Thursday, August 31, 2023

Quantum devices can slow down chemical reactions.

 Quantum devices can slow down chemical reactions. 


Why does somebody want to slow chemical reactions? The reason for that is simple. When the system can adjust the speed at which compounds between atoms and molecules are forming the system can control those processes better. The ability to create complicated molecules is important in nanomechanics. If the system can connect certain nutrients in certain molecules. 

The Van der Waals forces are playing a key role in nanotechnology. And actually, nanomachines are Van der Waals molecules. Van der Waals molecules are complicated structures that researchers use to create new complex molecular structures. 

That allows us to make new types of medicines. And nanomachines can clean nervous systems from plaque in the next generation of medicines. Nanotechnology has multiple solutions in the computing, medical, engineering, and also in the military applications. Nanotechnology requires that the system can control chemical compounds between atoms and molecules. 


"Scientists at the University of Sydney used a quantum computer to slow and directly observe a key chemical reaction process, unveiling details previously unseen due to rapid timescales. This breakthrough offers new insights for materials science, drug design, and other fields." (ScitechDaily.com/Quantum Device Used To Slow Down Chemical Reaction by 100 Billion Times)



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"A wavepacket evolving around a conical intersection, measured experimentally using a trapped-ion quantum computer at the University of Sydney.

"To observe how a wavepacket behaves around a simulated conical intersection, researchers used a single trapped ion – a single charged atom of ytterbium confined in a vacuum by electric fields."

"It was then controlled and measured by applying a complex and precise sequence of laser pulses."

"The mathematical model that describes conical intersections was then engineered into the trapped-ion system."

"The ion was then allowed to evolve around the engineered conical intersection."

"Researchers then constructed a movie of the ion’s evolution around the conical intersection (see GIF). Each frame of the GIF shows an image outlining the probability of finding the ion at a specific set of coordinates".

Credit: University of Sydney (ScitechDaily.com/Quantum Device Used To Slow Down Chemical Reaction by 100 Billion Times)




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Quantum devices can slow down chemical reactions virtually. And now in real life. A chemical reaction is an event where atoms or molecules make electromagnetic compounds between other atoms or molecules. Those compounds are electromagnetic bridges or channels between the chemical components. The energy level of participants in the reaction determines how strong the reaction could be. The quantum computer can make extremely accurate calculations about those reactions.

 However, there is a possibility that a similar technology used in quantum computers can also used to adjust the energy level of a single electromagnetic bridge. There could be a possibility that the highly accurate quantum lasers that can operate by using single photons whose energy level is highly accurately adjusted can push the electric bridge called Van der Waals compound into the wanted direction at molecular or even atomic level. 

Those quantum lasers along with scanning photonic microscopes that allow researchers to see single atoms in a molecule make it possible to connect atoms in precisely accurate places in molecules. And that thing makes it possible to create new very complicated molecules. The quantum system can push atoms on very low-energy layers by using photons or low-energy ions that make those atoms and molecules act like billiard balls. The quantum system also can make it possible to pull energy out from certain Van der Waals compounds. 


https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-device-used-to-slow-down-chemical-reaction-by-100-billion-times/?expand_article=1


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_der_Waals_force

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_der_Waals_molecule

Wednesday, August 30, 2023

The new Python profiler increases the power of Python very much.

 The new Python profiler increases the power of Python very much. 


The Python language is an effective but slow programming tool. Python is a very popular tool in network programming. But because it's slow it is problematic in complicated solutions that run on network-based decentralized platforms. Things like AI-based Bing and Chat GPT are making programming very easy, and they can create very complicated solutions in any public and open programming language. However, those programming tools do not remove the limits of the programming language itself. 

In complex and complicated solutions the program is divided into cells. Each of those cells involves different types of information. And each of those cells is responsible for certain reactions. Another reason for cell-based programming is simple. If one of those cells is corrupt that minimizes damage. 

The problem with AI is how it can select the right cell. If AI selects a cell from an interface that controls the physical machines that thing can cause catastrophe if the selected cell is wrong. That means there must be something. That simulates the reaction before the AI makes anything. This means the AI should have layers written with different programming languages. That it can pre-process information before reactions. 



"Researchers from the University of Massachusetts Amherst introduced Scalene, a cutting-edge Python profiler. Unlike traditional profilers, Scalene uses AI to both identify and suggest fixes for code inefficiencies. This development gains significance as the future leans towards better programming for speed improvements". (ScitechDaily.com/Turbocharged Python: AI Accelerates Computing Speed by Thousands of Times)


All of those cells handle one type of situation. And if the system must react fast, that means it needs multi-level programming architecture. The AI-based applications involve extremely complicated and large code structures with even millions or billions of databases and database connections. 

If the AI must go through all that code it takes too long. But if the AI has some kind of profiler that profiles the situations that the AI sees. That helps it to select the right cells from its structure. The faster structure below the Python level makes it possible to pre-select cells. The difference between AI solutions and regular computer programs is that AI is a non-linear tool. It requires the possibility to jump back and forth in the code. 

The faster C++ core under Python makes profiles about situations. That sensor gives it. Then that C++ layer selects the right Python cell. The C++ layer simulates the sensorimotor cortex. And Python layer is like the cerebral cortex. 

So there is a possibility that Python requires some other interface that runs below Python code. That other interface might written by using some other programming language like C++. That is faster than Python. The idea is that the inner code analyzes reactions that the Python interface makes in certain situations. The C++ interface under Python can jump into Python code and pre-select the program modules suitable for a certain situation. 

That kind of faster structure below the Python interface makes the structure look like a brain. The Python structure is like a cerebral cortex, and the C++ layer is like sub-consciousness. The faster C++ can also act as a reflex layer that reacts to fast situations. The Python layer can give observations into that C++ layer, that profiles the situation. And then that faster layer will select the right cell from the Python layer. 

Tuesday, August 29, 2023

Integrated AI is the tool of the next generation.

 Integrated AI is the tool of the next generation. 


Do you know what a kernel is? Kernel is the border computer program that connects hardware to software in computers. The kernel is the code that microchips and other components use when they interact with each other. 

The integrated AI means that the AI is integrated with microchips or their control program. That thing means that the kernel turns into AI. And that could mean that the Chat GPT type program is programmed straight in microchips. 


That allows the computer to program other computers and robots. And that ability makes that kind of combination super hot. 


The Chat GPT is a chatbot. That means it will not control the robots themselves. But that system can create program code that can control robots when they are operating. This ability makes robots flexible and adapts tools because the AI can modify their control codes anytime. That it can adapt to the environment. 

The flexible neuro-network is like brains. The thing, that differs human brains from animals is the number of different skills. Computers are acting like human brains. They store data that they need in records or databases. The system can make it easier to find necessary data records sorting them under certain topics. 

The neural network-based computer architecture works similar way as one computer. That stores data on a hard disk. In neural network-based architectures, the system uses multiple computers and hard drives to store information. In the ideal case, all databases have their own physical devices. That thing makes it possible for the system to be effective. It can share the responses with multiple CPUs in multi-level coordination. 


There are no limits to the neural network's size.


The multi-level coordination is important for physical systems like robots. 


