Quantum systems require a new way to think about math.

"IISc physicists discovered that Ramanujan’s classic π-formulas arise naturally in modern theories describing critical phenomena and black holes. The connection suggests his early mathematics may have foreshadowed key structures in today’s high-energy physics. Credit: Stock" (ScitechDaily, Ramanujan’s 100-Year-Old Pi Formula That Hides the Secrets of the Universe)

"A new study reveals that Srinivasa Ramanujan’s century-old formulas for calculating pi unexpectedly emerge within modern theories of critical phenomena, turbulence, and black holes."(ScitechDaily, Ramanujan’s 100-Year-Old Pi Formula That Hides the Secrets of the Universe)

100 years ago, Srinivasa Ramanujan introduced a Pi formula that hides a powerful argument. Pi is a mathematical constant, approximately equal to 3.14159, that is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter. It appears in many formulae across mathematics and physics, and some of these formulae are commonly used. for defining π, to avoid relying on the definition. Of the length of a curve.” Wikipedia, Pi) We know that Pi has a certain value, and we can use that value in mathematical formulae. To use in calculations to determine the area of the circles. 

Pi is also needed. To calculate the volume of things like balls. The ball can be. Determined as a series of circles or rims. So, where is that information needed? What would you do with formulas that can calculate the distance from the ball surface to the layer? That information is useful in the calculations. That is used. For. Calculating the qubit interaction with the receiver. This information is urgent for quantum networking and quantum computing. 

The new quantum systems require new types of calculations. Or those calculations are not. A very new thing. The needed accuracy. The third-degree and higher polynomial functions are very high. The new mathematical formulas must be created. For the quantum systems that require new types of dimensions. And new variables. To make it possible. To simulate quantum systems. For making a complete simulation, the machine requires all information from the system. And the main problem with quantum systems is this. Everything happens in the 3D universe. 

"Choose a point on the circle (blue). You want to map it to a unique point on the straight yellow line. To do this, draw a dashed line between the green point at the top of the circle and your chosen blue point. Then map the blue point to whichever yellow point this dashed line passes through. You can do this for any given point on the circle. (The green point at the top of the circle gets mapped to a special yellow point at infinity.)" (QauntaMagazine, String Theory Inspires a Brilliant, Baffling New Math Proof)

"Unlike in the previous examples, your dashed line sometimes maps two different points on the elliptic curve (blue) to the same point on the yellow line below. You can’t find a map that avoids this, meaning that the elliptic curve has a more complicated set of solutions than the circle or sphere." (QauntaMagazine, String Theory Inspires a Brilliant, Baffling New Math Proof)

A second problem is this. Everything means something in those systems. Things like solar winds, changes in magnetic fields. And other kinds of things. It can have a big effect on systems. There, a superstring travels through a photon. And that turns a photon into a quantum router that shares photonic information into qubits.

Those calculations are needed for models that the systems use for quantum simulations. The millennium problem P=NP (P versus NP) means that checking calculations should be as fast as solving them. Error detection happens. By. Calculating all calculations backward. The problem is in extremely long calculations. If.  The machine uses. Even. Days to calculate some formula. Using backward calculation is a very long process. So if some stage needs more time to check, there should be a problem. But the fact is this. Nobody proved or disproved that problem universally. 

“The P versus NP problem is a major unsolved problem in theoretical computer science. Informally, it asks whether every problem whose solution can be quickly verified can also be quickly solved.”(Wikipedia, P versus NP problem). The idea is that these complex polynomials can be checked by calculating the time. If P=NP. 

Here, "quickly" means an algorithm exists that solves the task and runs in polynomial time (as opposed to, say, exponential time), meaning the task completion time is bounded above by a polynomial function on the size of the input to the algorithm. The general class of questions that some algorithms can answer in polynomial time is "P" or "class P". For some questions, there is no known way to find an answer quickly, but if provided with an answer, it can be verified quickly. The class of questions where an answer can be verified in polynomial time is "NP", standing for "nondeterministic polynomial time” (Wikipedia, P versus NP problem)

The new calculation models give new changes. To solve and check a complex polynomial problem. Things. Like, high-class polynomial functions are new tools. For quantum simulations. New. High-power computers can be used to calculate polynomial functions with new accuracy. This thing requires new accuracy for mathematical constants, like Pi. 

https://www.claymath.org/millennium/p-vs-np/

https://www.quantamagazine.org/string-theory-inspires-a-brilliant-baffling-new-math-proof-20251212/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P_versus_NP_problem

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srinivasa_Ramanujan

The brain uses memory Lego to create new behavioral models.

