What makes the fusion system fail again and again?

"As scientists push toward the first commercial fusion power plant, researchers from the University of Surrey have achieved a major breakthrough in understanding how welded metal joints behave under the intense heat and stress found inside fusion reactors. Their novel microscopic technique reveals internal weaknesses that could compromise safety and longevity, paving the way for smarter designs, more resilient materials, and faster development of clean fusion energy systems. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Fusion Breakthrough: Engineers Uncover Hidden Reactor Weaknesses)

What makes the fusion system fail again and again? Fusion is a well-known way to create clean energy. Stars use fusion. And we know that in the same way, we must only mimic stars to make the fusion reactor that produces more energy than we pump into it. But somehow, the high-temperature plasma is the thing. That is a problem. 

The plasma is a homogenous ionized gas that the magnetic systems push together and then laser systems just shoot those ions together. In the fusion system on Earth, the system must compensate for pressure by rising temperature. The magnets must keep the plasma ring away from the walls of the reactor. If that high-energy plasma touches the reactor's wall it makes a hole in it immediately. 

By using symmetry theory instead of the slower and less reliable conventional methods, researchers have created a shortcut that enables the design of leak-proof magnetic systems 10 times faster.

There are mainly two types of fusion reactors. 

A) Tokamak-type reactors. There a plasma ring orbits in the donut-shaped accelerator. Magnets keep the plasma away from the walls.

B) The ball-shaped reactors like the National Ignition Facility. Those systems mimic stars. 

"Researchers cracked a 70-year-old fusion problem, allowing faster, more accurate reactor designs that could finally make fusion energy viable. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, Scientists Crack 70-Year Fusion Puzzle, Paving Way for Clean Energy)

Scientists have developed a powerful new technique to overcome a major obstacle in nuclear fusion energy: the ability to accurately contain high-energy particles within fusion reactors." (ScitechDaily, Scientists Crack 70-Year Fusion Puzzle, Paving Way for Clean Energy)

The main problem with fusion is the ignition. When fusion starts that flash breaks the plasma. The answer can be symmetrical ignition where laser-accelerated ions will shoot to anion plasma. Or oppositely if the main plasma structure is ion the system sprays anions. The ignition must happen symmetrically at the shell of the plasma. 

And there must be some kind of thermal pump that denies the standing wave from the plasma structure. If we think that the system that we use for energy production is the Tokamak the system can mimic a neutron star or black hole. The plasma ring orbits the magnet and then anions will spay over the ion ring. The energy or particle beam makes energy travel to the middle of the system. And it denies the standing wave formation. By transporting it in the wanted direction. 

The image portrays a black hole and its material disk. But it also could be the model of how plasma orbits the magnetic center in the Tokamak reactor. 

The system might look a little bit like this. The laser-, or, particle beam, or thermal pump transports energy out from the system precisely into the desired direction. The system sends an anion spray over the ion plasma ring. 

When a fusion reactor ignites plasma sends so much energy that magnets cannot control it. So, if we want to know why stars don't detonate when the fusion starts that thing can open the road to the fusion reactors. Stars are also plasma balls. There is something that presses them together when the fusion starts. That thing is gravity, but how can we make the thing, that replaces gravity center on Earth? 

The answer can be the energy transporter the cooler that makes the low-energy point in the middle of the fusion reactor. That makes energy flow to the middle of the system. If the system is a ball-shaped fusion reactor the system can create an anion plasma ball. And then shoot that plasma ball symmetrically using high-energy ions or anions.  

That thing can cause a situation in the fusion reaction that starts at the plasma ball shell. There can be a laser beam. That transports energy out from the center of that plasma ball. That laser or particle beam denies the standing waves from the plasma. But the problem is how to make that thing in Tokamak.

 One version is to make a system that mimics neutron stars and black holes. The plasma ring orbits an extremely strong magnet. Then the system sends the ion or anion spray to that plasma ring. That allows the system to ignite plasma at the outer side of the plasma ring. The ignition must begin symmetrically at the plasma ring. The energy (or particle) beam in the middle of the system, helps to aim the energy flow to the middle of the Tokamak reactor. That kind of system can someday make commercial fusion systems possible. 

https://scitechdaily.com/fusion-breakthrough-engineers-uncover-hidden-reactor-weaknesses/

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-crack-70-year-fusion-puzzle-paving-way-for-clean-energy/