When the system switches on all databases are telling the CPU that handles their operations where that CPU finds them. That data is stored in routers.  There might be multiple CPUs. And each of them has responsibility for one skill area that the robot has. There could be a CPU with certain database connections for emergencies. There is a hierarchy in the CPU network whose purpose is to save the robot if it slips on the floor. 

The artificial reflexes require an integrated- microchip-based database that can help robots react to things like slipping on the floor.  


So the "skills of the left hand" are under one topic. Like in human brains, all information is stored in cells that are databases. In computer-based neural networks, the computer stores all information in databases with the same purpose as memory cells. When the system requires some skills it must first recognize the situation. The computer searches databases that information matches with situations that sensors are telling it. And can give responses for actions that happen around the computer. 

The multi-layer system is the ultimate tool for that kind of system. In a multi-layer system CPU that controls senses is different than the CPU that controls movements. The interconnected database network might be millions of databases in subnetworks. In an ideal situation, each database has its physical processor that interconnects records with each other. 

In a multi-layer system, there must be some kind of artificial reflexes. When a robot slips on the floor there must be data that the robot can use immediately when it sees that the acceleration sensors of the robot are out of balance. That data that makes the robot put a hand to stop falling is easy to store straight in the microchips. 

When the system requires some information or code it must find the right databases. If the computer must search all databases one by one that takes time. So there must be a better mode. 

In the active model, each database will report for the CPU (Central Processing Unit) that it's ready. During that process database can tell that "I'm database 3 that controls left-hand movements, and the CPU can find me behind connection number 3". 

That thing makes routers route data between the CPU and the left-hand's database. In network-based systems, there might be thousands of databases. In each database are thousands of records. There is a possibility that every database has its central processing unit that can search the right records. And then those databases can interconnected. 


Monday, August 28, 2023

Does an electron have poles?

  Does an electron have poles? 


The quantum entangled electrons created a quantum magnet or triplon. That quasiparticle caused an idea about the question: Is there some kind of asymmetry in the electron's poles? Electron is a negative particle, which has multiple negative poles. That thing causes spin 1/2 that is common for one, or monopolar fermions. Because an electron has multiple poles that deny its full rotation. 





Artistic illustration depicts magnetic excitations of cobalt-phthalocyanine molecules, where entangled electrons propagate into triplons. Credit: Jose Lado/Aalto University (ScitechDaily.com/Tricky Triplons: Scientists Create Artificial Quantum Magnet With Quasiparticles Made of Entangled Electrons)





"A single point in space can rotate continuously without becoming tangled. Notice that after a 360-degree rotation, the spiral flips between clockwise and counterclockwise orientations. It returns to its original configuration after spinning a full 720°." (Wikipedia/Spin)


The electron's spin.  When an electron wobbles back from the up position it releases the photon.  An electron is a monopolar particle that denies the full spin. It is still possible that the electron has weak electromagnetic  N/S polarity. 

But if we think that there is some kind of asymmetry in the number of those poles, we might think that the electron may have weak double polarity. So in that model electron has N and S poles, but another of those poles is extremely weak. That thing makes it possible to make those quantum magnets. 

Or it explains why those quantum magnets do not fly away because of electromagnetic repel. The question is the quantum magnet form because there are N/S poles in the quantum field that surrounds the electron pair, or is its source in those electrons? However, the asymmetry of the number of the electron's poles on both sides of its wobbling axle makes it possible to connect electrons. 

The triplon forms when there is a weaker point or pothole in the quantum entangled electron pair's quantum field. That pothole pulls the entirety that is two electrons and their quantum field to the point where researchers want to put it. This quasiparticle has multiple uses and it can revolutionize quantum computing and quantum information technology, as I wrote sometimes before. 


https://scitechdaily.com/tricky-triplons-scientists-create-artificial-quantum-magnet-with-quasiparticles-made-of-entangled-electrons/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_(physics)

Creative people are less bored than others.

 Creative people are less bored than others. 


Social media, social networks, and neural networks are parts of the same thing. Computer and Internet-based social networks are not separate from the real world. If we verbally hurt somebody in an online game situation that person is very sad. Social media is part of our social network and everything that we say in that digital and virtual world reflects our physical world. 

Creative people always do something. They think and things like painting, writing, and other kinds of things give them something to do even in cold and dark autumn evenings. Creative thinking gives those people one thing, that is strange to others. That thing makes creative people find interesting things also in times when there is not very much to do. 

And when a creative person sees something, that thing causes a reaction where those people must just tell something to others. Creative and innovative person is not always the same thing. Creative people can make things like paintings or write essays. But innovative people can turn those things into real products. When we think about things like social media, we must remember that social media itself doesn't cause depression. 

The wrong type of mates and the wrong type of self-expression can cause negative feedback. And if negative feedback is very strong. That thing can cause very bad feelings. When we think about things like depression and problems social media is similar to any other social network. 



The social networks are groups of people. Social media is a media-based application that allows people to communicate with each other. But we must realize that every face in our digital social network is a real person. We can hurt those people very badly. If we write some "little things" about those people. And that can destroy our social network. 

Today mobile applications make social media augmented part of our lives. When we think about environmental connections with social media that thing can decrease energy use and decrease carbon dioxide emissions. If people are not using things like motor vehicles for meetings they use social media for making deals without physical meetings. 

But otherwise, servers require energy. One version of a decrease in addiction from the central energy production units is own energy production. Things like geothermal energy and solar panels are effective systems for guaranteeing the energy supply for servers. 

We can do bad things as well on physical or social networks. When we were young there was no social network. And in that time people made mistakes in self-expression in bars and other social situations. One thoughtless thing like "one salute" could also destroy a person's physical relationships. That happened 30 years ago, the same way it happens today. 

We should stop thinking the social media as a separate thing. We should think of social media as one type of social network. Or maybe social media is an expansion of our real-world relations. And we should think of social media as augmented media in our everyday actions. If we don't think about what we say or write, that thing can cause reflection in our physical life. 


https://scitechdaily.com/new-study-reveals-how-creativity-can-save-you-from-boredom/


https://scitechdaily.com/popular-myth-debunked-social-media-does-not-cause-depression/



Precise answers require precise information. 


Chat GPT should beat people in math. The fact is that the Chat GPT should be an ultimate tool in things like math. Math is always simple. There are certain formulas. And Chat GPT must just find those formulas. That it can position certain values in certain points of the mathematical formula. Without certain orders the Chat GPT is helpless. 

If orders are not certain that means the ability to handle precise information doesn't mean a thing. Without precise, clear, and accurate information. Even the AI cannot make a thing. The AI is very good if it can use existing formulas. But if the AI must make something new it's in trouble. The AI can connect existing information. 

But Chat GPT falls from math and economics students. The reason for that is that the Chat GPT is not very good for creating new things. If Chat GPT must find values from text and find a needed formula from the net that thing puts Chat GPT in a position where it is not meant. 

If we want to put Chat GPT to make some calculations we should say the name of the needed formula. Then the Chat GPT must have the catalogue where the necessary values are. If Chat GPT must find the data itself by using some verbal task that is not mentioned, what is the right formula that makes a problem for Chat GPT? Chat GPT is best for analyzing certain and precise data.


https://interestingengineering.com/science/chatgpt-falls-short-of-students-in-math-and-economics

Can we someday replace the Haber process, (also called the Haber-Bosch process) as an ammonia source by using nano- and biotechnology?