“Princeton researchers found that a primate’s prefrontal cortex reuses modular “cognitive Legos” to solve related tasks, giving biological brains a flexibility that AI still lacks. The insight could help improve AI systems so they retain old skills while learning new ones. Credit: Adapted by Dan Vahaba (Princeton University), from “Brain Silhouette 2” (Littleolred, CC0 1.0, freesvg.org) and “Lego bricks” (Benjamin D. Esham, CC BY-SA 4.0, Wikimedia Commons).” (ScitechDaily, Your Brain Has a Learning Shortcut AI Can’t Copy)

Behavior is the reaction that we see from the outside. And. When an actor notices something, that something acts as a trigger. The trigger launches. A certain behavioral reaction. When we see our friends, we can say “hi”. Or, when we slip on the ice, we put our hands in a certain position, that protects our head from impact with the ground. This means that. When we see something. Hear something, or feel something that causes a reaction. Does something cause a reaction, and what type of reaction is? That depends on the memory blocks connected to that sense. If. There is no memory connection with sense. That doesn’t launch a reaction that we see as behavior. 

The ability to use complete building blocks to create new behavioral models makes human brains more effective than any AI. The AI cannot mimic that ability. Each memory block is like Lego. And. It gives flexibility and effectiveness. To handle memories. And especially the behavior or reflexes. Those are connected with those memories. 

The idea is that there is so-called macro behavior. Behavior is the thing. That. The memory block activates. The modular structure of memories. And actions. What we see from the outside gives humans incredible flexibility. The macro-behavior is like a puzzle, an entirety that includes multiple smaller bits.  Each macro-behavior module can act as a module for larger-scale macro puzzles. 

This means that the human brain handles behavior like a set of modules, which can connect and reconnect with other modules. If we think that. The human brain includes about 100 billion neurons. And each of them has one memory unit. That means there are 100 billion memory units. That gives very high flexibility and morphing ability. For those. Memory structures. The AI cannot mimic those things because that requires the ability to handle so many memory units simultaneously. 

The ability to create new behavioral modules makes human brains effective. The ability to interconnect those modules is unique. One of the reasons. The reason this thing is so unique is that the neuron is not passive. The neuron knows what kind of data it can handle. So it can tell other neurons. That. It's a neuron that processes signals that come from the eye. This means that the neuron that transmits a signal from the retina can ask the routing for data to the neuron that can handle that vision information. 

This saves energy and time because the signal doesn’t disturb other neurons. The transmitter neuron connects a mark. Like a serial number, to the data packet. This information includes data from the transmitter neuron. And if the route that neurons select is wrong. And the receiver neuron cannot handle that information. It can send that information back to the transmitter. Then the routing neurons can ask where the right receiver is. 

https://scitechdaily.com/your-brain-has-a-learning-shortcut-ai-cant-copy/

Gravitational lensing and twist in the universe’s expansion.

“Timing delays in quasar light bent by massive galaxies offer a fresh way to measure the universe’s expansion, and the results deepen the rift between early- and late-universe estimates. This growing tension may be a clue that something fundamental about cosmic physics is still undiscovered. Credit: SciTechDaily.com” (ScitechDaily, Gravitational Lensing Reveals a Twist in the Universe’s Expansion)

When there is a difference between observations and theoretical models, it means. Something is missing from the model. The missing thing. It might be the fifth force or some other large-scale effect. Like a spinning megastructure. Because the material is not homogeneously spread. Through the universe. That means its effects are not homogeneous. The just-found megastructures are like strings throughout the universe, and they should cause interactions. That slows large areas in the universe. 

