasers and radars. Those systems can connect with spectrometers that are telling what kind of elements some areas involve.  

Also, the feet of those helicopters might have seismic sensors. So that kind of helicopter can operate with rovers. The thing is that the small helicopters can use advanced AI even they are small-size. 

The AI can be at the rover. Or there is the possibility that another planet would send the computer unit to assist those rovers and helicopters. Those small helicopters can use for simulating high-flying helicopters that can observe areas by using infrared cameras and small radars. Those helicopters are suitable to observe the strength of the ice. And they can search for pollution from water and air. 

The miniature helicopters can get their energy supply by laser rays. The laser or radio system that is targeted to their solar panels or radio receivers can give an energy supply for those systems. The small-size helicopter can land on the roof of the bunker. And then it can listen to things that people are talking about in it. It can aim laser or radar systems to windows for observing people. 

The system can use its seismic sensors to record noise through the wall. Or it can try to use radar. Or a sonar system for searching things that are inside the houses. 

https://www.space.com/nasa-ingenuity-mars-helicopter-one-year-anniversary

Image 2:) https://www.space.com/nasa-ingenuity-mars-helicopter-one-year-anniversary

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/

The artificial sun is hotter than the sun.

In the fusion reactor, the intensive heat causes The temperature of the plasma to be higher than the nucleus of the sun.  And there is too hot for light. The dominating infrared light will turn all other radiation to infrared. And the temperature in those systems is higher than the sun's nucleus.

Deuterium and tritium plasma that is traveling in the donut-shaped Tokamak-accelerator-reactor. And then the magnets will create intensive pressure in that plasma. The magnets keep the plasma away from the core of the fusion reactor. 

Ignition of a fusion reactor will make by stressing plasma with lasers and microwaves. The microwaves are better because that radiation will make it possible to stress plasma in the entire area of an accelerator.

The intensive heat of the reactor needs extreme tools for making the best solutions. And one of those systems that can help researchers is deep-learning AI. That AI can use to collect data of the highest reached temperature, the longest fusion time. And the best energy production. From those cases, the AI will also store the relations of deuterium and tritium in each case. And that data can use for re-adjusting the fuel mixture.

The deep learning AI can control the magnetic fields inside the reactor. And that thing makes it possible to drive plasma with extremely high accuracy. Most civilian fusion systems use deuterium and tritium are for making fusion. In hydrogen bombs, lithium or lithium-deuteride is acting as the fusion stage. The mainly used mixture is Lithium-6-deuteride. That material is impacted by neutrons that are forming deuterium and lithium.

There has sometimes introduced an idea to use vaporized lithium (or lithium-deuteride) in the fusion reactor. The vaporization of lithium can happen in the fuel line, and then the vaporized and ionized lithium will conduct to Tokamak-reactor. That system requires an absolute vacuum because lithium explodes very easily if it contacts with oxygen. The deuterium and tritium production can make by stressing that lithium or lithium-deuteride with x-rays. 

The absolute vacuum makes it possible to vaporize lithium by using microwaves or lasers. In the Teller-Ulam construction of thermonuclear weapons, Lithium 6-deuteride is bombarded with neutrons. That reaction produces tritium. The problem is how to make neutrons? 

The problem with heavier hydrogen isotopes, deuterium, and tritium is that those isotopes are not very common. There is the possibility to produce those isotopes by using cosmic radiation. The water tank will rise to high mountain areas or the high atmosphere and then the cosmic radiation turns the hydrogen of water to deuterium and tritium. 

That thing makes it possible to create more deuterium and tritium atoms than in normal water. But the fusion is waiting for its breakthrough. And when that thing happens we have a new and powerful energy source. 

https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/02/16/1045470/deepminds-ai-can-control-superheated-plasma-inside-a-fusion-reactor/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuterium

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_hydride

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_lithium#Lithium-6

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Teller%E2%80%93Ulam_design

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tritium

Image:)https://www.technologyreview.com/2022/02/16/1045470/deepminds-ai-can-control-superheated-plasma-inside-a-fusion-reactor/

https://thoughtsaboutsuperpositions.blogspot.com/