Can we someday replace the Haber process, (also called the Haber-Bosch process) as an ammonia source by using nano- and biotechnology? 

Haber-Bosch synthesis is the prime method for making ammonia. Ammonia is the primary nitrogen source for plants. The problem with the Haber-Bosch process is that it requires lots of energy. Another problem is that ammonia is a poisonous gas. 

Biotechnology can maybe replace Haber-Bosch process.  There is a possibility that nitrogen-fixing bacteria can released to the ground before farms will sow corn. The other version is that the nitrogen-fixing bacterium (Diatzotoph) can connect to the plant's roots by using small nanotechnical robots. Those robots will transport the hollow "pearls" where those nitrogen-fixed bacteria live to the roots of those plants. 

The nitrogen-fixing bacterium can isolate nitrogen straight from the air. That means the pearls where those nitrogen-fixing bacterium live may connect to the plant's roots. Then small tubes will conduct nitrogen to those bacteria cultures that deliver nitrogen compounds to those plants. 

Ammonia molecule


"Schematic representation of the nitrogen cycle. Abiotic nitrogen fixation has been omitted". (Wikipedia/Nitrogen fixation)

Normally, those nitrogen-fixer bacteria live in clover's and pea's roots. It's possible to create cell cultures for those bacteria. And then those cell cultures can dig into the plantage. There is a possibility that those bacteria are put under the plants. And they deliver nitrogen compounds into the mold. 

The idea for that biotechnology is taken from the spacecraft's nutrient solution. People who travel between planets require plants for food. And things like fertilizers require space in those spacecraft. There is the possibility that nanotubes will transport nitrogen to the bacteria cultures that are like pearls. 

Those bacteria cultures can connect with those plant's roots and then the system drives nutrients and water to those plants. The bacteria isolates nitrogen from that gas and then the system delivers that thing to plants where those small cell cultures are connected. 


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diazotroph

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haber_process

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_fixation



Sunday, August 27, 2023

Everything in us is in our DNA.

 Everything in us is in our DNA. 


When we think about the topology of the DNA and its connections with climate and environment we must realize that our bodies and our cells cannot match with all types of environment. Things like chemical environment and animal poisons can also affect things which skin color is the best. If animals like snakes are creating white poison, the black skin is better. But if the major toxic agent is black that thing is easier to see from white skin. Also, things like blood leaks are better visible on blond skin. 

Genetic adaptation makes African people black because dark pigment protects cells against sunlight. But why do northern people have white skin? The reason for that is in the environment, at spring the snow and sun create scattering light and the dark skin cannot protect cells against powerful UV light. And also dark skin can cause situations. 

Where cells are overheating in changes of temperature. In cold weather, people must protect themselves against the environment by using strong clothes. When we are looking at images of people around the world people who live in stable temperatures have black skin. 



"Just as different terrains on Earth foster distinct ecosystems, certain topographic features in the genome seem to provide an environment for specific mutations to thrive. Credit: Laura Rodríguez Porras" (ScitechDaily.com/Unexpected Findings: Researchers Uncover Connection Between Human Genome Topography and Cancer Mutations)


But people like Beduins and Europeans have blonder skin than people who live in stable temperatures. The temperature changes very much during the 24 hours. And if the skin is black. The temperature can rise in cells very fast. And it can cause damage. The white skin is better in the case where cells must let radiation travel through it to stabilize temperature in them. But white skin lets UV radiation travel the DNA. That means there is no perfect skin or perfect genomes.

The same thing that can make people adapt to certain environments is the risk in another environment. There are also many other things than just radiation that can cause cancer and affect the ability to survive. The cancer is not the only thing that the wrong genome can cause. Genetic disorders can deny the ability to get descendants. Or it can cause the situation that the creature cannot find food. Whenever a life circle is changed that thing forms a mark in the DNA. 

Skin color is the most visible example of genetic adaptation. But things like the ability to produce red blood cells are the things that are necessary for people who live in high areas. That thing causes problems with cancer, because if cells are splitting too often. There is the possibility that a person gets leukemia because of endemic carcinogens stress. Whenever a cell divides it has a higher risk of getting a mutation. 

https://scitechdaily.com/unexpected-findings-researchers-uncover-connection-between-human-genome-topography-and-cancer-mutations/?expand_article=1

Chat GPT outperforms university students as text producers.

Chat GPT outperforms university students as text producers. 


The Chat GPT is a very good tool. It outperforms many things and the next-generation coders and other workers might only advise to Chat GPT or some of its successors and the AI makes the calculations and codes for the person who uses it. So maybe Chat GPT is the end of the era of coders or analysts. 

When we think about students, they have to learn to work with the newest possible tools. The business and military environments require flexibility and effective tools. The purpose of studies is to give a person the capacity to operate in real-life business and technical environments. Nobody sits in school forever. 

We know that some students are cheating. But those students cheat anyway. That means the Chat GPT is a system that requires an honest attitude. Students are cheated throughout history. The most common way to cheat in studies is to hire some other person to do their work. And that means the AI just gives that possibility to people who have no money and relationships that make essays for those students. 




The Chat GPT and other similar algorithms are a challenge. But people must just respond to that challenge. They must learn to use those new programs because they are necessary tools. The Chat GPT and other similar applications can already used for making military systems. And Ukrainian army uses those applications for the R&D of their equipment. 

Who work with mechanical areas in computers and especially programming technology. When we are talking about the end of coders we are talking about the end of the era of low-paid one-time-used workers. The Chat GPT and its "family algorithms" like Bing are tools that are making prima-code very fast. And that's why they are the ultimate tools for programming. 

When we think about AI and its abilities we must remember that only imagination is limited. The fact is that AI is the tool that will turn everything around. It's a game changer in business, engineering, and war. The AI-based metaverse applications have many possibilities that even their developers cannot predict. Maybe in the future, we will live in a metaverse that interconnects multiple physical and virtual systems into one entirety. 

The 3D printer systems that can connect with AI can make everything. There is a possibility that the metaverse is a matrix where people can use virtual characters or they can use physical robots as external bodies. Those external robot bodies can turn all vehicles and aircraft into robot systems. 

The BCI systems can make it possible for people can see things like animals see them. The BCI can transmit things that things like birds are seeing. And that thing can turn every single animal into a biosensor or biorobot that can be used in many missions in scientific, law enforcement, and military areas. The thing is that the metaverse along with BCI means that people can live in the virtual world. Architects can see what their house looks like in real places. Aircraft and car designers can give instructions for AI. And that thing makes models by following those instructions. 

The AI-based design tool makes it possible for people can make customized cars and other vehicles by using simple design tools. If we interconnect that design tool with a 3D printer system that follows orders and makes it possible to create customized vehicles and other merchandise for customers. 

The metaverse allows customers to see the product in the natural environment. The vacuum technology where that printer operates allows them to create high-class, high-temperature products. Also, new carbon fiber- chromium-steel composites are making the new hardness to those materials that the high-temperature 3D systems can use. 

And of course, people say that AI and combat robots are not humanitary weapons. The fact is anyway, the purpose of the military is to be effective. Without killer drones, Ukraine would fall. The thing is that those killer robots are effective tools for non-humane purposes. And war is a non-human action. But if the nation wants to defend itself it must have effective military forces. 


https://scitechdaily.com/new-study-chatgpt-outperforms-university-students-in-writing/


Terahertz radiation and acoustic beams can offer fundamental communication tools.

 Terahertz radiation and acoustic beams can offer fundamental communication tools. 


Terahertz radiation is key to fundamental communication. 


Things like ECM (Electronic Counter-Measure)-systems can be used to disturb. And even deny radio frequency-based communication. This is the reason why researchers are investigating replacements for radio-based communication. Also, things like solar wind affect high-speed radio communication. 

Also, the plasma field can deny entire radio communication. This is the reason why researchers are seeking a replacement for radio waves. The optical and acoustic systems are less vulnerable to plasma-based countermeasures. 

The is two different type of systems that can transmit data through air with very high accuracy. The first system uses terahertz lasers for data transmission. The terahertz-laser communication base technology connects terahertz sensors and terahertz lasers. The terahertz laser can send information through walls. 

We know that terahertz scanners see through walls. But communication tools can use that radiation. The reason why we use radio frequencies for communication is that radio waves can travel through the walls. Terahertz laser can also transmit information through the wall without causing damage. 

And the very highly accurate data transmission makes it very hard to steal data from that beam. In some systems, the laser ray that transports information is inside another hollow laser ray. The hollow laser ray denies outside sensors to see information transporter laser. 

That makes it almost impossible to steal information from the laser ray. And the receiver sees if something cuts the protecting laser ray. 



The acoustic very accurate communication systems are also less vulnerable to EM-based jamming. The system uses LRAD (Long Range Acoustic Device) for binary data communication. 

The solution for the binary system's zero-problem where the system must separate breaks between "zeros". From a situation where the system shuts down. 

In regular binary computing systems break means "empty" or "zero" 0. And when electricity is on that means "one" 1. The "zero" is a problem in binary computing because that empty break can mean that the operator turns off electricity.  

There is the possibility to make the data handling process more effective by replacing "zero" with some other frequency. In that case, infrasound can mean zero and ultrasound can mean one. This thing makes changes between one and zero more effective. And the breaks between infrasound signals can separate "zeros" from each other. 

In so-called coherent acoustic wave communication:


Infrasound can mean 0 (zero)

Ultrasound can mean 1 (one). 

The acoustic data transportation systems can have high-speed communication capacity. Sending data through the air by using acoustic beams can be very fast. In binary communication, the acoustic system can use two frequencies. 

The infrasound can be 0, and the ultrasound can be zero. That thing means that the system replaces pause which means 0 or "empty" by using a certain frequency. And in our example systems, the infrasound replaced "empty" or 0. And ultrasound means 1 (one). 

Acoustic systems are also promising tools to transport information through air. The acoustic data communication systems use acoustic beams that LRAD systems are making. The acoustic "lasers" are very accurate systems that also can transport data. 

Those systems can operate in ultra- and infrasound areas. So normally people do not hear them. Those LRAD systems can targeted to microphones at the roof level, and a very high-accurate acoustic beam makes it possible that the high-accurate acoustic beam doesn't disturb people and things dogs. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-range_acoustic_device


Saturday, August 26, 2023

The neuron densities in the cortex area follow a consistent distribution pattern.

 The neuron densities in the cortex area follow a consistent distribution pattern.

The consistent distribution pattern, or Gaussian pattern, is the key element of modern mathematics. The consistent distribution model of neuron distribution in the cortex determines everything our brain can do. The cortex is the key element in productive thinking. And the distribution of cell types determines what our cortex can do. Some skills that neurons have are determined by their genomes.

Researchers have noticed that fruit flies have extraordinary numerical abilities. That thing means that the DNA determines what skills neurons have. All neurons are not similar. And when we are learning something, we transport that information to our neurons.

But then all of us realized that we don't learn all skills in the same way. Some of us learn math easily, but things like languages are harder to learn. And that means we are learning things differently. That thing causes the idea that we can teach any skill to our neurons, but some neurons receive some skills more easily than others. 


"Neuron densities in cortical areas in the mammalian brain follow a consistent distribution pattern. This finding that has profound implications for brain modeling and the development of brain-inspired technologies. Credit: Morales-Gregorio" (ScitechDaily/Mind-Blown: Mathematical Rule Discovered Behind the Distribution of Neurons in Our Brains)



What if we have only one neuron type in our cortex? What if we only have "math neurons" or musical neurons in our cortex? Could that thing cause the phenomenon called "savant"? 


That means some neurons are "math neurons" because they receive mathematical information better than others. Some neurons are "musical neurons" because they learn or receive information that is required for music. 

If we think that we have math neurons, linguistic neurons, and drawing neurons, we might uncover the mystery of the Savant. What if a person has only math neurons? Or what if we only have musical neurons? 

Neuron-type distribution in the cortex might uncover things like autism and savants. A savant is a person who is very good in a very narrow skill area, like math or drawing. But otherwise, those people might have no other skills at all. That leads to the idea that maybe the reason for Savant is that there is only one kind of neuron in the cortex. In that case, extraordinary distribution in neuron types causes a situation where a person has one extraordinary but very narrow skill. 


https://scitechdaily.com/does-a-childs-math-skills-have-a-genetic-basis/


https://scitechdaily.com/mind-blown-mathematical-rule-discovered-behind-the-distribution-of-neurons-in-our-brains/?expand_article=1


https://scitechdaily.com/perceiving-quantities-fruit-flies-astonishing-numerical-abilities/



The gravitational engines and the technology of the future

  The gravitational engines and the technology of the future


Ion and gravitational engines are the technologies of the future. The esoteric ion engine is the system that creates things like anion clouds near the craft. That anion cloud pulls the craft to them. That thing requires a situation where the craft, which can be some kind of airship, is equipped with a stick magnet. The system shoots anions or ions near that craft. And then the magnet turns its N or S pole toward those ions. The idea is that those ions pull the craft to them.

In some visions, things like extremely low-energy particles can be used to make crafts to travel to them. The idea is that the low-energy particles make the gas and energy flow to them. And that movement pulls the craft toward those low-energy particles.


The gravitational engine


The weaker point in the Earth's gravitational field at the Indian Ocean is interesting because the same phenomenon that is behind that weaker gravitational area can exist stronger near black holes. The same thing that makes the gravitational field weaker in that area can make it stronger in areas with stronger gravitational fields. And maybe the same phenomenon that makes the weaker point in Earth's gravitational field can make a hole in the black hole's gravitational field.

Some Indian researchers think that this weaker gravitational spot forms when the Indian tectonic plate impacts other tectonic plates. If that effect can form rising gravitational waves, that can neutralize some other gravitational waves. Or maybe those impacting tectonic plates create a situation where gravitational waves are traveling in the opposite direction than they usually do. 

If there is some heavier bubble in the mantle, that thing forms the second gravitational center in magma. So maybe there is a bubble or island of heavy elements in the mantle. That thing can send gravitational waves that impact other gravitational waves. And make the gravitational field weaker at that point. 

There is a possibility that the gravitational waves that come from space are impacting harder than the gravitational waves that Earth sends. The origin of the gravitational hole in the Indian Ocean is a mystery. Many suggestions can cause this effect. There is a possibility that a gravity hole causes the whirl of ocean currents. 