Things like previously unknown high-energy reactions can also cause unpredictable effects in the universe. When GRB or CRB injects energy into particles, they will not deliver that energy straight away. They glow or. Deliver energy for a while. 

Those megastructures can also form a maser effect inside them. That means. They will collect energy into those massive structures. Like. Metal tubes do. When a magnetic field forms inside it by rolling an electric wire around that tube. Those megastructures act like all other tubes. But they are far larger. So, they might have a stronger electromagnetic effect than previously thought. 

The previously unknown megastructures can cause a need. To re-estimate cosmological principles. An extremely. A large megastructure. It can have a gravitational effect on large parts. Of the universe. Those spinning megastructures that can close chains of galactic superclusters. Inside them can cause previously unknown interactions in some areas of the universe.  That means the universe’s expansion speed might not be the same everywhere

The universe’s expansion is slowing. Or, is it? The question is about the Hubble constant, which is thought to be 73 km/s per megaparsec (km/s/mpc). But in some new measurements, the Hubble constant is slowing down to 67 km/s/mpc. But there is also a possibility. The expansion of the universe. It is not the same everywhere. This means that. There are masses. That. We don’t know in the universe. If something slows the expansion of the remarkable part of the universe, that thing must be very massive. The thing that slows the expansion can be in the universe. Or, outside the universe. Or something else. The expansion of the universe depends on many things. Like, cosmic voids. 

And the differences between quantum field energy levels. Those things cause energy flows. That can have. An unexpected, powerful effect on the universe’s expansion. If. The effect’s area is large enough. It can have. An effect. On the entire universe. There are observations. The universe’s expansion. This is not in line with a young universe. The reason. For It. It can be that the radiation and temperature in the young universe. It was higher than in the modern universe. But that universe caused a stronger redshift in space around it. 

Nobody expected that. Objects were close to each other, and they caused redshift between each other. We can think. About things. Like merging black holes. Those black holes stretch radiation also between them. In the young universe, the scattering effect was stronger. And this caused the idea that the young universe needed. To have components. That is unknown. Some quite common particles. In the young universe. Exist in the modern universe. In very high-energy areas. Also, those exotic particles existed longer in the young universe. This can cause measurement mistakes. If. We use models. Those were made for the modern universe.

“A montage of eight time-delay gravitational lens systems. There’s an entire galaxy at the center of each image, and the bright points in rings around them are gravitationally lensed images of quasars behind the galaxy. These images are false-color and are composites of data from different telescopes and instruments. Credit: ©2025 TDCOSMO Collaboration et al. CC-BY-ND” (ScitechDaily, Gravitational Lensing Reveals a Twist in the Universe’s Expansion)

It’s possible that the hypothetical fifth force is not a new force. It might be some previously unknown interaction between known natural forces. And, maybe EM-fields. If the model doesn’t fit the system, it means something is missing. 

Gravity and light interact. In the same way, new observations show. Electromagnetic fields can also have. A stronger interaction with light. Than predicted. This means the fifth force might not be some new force. It might be a previously unknown interaction. “Scientists have recently discovered an interaction between an electromagnetic wave and its own magnetic component as it passes through a material, updating a 180-year-old assumption that only accounted for the interaction between light and its electric field.” (Science Alert, A 180-Year Assumption About Light Was Just Proven Wrong)

“This phenomenon, the Faraday effect (FE), was first described in 1845 by Michael Faraday, providing some of the earliest evidence of interaction between magnetism and light waves.”(Science Alert, A 180-Year Assumption About Light Was Just Proven Wrong)

“It describes how a beam of light passing through a transparent material is affected when that material is subjected to a magnetic field. Specifically, this changes the direction of polarization of that light beam.”(Science Alert, A 180-Year Assumption About Light Was Just Proven Wrong)

For a simplified perspective, light can be unpolarized or polarized. When light is unpolarized, its electromagnetic oscillations occur in various directions (perpendicular to its plane of travel).”(Science Alert, A 180-Year Assumption About Light Was Just Proven Wrong)

So can some other interaction. Between photons and light remains unknown. Another thing is that. If some particles travel out from the universe faster than the main material. That means those particles can decay or vaporize throughout the universe. This means that those particles release energy, which pushes the universe or even large megastructures back. 

