A new model suggests the Milky Way's supermassive black hole sacrifices its own energy to boost cosmic rays.

“In this artist’s conception, the black hole at the center of our galaxy is surrounded by a hot disk of accreting material. Blue lines trace magnetic fields. Credit: M. Weiss / Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics” (ScitechDaily, The Milky Way’s Monster Black Hole May Be Sacrificing Its Own Energy To Power Cosmic Rays)

“Most of the intense radiation associated with actively feeding black holes originates from surrounding matter rather than from the black holes themselves. However, physicist Roger Penrose proposed in 1969 that rotating black holes could also surrender some of their own energy through a mechanism known as the Penrose process.”(ScitechDaily, The Milky Way’s Monster Black Hole May Be Sacrificing Its Own Energy To Power Cosmic Rays)

"This process operates in the ergosphere, a region where the black hole’s rotation twists spacetime so strongly that everything must move in the direction of its spin.”(ScitechDaily, The Milky Way’s Monster Black Hole May Be Sacrificing Its Own Energy To Power Cosmic Rays)

“In the new study, researchers modeled neutrons produced by nuclear reactions in the hot gas surrounding Sagittarius A*. Some neutrons could enter the ergosphere and decay into protons, electrons, and antineutrinos. The resulting charged particles would interact with the magnetic field, potentially allowing protons to escape with enormous amounts of energy.”(ScitechDaily, The Milky Way’s Monster Black Hole May Be Sacrificing Its Own Energy To Power Cosmic Rays)

“These accelerated protons would travel outward and collide with dense gas in the Central Molecular Zone surrounding the Galactic center. Such collisions can produce gamma rays and neutrinos, providing potential observational evidence of the mechanism.” (ScitechDaily, The Milky Way’s Monster Black Hole May Be Sacrificing Its Own Energy To Power Cosmic Rays)

“Schematic of how decaying particles can extract energy from a black hole. Credit: Cermeño, et al.”(ScitechDaily, The Milky Way’s Monster Black Hole May Be Sacrificing Its Own Energy To Power Cosmic Rays)

But then we can ask: can the gamma rays alone cause the effect? Their quarks and hadrons can turn into energy. That means. Gamma rays, or X-rays. They can turn the quarks into wave movement. This means that the effect can look like the Coulomb explosion. This happens when that radiation strips electrons away from atoms. And the proton repulsive effect. Rips atoms into pieces. An. Ultimate version. Gamma photons can turn quarks into radiation. That high-energy photon can hit the quark. And that energy is released. 

The black hole’s radiation turns weaker. That causes an effect. Where energy. that is stored in quarks starts to travel out from it. The fact is this: those collisions are very rare in the regular universe. But near black holes, there are lots more high-energy photons than around other objects. Things. Like Coulomb explosions. And interatomic Coulomb decays can release more energy into that area. 

“Animation of Coulomb explosion of a cluster of atoms. The big circles are atoms; their hue indicates charge (red is neutral, green is positive). The small circles are electrons; their hue indicates kinetic energy. Because. The electrons move so quickly on this time scale. They. Are seen only stroboscopically. (Wikipedia, Coulomb Explosion). This effect can also break atomic nuclei. That requires. The energy impulses strip its electrons away. 

The new model suggests that the Sagittarius A* the surpermassive black hole in the center of the Milky Way transfers its kinetic energy to protons. Protons receive that energy. And then transmit it forward. That is one thing. That can form the cosmic rays. Or particles. That are at a far higher energy level. That particle accelerators can create. This means. That cosmic rays are a very interesting and complex question. When. We think. About the possibility that the black hole transfers energy. That. Its spin forms straight into protons. 

This means that fields around the black hole's singularity also spin. When a proton impacts that spinning field, it receives energy. If. The field spins with the singularity. That means. Protons start to spin in the opposite direction. That causes an effect. The proton starts to stretch. This pulls one or two quarks away from the proton’s structure.  Two up and one down quark form a proton. There are also other particles. This can happen when a stretched proton falls through the event horizon. 

When. Those quarks' distance from each other becomes too long.  That cuts. The strong nuclear interaction bonds that keep those quarks in the proton. That releases lots of energy. That can send quarks through the universe with enormous energy levels. 

But as we know, the energy fields around the supermassive black holes are more complex. Than. Nobody thought. Radiation from the supermassive black holes is enormous. That radiation can destroy small objects near it. The high-energy radiation can destroy chemical bonds. And when the bond breaks. It releases the energy that those bonds stored. 

This means that radiation around black holes can cause an effect called a Coulomb explosion. Or. The effect is similar to a Coulomb explosion. 

In. Coulomb explosion, or its ultimate version. Strings that form quarks turn straight. If. That happens in a proton or neutron. The energy pushes other quarks away. And that can break the quark bonds. In nature, that can happen when an anti-electron (positron) hits an electron. That sends gamma photons at a 180-degree angle. That can cause a situation. There, the gamma photon hits the quark. That can release so much energy that it can push the electrons away. That causes. That increases. The distance between protons in the atom’s core. That releases free energy in the atom. And that can rip the atom in pieces. 

The high-energy environment causes that.  More energy can be trapped in particles. When a particle closes the black hole, the energy level around it rises. The energy level in atoms and elementary particles can rise. Until. The black hole separates from its halo. When. The black hole gets less matter. Its. radiation level decreases. That causes a situation. Where. Energy starts to travel out from particles. 

That releases energy stored in those quarks. Basically, that interaction is similar to annihilation. A high-energy X-ray or gamma photon hits a quark. That quark receives that energy. When. That happens. For. A short moment. The quark is in a quantum vacuum. That vacuum rips the quark into pieces. 

But anyway, the strong radiation near the black hole can strip electrons from all ions and atoms. In that process, the high-energy photons bomb atoms’ cores. Without. Without electron shells. The repulsive effect of the protons rips atoms apart. That releases the energy of bonds. That keeps atoms in one piece. 

https://scitechdaily.com/the-milky-ways-monster-black-hole-may-be-sacrificing-its-own-energy-to-power-cosmic-rays/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb_explosion

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb%27s_law

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interatomic_Coulombic_decay