In the esoteric gravitational engine model, the system makes a gravitational pothole in the direction where the craft will move. And that pothole pulls craft in that pothole. That system's base is that it uses assymterical gravitational field where one point is deeper to transport crafts to direction of that deeper gravitational pothole. 



Geoid undulation in false color. (International Centre for Global Earth Models/Wikimedia, CC BY 4.0) (ScienceAlert.com/There's a Giant Gravity Hole In The Indian Ocean, And We May Finally Know Why)

There is one interesting hypothesis concerning the weaker gravitational spot in the Indian Ocean. 

The weaker gravity spot in the Indian Ocean can form when some geoid aims gravitational waves In an anomalous direction. That thing can cause a hole in the Earth's gravitational waves. There is the possibility that this point could be the gravitational pole of Earth. In that model, gravitational waves that travel away from Earth form a beam or gravitational lightning that pushes the gravitational underpressure area around that channel. That gravitational lightning could be graviton flow. In that case, there is a similar gravitational phenomenon near magnetic poles, where magnetic fields form pikes that go far away from regular magnetic fields. There is a possibility that gravity also can form similar structures. 




The gravitational engine can have two possible ways to manipulate gravity. The first one is to make a weaker gravitational spot on the point of the craft. And then the system must control the form of the gravitational hill. The stronger gravitational field pulls the craft in the direction where the gravitational pothole is closest. The gravitational pothole has a stronger gravitational field.

The binary stars gave the impression of a gravitational engine. That is one of the most interesting aspects of so-called futuristic space technology. The idea is that the system creates a gravitational pothole near the spacecraft. And if that gravitational pothole is deeper than a pothole, that craft makes that gravitational pothole pull that craft into it. 

That kind of extremely futuristic engine doesn't require the ability to make black holes. The system must just increase the mass of the proton or electron cloud by shooting radiation at those particles. The system uses a model where impacting energy will increase the mass of the particles. And that phenomenon can be used to create gravitational potholes around the craft.


https://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/there-is-a-gravity-hole-in-the-indian-ocean-and-scientists-now-think-they-know-why/1564099


https://www.sciencealert.com/theres-a-giant-gravity-hole-in-the-indian-ocean-and-we-may-finally-know-why


The ability to make single photons is vital for quantum computers.

The ability to make single photons is vital for quantum computers.


Controlling complex systems requires that system operators have complete knowledge of the system and its interactions.

The problem with error correlation in quantum computers is that the qubits and quantum systems are much more sensitive to outside effects than binary computers. The other problem is that the anomaly that causes a calculation error can also happen during the second calculation. Things like gravity waves are global anomalies that affect all quantum computers. And that thing means that all quantum computers can calculate wrong at the same moment.

The big problem is also that quantum computers are the only things that can check and find errors in another quantum computer's solutions. Binary computers make the same 45-year calculations that quantum computers can make in seconds. And that thing means that outside things like torrents of gravity waves can destroy all the results that the Quantum systems produce. And the problem is that those outside effects can cause anomalous functions in all quantum computers in the world.

Things like changes in the gravity fields on Earth can also affect qubits. And that means the portable quantum systems might need information about the gravity field's strength so those quantum systems can calibrate themselves.




"Los Alamos National Laboratory scientists developed a new method for producing circularly polarized single photons, paving the way for advancements in quantum communication and a potential ultra-secure quantum internet. Credit: Los Alamos National Laboratory" (ScitechDaily.com/Quantum Illumination: Advanced Device Generates Single Photons and Encodes Information) 

The system can make bubbles in quantum fields or qauntum layers using photons. Those things can help to transport information between superpositioned and entangled photons and electron switches.



"Artistic illustration depicts magnetic excitations of cobalt-phthalocyanine molecules, where entangled electrons propagate into triplons. Credit: Jose Lado/Aalto University" (ScitechDaily.com/Tricky Triplons: Scientists Create Artificial Quantum Magnet With Quasiparticles Made of Entangled Electrons)


The next-generation quantum computers require very good, and very accurate ability to control multi-state and multi-layer systems.

The next-generation quantum computers can use multiple multi-state qubits. Those qubits can be networks of triplons. And systems that can create photon pairs. The photons are between those electrons in quantum magnets, called quantum triplons. And that system can make more powerful and portable quantum computers possible. The network of superpositioned photons and electrons is extremely difficult to handle. The system must have the ability to create single photons that it can put between those electrons.

And then information must be transported from those electron pairs to the sender photon, which is in quantum entanglement and superpositioned on the receiving side. The ability to make photons interact with wave movement makes it possible to stop photons at the precise point between electrons. Then the system must drive energy to that photon so that it can create superposition and quantum entanglement with some other photon.

Then the energy level of the transmitter side of the quantum entanglement will rise higher than that of the receiving side. And the system can start to drive information into that system. The receiving part just pulls energy away from the receiving side. The key element in quantum systems is that the transmitting or active side in superposition must be at a higher level.

If superpositioned and entangled particles are at the same energy level, standing waves between those particles push them away. The electron pairs can transmit energy away from the receiving side, which helps to keep the difference in energy levels in superpositioned and entangled particles.

The ability to create lots of single photons allows the system to replace photons that flew away when the quantum entanglement reached the same level. The network-based, ultra-small systems are extremely complicated to handle. The system might have multiple quantum states, like photon and radio wave states. The system must know precisely the energy level of the qubits before they can transport information.

Things like gravitational waves and even differences in Earth's gravitational field make it possible that there are differences between real and calculated values in qubits. That thing destroys the information that the qubit should transport because the receiving system doesn't know at what level or state the system loads the information.

The quantum computer is 45 years faster than any binary computer. That is both the biggest opportunity and the biggest weakness in quantum computing. Only another quantum computer can check the calculations that those extremely powerful systems can make. Of course, it is possible to perform the calculation twice. However, the problem is that there could be some anomaly that cannot be predicted during the second calculation. Things like gravitational waves that can shake the qubits are collective anomalies. They affect all Quantum computers at the same time.


https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-illumination-advanced-device-generates-single-photons-and-encodes-information/?expand_article=1

https://scitechdaily.com/tricky-triplons-scientists-create-artificial-quantum-magnet-with-quasiparticles-made-of-entangled-electrons/?expand_article=1


https://technologyandfuture4.wordpress.com/2023/08/26/the-ability-to-make-single-photons-is-vital-for-quantum-computers/


Friday, August 18, 2023

The MIT researchers controlled quantum randomness.

 



The quantum randomness means that the system status is not preordered before measurement. And the problem with that thing is that measurement requires energy from the system. So every time we try to measure the system, we affect its status. We don't know the system status before measurement. And that makes this thing problematic. Quantum computing requires precise and full knowledge of the system. Because if there is some kind of random actor that affects qubits,

The base of the qubit is in superposition with an elementary particle. When we think about quantum technology, that means there are dents in the elementary particle or its quantum field. The spin means that there is a possibility that the position of those dents is very hard to predict. And the quantum systems require full control of the qubits. If the system can control the positions of those small dents or potholes.

The other thing is that we cannot measure the depth of those quantum potholes before measurement. If the system can control quantum randomness, that is a great moment for quantum computers. Controlling the system before measurements can be made is done by pumping a certain number of photons that are at a certain energy level into the system.

The system will spit extra energy away when energy stress ends. The problem is that those photons must have the same energy load or energy level as the photon that is sent to the system. So that allows us to create sensors that pump single photons into the system.


When the system uses measurements, it sends photons to the system. Then that system releases its extra energy back to the sender. And if the environment is stable, that extra energy has the same level as the energy that is pumped into the targeted system.

The system releases the number of photons that match the sum of the energy of all photons pumped into the system. If conditions are stable, the system releases the energy that is pumped into it. And that makes it easier to control the information that the system delivers. That thing can also make measurements where it is possible to measure the energy that travels through the measurement tool. And that thing is the key to the next-generation quantum systems.

Basically, one of the things that we must realize is that the qubit must be fully controlled so that there is some kind of benefit from it. Control means measurement. Without measurements, the system doesn't know. What is the energy level of the qubits? And when data transportation into the qubit starts, the system must know the energy level at the moment when it transports data to the system.


https://phys.org/news/2023-08-quantum-sensors-paving-technologies.html

https://thedebrief.org/impossible-science-mit-scientists-successfully-demonstrate-first-ever-control-over-quantum-randomness/

Sunday, August 13, 2023

What is the nature of dark matter?


Gravitation may interact through dark matter. And that means dark matter or its hypothetical particle WIMP (Weakly Interacting Massive Particle) is the connector between gravitation and visible material. 

We can think that all objects act similarly when they travel through space. When a high-speed object travels in gas, it forms a low-pressure cone behind it. In the same way, when a particle travels in spacetime, there is a similar low-pressure quantum vacuum behind it. 

When particles or objects travel in spacetime. There is always a low-pressure channel behind them. If we think that the gravitational center pulls objects very hard into it through gravitational strings, there is also another quantum cone behind that particle. The graviton that could be an extremely small particle doesn't make exceptions with this thing. 

Graviton itself may be WIMP or the WIMP is the next particle between graviton and maybe gluon. The thing is that WIMP could be the gate to the fourth dimension or energy level, where a particle loses its ability to interact with three-dimensional particles. 



The size of the gravitational string is very small. So there is a model that thing the gravitational string pulls in it is WIMP (Weakly Interacting Massive Particle), or hypothetical dark matter particle. And then the visible material particle follows that dark matter particle in its quantum low-pressure cone. 

When the gravitation is strong enough, the cone behind the object stops it. That freezing happens at the speed of light. So what is the direction in which particles travel? That depends on the symmetry of those low-pressure cones. If those cones are symmetrical or have the same strength, particles cannot move and that field traps them. 

The light cone could also introduce a situation where particles reach the speed of light. The energy that pushes the particle has the same strength as the energy that pushes the particle back. So those energy cones have the same strength. 

So how gravitation can break this model? The idea is that gravitation pulls other particles to the cone behind the particle that falls into the black hole. In that model, the other particles and radiation that come behind the particle mash it through the event horizon. 



The idea is this: gravitation interacts through dark matter. The number of those gravitational strings determines the power of the gravitational field. And in that model gravitons forming in dark matter impacts in the middle of gravitational centers. Maybe the Euclid mission can prove this thing. 

The idea is that gravitation interacts through strings that form behind gravitons. The surface area of those strings where there is an electromagnetic or quantum vacuum is so small that interaction can be seen only in the smallest parts of atoms. When the speed of the particle is high enough, the cone behind it pulls it back. And at the speed of light, the cone behind the particle pulls it back so strongly that it cannot accelerate anymore.

So if we think that gravitation is interacting with dark matter, we might make a model of a graviton. The idea is this: in the center of all gravitational centers is a point where dark matter particles (weakly interacting massive particles, WIMPs) impact.

When a graviton, or hypothetical gravitational transporter, travels out from the gravitational center, it forms the hollow quantum string behind it. That string interacts with dark matter. The idea is that WIMP is a small particle with a large quantum power field. The power field causes small energy asymmetries in particles.

And then they fall into the gravitational field, which is a group of hollow strings. Those strings are like tubes where there is quantum or electromagnetic low pressure. When visible matter starts to fall into those stirrings, that matter acts like a plug. There is low electromagnetic pressure in that string that pulls particles to the gravitational center.


Dark matter annihilation happens in all gravitational centers. The strength of that phenomenon depends on the strength of gravitation. And the number of gravitational stríngs determines the power of gravitation. 


There are two ways this could happen.


1) The WIMP travels at the front of the particle. That means the graviton channel pulls WIMP into the gravitational center. And visible material particles are traveling behind the WIMP and its quantum low-pressure channel.

2) The WIMPs impact visible particles in the quantum field opposite the gravitational center. That causes energy asymmetries where electromagnetic low-pressure forms on the particle's front side. That thing could explain the gravitational interaction.


The particle where WIMPs touch could be a gluon or a string between gluons and quarks.


Dark matter's annihilation forms gravitons. So graviton is the particle that is the result of those dark matter impacts. The idea is that when WIMPs impact, they send graviton particles around those impacts. When hypothetical gravitons travel through spacetime there is a quantum tunnel behind them. That tunnel or string pulls those particles back into the gravitational center. Even if gravitons are small particles they still interact like all other particles. 

When the graviton starts to fall, it takes WIMP particles with it. The WIMP is such a small particle that its interaction is hard to notice, and maybe that interaction where gravitons, as well as WIMPs, interact with visible matter is the gluon or string between gluons and quarks. The WIMP interacts like a hook that pulls the smallest parts of matter into the middle of the gravitational centers.


https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/shining-a-light-on-dark-matter

https://phys.org/news/2023-08-astronomers-dark-annihilation-center-earth.html

https://profmattstrassler.com/articles-and-posts/relativity-space-astronomy-and-cosmology/dark-matter/dark-matter-annihilation/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modified_Newtonian_dynamics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle

Image 2) https://profmattstrassler.com/articles-and-posts/relativity-space-astronomy-and-cosmology/dark-matter/dark-matter-annihilation/

Could white holes exist?


Could white holes exist, and why can't we see them? Mathematically, white holes or anti-black holes exist, but they are extremely unstable. The thing is that the white hole might misunderstand some of those visions. A white hole is theoretically the opposite of a black hole. It's the point where the material comes out of the wormhole that is the quantum energy channel through spacetime. The white hole has singularity, as well as black holes, do, but the white hole acts oppositely to black holes.

Time dilation stops time at the point of the white hole. That means we can only see flashes, and then we would travel through that thing in time. So when particles come out of the wormhole, they release their extra energy as a shockwave that we can see as a flash.


"White holes are theoretical cosmic regions that function in an opposite way to black holes. (Image credit: Future/Adam Smith)" (Space.com/Could white holes actually exist?)

(Space.com/Could white holes actually exist?)


The idea of a wormhole is that there is a quantum tornado in space. And there is a quantum vacuum ahead of objects that travel in that "tube". That means all particles, including photons, travel at the same speed in that strange phenomenon called a wormhole or Einstein-Rose bridge. Wormholes follow the principle of quantum entanglement. And information can travel through those energy bridges only if one side is at a higher energy level than the other.

The white hole pushes material away from the hole, and the point where the speed of that material that travels in a wormhole decreases below the speed of light is the point where the wormhole ends. So at that point, the matter again reaches the speed of light. And the thing is that time is also frozen at the point of the white hole.