The light and its interaction with gravity mean that the light. Will not necessarily travel on straight routes. Gravitational lenses bend light. Also, things like string gravitational fields can stretch light. This causes an unexpected redshift. Things like cosmic voids can also cause an effect. The wave movement that travels into those voids can jump back from its center. The universe is full of cosmic voids. That means. Those voids can collect and reflect energy. In the same way. Spinning megastructures.  It can bind energy into them. When those megastructures spin, that spin binds energy. And those megastructures can have a large-scale effect on the universe. The previously unknown structures and interactions can affect things. Like, the Hubble constant. 

https://www.sciencealert.com/a-180-year-assumption-about-light-was-just-proven-wrong

https://scitechdaily.com/astronomers-discover-one-of-the-largest-rotating-structures-ever-seen-in-the-universe/

https://scitechdaily.com/gravitational-lensing-reveals-a-twist-in-the-universes-expansion/

Gravitation and beyond.

“A 1977 theory known as quadratic gravity was long left to languish because of its negative-energy “ghost” particle. But the ghost might not be a deal-breaker after all.” (Quanta, Old ‘Ghost’ Theory of Quantum Gravity Makes a Comeback)

Is it possible that gravitation is not one single force? Or is it possible that dark energy forms dark matter when that energy string travels through the particle? The gravity wave is like an energy ditch that travels through the universe. And that pulls objects into them. 

The gravitation model goes like this. The fast-spinning particle binds energy. From around it. And transforms that energy into kinetic energy. If that energy field is lost, that forms a situation. Where the particle or object starts to send energy. Out of it. If we think that there are hypothetical tachyons, faster-than-light particles, those particles will be invisible until they slow their speed. At a speed. That is slower than the speed of light. So are photons the codensation fields? But there is another gravitational model. That could support the existence of tachyons. The tachyon would be a particle. 

That can tunnel through other particles. This phenomenon behaves as a thermal pump. That takes energy. Out of the particle. When energy travels. From a particle, outside energy tries to fill that space. So, are Hawking radiation and gravity the same thing? And are tachyons and gravitons the same thing? The fact is that. The evaporation of particles. It can also occur. Energy fields into it. 

So we have four forms of gravitation. 

1) Quantum evaporation makes that bind energy. That means when the universe expands. Quantum fields in the universe. Turn weaker. That causes an effect. The particle acts like an ice bite that melts in the room. Same way. As ice. A particle that turns into a wave movement. Requires energy for that process. That binds energy from the room. 

2) When the particle spins very fast, it binds energy from its environment. That makes energy fields travel to the particle. That binds energy from its environment. And when the energy field travels to a particle, or gravitational center. That traveling field transports particles with it. 

3) Fast-moving particles like hypothetical tachyons travel through a particle. That makes those particles act like a thermal pump. When those particles. That tunnel itself goes through another particle. They transport energy out of it. The particle acts like a thermal pump. 

That causes an induction thought. 

4) Can dark matter form when dark energy, or an extremely short-wave energy string, travels through a particle? In that model, dark energy is a wave movement that acts like a thermal pump. It takes energy with it. And if it can bind enough energy, it denies the reflection. 

5) The string model. So, can there be a string model of gravity? There is also a possibility. That gravitational effect forms in quantum entanglement. Between two quarks or some other particles, or even between entire atoms, which makes quantum entanglement between them. If that kind of quantum channel forms between two atoms. That effect forms the quantum tornado, or quantum channel, between those atoms. And then outside energy fields push those particles or structures toward each other. 

Cherenkov radiation glowing in the core of the Advanced Test Reactor at Idaho National Laboratory.

