The Hawking radiation is not limited to black holes.

"A team of researchers has affirmed Stephen Hawking’s prediction about the evaporation of black holes via Hawking radiation, though they’ve provided a crucial modification. According to their research, the event horizon (the boundary beyond which nothing can escape a black hole’s gravitational pull) is not as important as previously believed in producing Hawking radiation. Instead, gravity and the curvature of spacetime play significant roles in this process. This insight extends the scope of Hawking radiation to all large objects in the universe, implying that, over a sufficiently long period, everything in the universe could evaporate". (ScitechDaily.com/Everything in the Universe Is Doomed To Evaporate – Hawking’s Radiation Theory Isn’t Limited to Black Holes)

In some models Hawking radiation is radiation that source is the material itself. That means all particles send radiation when the quantum field's power around them decreases. So all particles are sending wave movement with different wavelengths. And if researchers know wave movement they must only find the particle that sends it. 

That means researchers must only find graviton, the particle that sends gravitational waves. And the next thing is that they must find the particle that sends dark energy. Those two missing particles help to create a more accurate image and model of the universe. 

Creating the model of the universe is like making puzzles. The image is not perfect until researchers find all puzzles. And then they should find the point where all pieces are fitting. When researchers talk about the particle they must know its place in the structure. They must know its energy level and shape to determine its role in the universe. 

Some of the elementary particles exist only in a small moment. Some of the particles are not particles at all. They are like 2D quantum skyrmions or some kind of whirls. Those virtual particles are acting like particles. 

(Wikipedia/Fundamental interaction)

Researchers think that every single fundamental interaction has its carrier particle. Those carrier particles are called bosons. The problem is that the Higgs boson is an "empty boson". There is no known force that Higgs boson carries. 

Everything in the universe is doomed to evaporate. The reason for that is expansion of the universe. The Big Bang released all known energy and material into space and time. The material is one form of energy the shell of elementary particles is a whisk-looking structure that surrounds the internal energy field. And there is, of course, an energy field also outside the particles. The expansion of the universe causes a situation that there is less material in space. 

That decreases the gravitational interaction between particles and particle groups and increases the expansion speed. When the mass of matter relative to space decreases. That effect increases the speed of expansion. And when the size of the energy field expands. And from nowhere comes more energy. That means energy level decreases. That means the quantum field that surrounds all material turns weaker. 

That causes a situation. That energy inside the whisk-looking structure starts to travel out from the material. The situation is similar in case that balloon starts to rise in the atmosphere. When air pressure turns lower, that increases the size of the balloon. The thing that blows a balloon is the difference between the in- and outside pressure. Of course, rising speed determine how high the balloon can rise before the explosion. If the pressure decreases gently the balloon keeps its shape longer. 

Same way, if the energy level around the material decreases slower. The material will not vaporize or evaporate. If the energy level around the material decreases fast the energy field from inside the elementary particles travels out from them very fast. And if that speed is high enough, that causes the detonation of the material. If the energy travels out from the material too fast that destroys their structure. 

So particles are the pack of wave movement. And wave-particle duality means that the wave movent can turn to material or otherwise. When we think about things. Like the moment. Where superstrings started to turn material researchers are not sure what caused that process which turned the superstrings, the ultimate thin parts of wave movement to elementary particles. 

The problem is that this effect requires some kind of counterforce or counterwave. There is the possibility that lots of material or superstrings turned into black holes before the material's formation began. So, could dark energy be the Hawking radiation? That comes from the mega-massive black holes that are in the middle of the universe. 

Dark energy plays a big role in the universe's expansion process. The only known fact about dark energy is that it is wave movement with an unknown source. Sometimes researchers are thought that dark energy is wave movement whose source is in extremely small high-energy particles. 

So, in this model, dark energy radiation impacts in so small an area on the surface of the elementary particles that this interaction is extremely hard to detect. Maybe the new space telescopes can bring information. About the shape of the most mysterious and dominating effect in the universe. 

https://scitechdaily.com/everything-in-the-universe-is-doomed-to-evaporate-hawkings-radiation-theory-isnt-limited-to-black-holes/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction