Finnish LDR-50 SMR (Small Modular Reactor)-nuclear reactor produces only district heating. But it's possible to connect energy production units to those reactors.
Finnish LDR-50 SMR (Small Modular Reactor)-nuclear reactor produces only district heating. That reactor is called LDR-50. And its mission is being stripped from turbines and other things. The cooling of the reactor base is in the water's natural water cycle. At this moment, I must say that the turbines can also installed in the water cycle. Or the district heat water cycle. When we talk about energy, we must realize that the difference in temperatures and vapor pressure are things. That makes energy.
If there is a thing like a closed cycle turbine that uses liquid helium or liquid nitrogen to rotate the turbine wheel, that system can also produce electricity. The difference in temperatures is an interesting thing. If we lived on Pluto our bodies would give us enough energy. It vaporizes liquid helium to pressure, which can rotate turbogenerators. Those SMR-reactors can have many possibilities. Advanced turbines can installed anyway in the reactor's water cycle.
The nuclear waste also can give temperature for turbogenerators. That uses liquid helium or nitrogen. And nuclear waste's temperature will vaporize those liquid gases.
In some visions, the nuclear waste disposal site can also be used as a power plant. The system benefits liquid helium or nitrogen that rotates in a closed cycle. The nuclear waste's heat will vaporize that liquid gas that rotates the turbogenerator. The systems that use nuclear waste as a power source are not very common.
"Illustration of a nuclear district heating plant comprised of two LDR-50 reactor units constructed on an industrial site © VTT" (https://www.etson.eu/node/181)"TRISO particles can withstand extreme temperatures well beyond the threshold of current nuclear fuels". (TRISO Particles: The Most Robust Nuclear Fuel on Earth)
The nuclear fuel called TRISO (Tristuctural-isotropic fuel)
The TRISO means the balls where there are three layers. Those layers are ceramic, graphite, and nuclear fuel isotopes. The graphite layers can include two layers. Regular graphite and the outer layer would be carbonite crystals. Or the structure can be in the artificial diamond.
The most out layer would be a strong ceramic structure. If there are some problems. The reactor simply removes part of the TRISO balls. That should stop the nuclear reaction because the lack of half of the fuel turns the reactor into a subcritical condition. And when the problem is handled, the system returns those TRISO balls to the reactor.
The Subcritical nuclear reactors require a laser or some other electromagnetic heater. So they are a little bit like thorium reactors. The laser or microwave beams keep the nuclear reaction on. If those electromagnetic systems will shut down that thing stops the entire reaction.
https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/triso-particles-most-robust-nuclear-fuel-earth
https://www.etson.eu/node/181
https://www.ldr-reactor.fi/en/1099-2/
https://www.vttresearch.com/en/news-and-ideas/finnish-smr-innovation-awarded-european-commission-nuclear-innovation-prize-contest.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fuel
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