"Cherenkov radiation is an electromagnetic radiation emitted when a charged particle (such as an electron) passes through a dielectric medium (such as distilled water) at a speed greater than the phase velocity (speed of propagation of a wavefront in a medium) of light in that medium.[2] A classic example of Cherenkov radiation is the characteristic blue glow of an underwater nuclear reactor. Its cause is similar to the cause of a sonic boom, the sharp sound heard when faster-than-sound movement occurs. The phenomenon is named after Soviet physicist Pavel Cherenkov."(Wikipedia, Cherenkov radiation)

If somewhere is a sound barrier, could there be a light barrier? The blue-light shockwave or Cherenkov radiation supports that model. Cherenkov radiation forms when a particle travels faster than light travels in water. The particle cannot travel faster than the speed of light. So it must release its energy. So that its speed can decrease. And we see that thing as the blue light shockwave around nuclear reactors. 

"A new theory, that explains how light and matter interact at the quantum level has enabled researchers to define for the first time the precise shape of a single photon. Credit: Dr. Benjamin Yuen. Researchers have developed a new quantum theory that for the first time defines the precise shape of a photon, showing its interaction with atoms and its environment."

Photon. The photon is like a wheel. And that can explain why it has energy stability. There it gets as much energy. As it releases. Energy transfers into a photon from inside and outside. Or, the photon has. A little bit higher energy level. Than the environment.  This can explain why a photon has no mass either. Because a photon cannot release or bind energy. Or the photon has a slightly higher energy level than its environment. Which means energy cannot travel to the photon. Because a photon transmits energy to its environment. That means the photon pushes other particles away. Because a photon conducts energy from its environment. It makes the photon hover above the environment. We can think. If there could be some kind of string. That transmits energy to a photon. That energy pushes fields and particles out from the photon. That explains why a photon has no mass, and that model also works if the photon is stopped. 

Sonic boom. 

Subsonic Mach 1 Supersonic Shock wave. If tachyon exists. It should behave like this. 

Wave movement or an extremely fast particle that tunnels through other particles and systems can take energy with it. That acts like a thermal pump, which can take so much energy with it, that there is no other reflection from the particle. 

The wave movement that tunnels through the particle also acts like a thermal pump. If wave movement travels through a particle, it can make that particle invisible. In that case, the wave, or energy string, can pull energy through the particle so fast that it cannot send a reflection. The thing that makes a particle invisible is the reflection. If there is some kind of quantum flow through the particle. That takes enough energy with it, that denies the reflection. 

In models. A particle is like a whisk. The superstring forms a structure. There is a model. There can be a quantum-sized black hole in every particle. The relativistic jet can transport energy in two directions. And that is one thing that could keep particles in their form. 

There is a small. Quantum low-pressure inside it. Superstrings are extremely thin waves. The spin of a particle forms a small quantum whirl around it. And we see that thing as a particle. When one extremely thin superstring travels through the particle. That thing can transport all the energy. Out of the particle. With it. And that thing makes the particle invisible. Or, the particle is invisible to an observer who doesn’t stand in the line of the superstring that carries energy out from the particle. This makes energy fall. To the particle. And the speed of the energy flow determines. How strongly quantum fields travel to the particle.

There is another thing that can make material invisible. That is the quantum entanglement between two photons. If two photons make some kind of electromagnetic tornado, or channel between them. That thing makes the quantum tube, and if that tube goes through the quantum fields. Energy that travels through that channel can make particles around it invisible. And this can make the ultimate stealth system possible. 

So if we someday could make a tachyon engine. That engine should be the system that sends tachyons forward rather than backward. Those tachyons can make a channel through the space, and that channel pulls craft into it. The confirmation of tachyons is not. A very easy thing. Tachyons are tachyons only if they travel faster than the speed of light. And that means tachyon remains for a very short time. When a tachyon escapes from a black hole. That particle releases its extra energy. 

The gravitational model is hard to make. Gravitation makes particles and fields behave like low-energy particles. Gravitation puts energy. To travel to the gravitational center. And that forms the “shadow” to the side of gravitational centers. That energy shadow causes a situation. Where the field. At the opposite side of the particle that travels to the gravitational center. Pushes the particle into it. The season for why nothing can escape from inside the black hole’s event horizon is this. There is no field or particle that can travel faster than the speed of light. Because particles ride on the field, the effect is similar. As we try to make a boat to travel against the river flow. We must put the propeller spin so fast. It can push water flow backward faster than the river flows. 