If we think that time is a river, a white hole is like a stone in that river. A river called time takes all matter with it. And we can see that stone only once. And maybe the flash of the supernova is the moment when a white hole opens in spacetime. And that means we could see that thing only once.

The white hole interacts in a similar way as black holes, and at the point where the speed of matter is the speed of light, time is frozen. Time dilation stops time at that moment. When matter comes out of a white hole, it causes a shockwave that is seen as a flash.

So because time is frozen at the end of a wormhole, we might say that white holes are frozen at a certain point in spacetime. So the white hole is in a stable position, but time travels around it. When we think about white holes from the point of view of an observer who stands in a regular universe, the white hole is just a flash in spacetime. That means a white hole exists, but it exists at a certain point in spacetime.


https://www.space.com/could-white-holes-exist-space-mysteries

Black holes and the fourth dimension

  Black holes and the fourth dimension

There are many stories and hypotheses about the phenomenon called the fourth dimension. We could say that the fourth dimension is just the energy level where material stops interacting with visible material. That means hypothetical dark matter particles or WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive particles) are closer to the fourth dimension than visible particles. And the reason would be that WIMPs are higher energy particles than visible particles. 

In some stories, some kind of granite plate acts like a gate to the fourth dimension. If we want to make a model of this hypothetical material, we might think that it's the quantum material, where quantum-sized black holes. Are trapped in that material.

When somebody comes near that quantum wall, black holes pump energy into that object, and then the rising energy level cuts the connection between those particles and the third dimension. In some models, this material could be silicone or fullerene balls. And then energy will pump into particles trapped in those fullerene balls, and that turns them into quantum-size black holes.



There is a possibility that wormholes can explain ghosts.


In theories, information forms in the future, and then it focuses on the hyperspace of the present. At that point, the information interacts with that hyperspace, and that causes energy impulses through the hyperspace of the present.

Then information starts scattering again, and then it exists but we cannot reach it. There is a possibility that the focus point in the hyperspace of the present can turn longer than usual and form a channel called a wormhole through space and time. Those wormholes are acting like light cables. And they can bring information from the future to the past, or they can bring information from the past to the future.

We know that energy travels to lower levels in quantum systems. The wormhole requires a higher energy level on one side and a lower energy level on the other side to transport information. In the simplified model, a wormhole forms between superpositioned and entangled black holes. And there can be multiple layers in that hypothetical gravitational channel.



In some theories, angels are creatures that live in the fourth dimension. 


When energy travels through the wormhole, it reaches the point where it comes out. That point is called the white hole. That is a hypothetical point where the material that the black hole pulls in is released into the universe. It is possible. That the low-energy area around the wormhole could pull that thing open. So in some models, the black hole is the bubble in the wormhole.

The fact is that the black hole is a wormhole itself. The escape velocity of that object is higher than the speed of light. So the black hole transports information to the past. Aging stops at the speed of light. And if escaping velocity turns higher than the speed of light, that causes a situation where time moves backward.

A black hole can transport information backward in time only when it exists. The vaporization of a black hole begins immediately after it forms. And the existing time for small black holes is not very long.

When that material or information impacts the regular quantum field, it causes the quantum field to reflect that information into the future. The wormhole itself would be a quantum tornado. In wormhole is an electromagnetic vacuum ahead of the particle or object that travels through it. That electromagnetic vacuum pulls particles without resistance or quantum friction, and that makes the object travel through that channel at an extremely high speed.

Wormholes, or Einstein-Rose bridges, are hypothetical but almost proven channels through space and time. As has been written, there are two versions of the wormholes. And both of them allow time travel. When a particle or object travels through an electromagnetic wormhole, the radiation that presses on the object denies its vaporization.

Another version of the wormhole is the gravitational tunnel through space and time. The idea behind the gravitational wormhole is simple. When escape velocity crosses the speed of light, that causes a situation where time travels backward. And that means a black hole can take travelers back in time to the point where it formed.

The energy level of the universe was higher in the past, and forming the wormhole that transmits information into the past requires a situation where two points have opposite energy levels around them. The wormhole always transfers information from the higher energy level to the lower energy level. And if we think that at some point in a supernova explosion, a so-called white hole forms, we might think that the electromagnetic vacuum that forms just before material collapses is the point in spacetime when the white hole opens and material comes out of the wormhole. There is a possibility that things like ghosts are this kind of reflection.


https://www.sciencealert.com/physicists-just-figured-out-how-wormholes-could-enable-time-travel


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_cone


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weakly_interacting_massive_particle



Saturday, August 12, 2023

New observations about binary star systems there are only regular stars show that gravitation breaks at low acceleration.

New observations about binary star systems there are only regular stars show that gravitation breaks at low acceleration.

Does dark matter play a bigger role in gravitation than we thought? Is it possible that gravitation does not interact straight with visible material? In some models, gravitation interacts with dark matter. And dark matter acts medium between gravitation and visible material. 

So could dark matter be the lost fifth fundamental force? Or could dark matter be close to that fifth force? If that model is true the fifth force could be interaction between dark matter particles. 


So the model of the gravitational interaction goes like this. 


Gravitation>>>Dark matter>>>Visible materia. 


And the fifth force could be the interaction between dark matter particles. 

This is one question that MOND (Modified Newtonian Dynamics) can answer. Is it possible that dark matter is the thing that pulls particles into the gravitational center? The idea is not very common, but there is a possibility that gravitation doesn't interact directly with matter. The idea is that dark matter acts as a medium. Gravitation affects dark matter that starts to flow through the visible material. And then that dark matter pulls the visible particles into the gravitational centers.



"Artist’s concept of a collection of pulsars that detect gravitational waves from pairs of orbiting supermassive black holes. Credit: Aurore Simonnet for the NANOGrav Collaboration" (ScitechDaily.com/Evidence That Earth Is Enveloped in Slow-Rolling Sea of Gravitational Waves)


If WIMPs were born in a higher-energy universe, which means before visible matter, time would move differently in those hypothetical particles.


The idea is that WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) are very small particles that extremely large quantum fields surround. There are lots of Wimps, and they form a flow that pulls larger particles with them. We know that there is also dark matter on Earth, but because we cannot see those particles or anything else about that strange gravitational effect, we cannot calculate the mass of visible material on Earth.

If WIMPs are real particles, they could look similar to visible particles, but their shape or size is different from visible material. And one of the reasons for that could be that WIMPs were released at a different moment during the Big Bang than visible material. And if those hypothetical WIMPs formed at a moment when the energy level was higher, that means they formed before visible matter. That means time is different in WIMPs, or they exist at a different time than visible matter.

The black holes are gravitational centers. But Earth is also one of those gravitational centers. It's possible that in the middle of Earth is the point where dark matter particles, or WIMPs, are impacting. There is a possibility that the dark matter impacts also form gravitational waves near Earth. That means there are always gravitational waves around gravitational centers. But around Earth, they are much weaker than around the Sun or black holes.


There is the model that Earth is in the center of slow gravitational waves. And the source of those gravitational waves could be dark matter particles impacting in the middle of the Earth's nucleus. 

Could those colliding dark matter particles or gravitons the hypothetical gravitational transportation particles cause a situation in that gravitation is gone at that point? We know that inside all ball-shaped objects is the point where is no gravitation. The thing that causes this thing could be impacting dark matter particles or gravitons. 

Is it possible that Newton's and Einstein's gravitational models are suitable only in extremely strong gravitational fields? That means we cannot make working gravitational models by using regular objects. Only extreme cases where black holes are turning gravitation-dominating can make Einstein's and Newton's models true. 

Near black holes, gravitation closes other forces inside them. The gravitation presses time and space. connecting all fundamental forces into one entirety.  So standard gravitational models like the Theory of Relativity cannot be used to model weak gravitational fields. And that opens the path to MOND. And that forces us to rethink the gravitational effect.

Gravitation breaks at low acceleration And that supports MOND (Modified Newtonian Dynamics). That forces us to reconsider dark matter and gravitation. In those tests, researchers measured gravitational effects on regular binary stars. And they saw that at low accelerations, gravitation doesn't follow the model that Newton and Einstein calculated. That means there is something that forces us to think about gravitation again.


https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-66407099.amp


https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/binary-stars-prove-modified-gravity/


https://www.livescience.com/dark-matter-may-cause-milky-way-to-glow.html


https://phys.org/news/2023-08-astronomers-dark-annihilation-center-earth.html


https://scitechdaily.com/conclusive-evidence-for-modified-gravity-collapse-of-newtons-and-einsteins-theories-in-low-acceleration/


https://scitechdaily.com/evidence-that-earth-is-enveloped-in-slow-rolling-sea-of-gravitational-waves/


https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/10955


https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/08/10/subatomic-particle-muon-science-research-fifth-force-nature/


https://www.universetoday.com/41878/wimps/


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modified_Newtonian_dynamics


Wednesday, August 9, 2023

There is a possibility that LK-99 couldn't reach superconductivity at room temperature. But it still can be a revolutionary compound.

But that material is very interesting from the point of view of quantum computing. The superconducting material allows information can keep it while it travels in those wires. The LK-99 might not be a superconductor at room temperature. But it can be a game changer in many superconducting areas. 

Uranus' rings are the model for a next-generation generator that orbits the planet. This generator uses superconducting metal wires to harvest energy from the magnetic field. 

In some visions, the planets like Uranus and Earth can surround using superconducting wires. Those superconductors would orbit the planet through its poles and collect energy from its magnetic field. The model of that system is the rings of Uranus. 

There would be three metal wires that rotate or orbits that planet internally in opposite directions. Those extremely thin wires can create energy far away from the sun. That kind of generator can harvest energy from the planet's magnetic fields. 










Pictures 2 and 3: Uranus's rings. Credits: NASA


The LK-99 may not reach superconductivity at room temperature. But it could be the pathfinder in that technology. The problem with superconducting materials is that the only thing. What is needed is to stabilize them and remove oscillation in their structure. When the system decreases temperature. 

That action takes those atoms near to each other. And that thing also decreases the movement and especially oscillation in the material. There is needed more tests to prove that the material is superconducting. The fact is that material must pass four tests to prove its superconducting ability. And LK-99 is not passed a single one yet. But then if we think that someday we reach. 

The superconductivity at room temperature we must realize one thing. There is the possibility that this material requires stable conditions that it could remove oscillation from its structure. And another thing is how to make that material flexible. The problem is that low-temperature superconductors are not very flexible. 

And that limits their use. The problem is that in low temperatures the superconductors turn brittle. When metals turn brittle. That causes problems with oscillation. Oscillation can break the superconducting structure. That is the problem with practical superconducting computers. 

The solution for that problem could be a nanostructure that looks like neckless. But we must realize that there are many other superconductor projects than LK-99. One of them is to use 2D nanomaterial covered with a single-atom layer of copper. Then the system will press that layer with high pressure and decrease its temperature. 

Normally superconductors involve elements like carbon or some other metals like germanium or pure copper. The low temperature makes superconductors very brittle. Changes in temperature or other physical conditions can destroy that material. But if we can someday create room-temperature superconductors that thing can revolutionize computing. And energy production. 


https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/4-critical-tests-lk-99-superconductor/

https://www.forbes.com/sites/arielcohen/2023/08/08/the-lk-99-discovery-may-fail-but-hopes-of-superconductivity-persist/

https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/understanding-the-science-room-temperature-superconductivity-claim-fails-tests-101691519224938.html

https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2023/08/condensed-matter-physics-group-in-prague-czech-completing-lk99-samples.html

https://www.science.org/content/article/short-spectacular-life-viral-room-temperature-superconductivity-claim

https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/energy/2023/08/02/lk-99-and-the-desperation-for-scientific-discovery/74c4f774-317a-11ee-85dd-5c3c97d6acda_story.html

https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/lk-99-superconductor-maybe-a-breakthrough-maybe-not-so-much/ar-AA1eHwSY

Tuesday, August 8, 2023

The new X-ray nanosatellite group will research black holes and neutron stars.


RIKEN sends nanosatellite swarms to space to observe and research the X-ray targets. "The satellite results from a collaboration between Japan's RIKEN research institution, Mitsui Bussan Aerospace, and mission integrator Kongsberg NanoAvionics (NanoAvionics). Those satellites will orbit Earth on LEO (Low Earth Orbiter) (InterestingEngineering/New X-ray nanosatellite to study black holes, neutron stars)

The SpaceX Transporter 9 mission will send those satellites later this year. The name of those satellites is NinjaSat X-ray. And probably in the future, similar satellite swarms with gamma-ray sensors start to orbit our planet. The X-ray nanosatellite groups are interesting tools. 

The group of those small-size satellites can make observations about the X-ray objects around the universe. And they also can open new visions of intensive black hole research. It is possible that in the future. The X- and gamma-ray satellite groups offer similar resolution in those radiation areas as JWST-telescope offers in visible and infrared areas. The information that those satellites collect can connect with JWST data. 




The X- and gamma-ray satellites could search for things like uranium on the ground and asteroids. The system benefits from the radioactive radiation that the uranium or its fission products send. The X-and gamma-ray satellites can also uncover the location of nuclear weapons. The fissile material of those weapons sends X- and gamma-rays. 

Those satellites can see X- or gamma-ray objects from orbital if that radiation is enough strong. The same satellite will not probably observe X- and gamma-rays. And of course, the satellites that follow things like nuclear weapons can observe other wavelengths. So theoretically the satellites can use neutron- or some other radioactive wavelengths. 

At this point, I must say that the ability to see things like nuclear weapons depends on the strength of the radiation that radioactive material sends. The strength of that radiation should be strong enough that it can travel through the atmosphere. And the satellite must see that radiation against the natural background. 

Another thing is that the high-resolution gamma- and X-ray cameras can search things like FOBS (Fractional Orbital Bombardment Systems) or other orbital nuclear weapons. The thing that uncovers orbital nuclear weapons and nuclear reactors is the fission material that is required in nuclear reactors and bombs. 

The plutonium used in fission bombs that detonate the hydrogen bomb's fusion stage sends X- and gamma-rays. And those X-ray satellites can detect this type of radioactive material. In the case of nuclear attacks, those X-ray satellites can detect the warheads benefiting from the X-rays that the fission bomb sends. 


https://nanoavionics.com/news/japans-research-institute-riken-mitsui-bussan-aerospace-and-nanoavionics-collaborate-on-launching-the-ninjasat-x-ray-observatory/


https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/new-x-ray-nanosatellite-to-study-black-holes-neutron-stars

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