The engine should make the electromagnetic wave. Into the energy, or quantum field flow, that it can push against it. If the flow takes that wave away, the object cannot move forward. The problem is: how to make a quantum shadow. To the front of the object. The system should fire particles against the flowing field. That it can turn the field to move past it. The idea of the tachyon engine is that there can be a particle that travels faster than light. 

In modern models.

A hypothetical tachyon. It can be the carrier particle. That carries the Hawking radiation. The thing that supports this model is that. When a tachyon travels through space. It leaves a quantum boom.  That is similar to a sonic boom. Behind it. That quantum sonic boom, or “crossing the light wall,”. Causes a situation.  Where there is a higher-energy wave behind  the hypothetical tachyon that denies other energy, and quantum fields travel to that cone. The photon. It would form when a tachyon slows its speed below the speed of light. So in this model. The photon is the condensation ring of the quantum field. That forms when a hypothetical tachyon releases its kinetic energy to the quantum field around it. 

https://www.quantamagazine.org/old-ghost-theory-of-quantum-gravity-makes-a-comeback-20251117/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherenkov_radiation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_energy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_matter

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawking_radiation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_barrier

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyon

The existence of tachyons explains the nature of gravity.

Can tachyon be the same as graviton? Tachyon is a hypothetical faster-than-light particle.  That particle cannot exist in the 3rd dimension because nothing can travel faster than light. The graviton is a hypothetical. Transporter boson of gravity. If we think of a possibility. That we could find tachyon in our universe. That point is near black holes. There are models that we cannot observe tachyons. Because. When they interact with 3D particles or space and time. Tachyons release their energy immediately. That means a photon can form when a tachyon releases its kinetic energy. And the ring shape of the photon supports that model. 

The idea is this. When a black hole binds energy, or quantum fields from around it. And turns those fields into kinetic energy. That energy turns some particles into tachyons. If tachyon exists. It can escape from a black hole. So, that means tachyons can be a source of so-called Hawking radiation. If a tachyon travels in the universe, it can leave a similar energy cone behind it. 

As an aircraft leaves. When it travels faster than sound. If a tachyon can form a quantum version of a sonic boom, that means the quantum low pressure follows that hypothetical particle. That thing makes. Quantum fields fall into those cones. And that explains why gravity can only pull things. The tachyon can also make the Hawking radiation possible. 

"A tachyon or tachyonic particle is a hypothetical particle that always travels faster than light. Physicists posit that faster-than-light particles cannot exist because they are inconsistent with the known laws of physics. If such particles did exist they perhaps could be used to send signals faster than light and into the past. "(Wikipedia, Tachyon)

"According to the theory of relativity this would violate causality, leading to logical paradoxes such as the grandfather paradox. Tachyons would exhibit the unusual property of increasing in speed as their energy decreases, and would require infinite energy to slow to the speed of light. No verifiable experimental evidence for the existence of such particles has been found." (Wikipedia, Tachyon)

"The term "tachyon" derives from a 1967 paper by Gerald Feinberg about excitations of a quantum field with imaginary mass. Subsequent work has shown the excitations are not faster than light particles but particle physicists still discuss "tachyons", e.g. in tachyon condensation, when they are referring to tachyonic fields." (Wikipedia, Tachyon)

"A new theory, that explains how light and matter interact at the quantum level has enabled researchers to define for the first time the precise shape of a single photon. Credit: Dr. Benjamin Yuen" (ScitechDaily, Quantum Leap: Scientists Reveal the Shape of a Single Photon for the First Time)

When tachyon arrives. Into the 3rd dimension, it would release its extra energy as a ring-shaped energy wave. So the photon, or at least some of the photons, are the remnants of the tachyons that slow their speed immediately when they arrive in the 3rd dimension. Here, they slow their speed and leave the sockwave behind them. That means a photon could be a similar shockwave to what an aircraft causes. When it crosses the speed of sound. And maybe those shockwaves are photons. 

But near black holes, the massive gravity pulls quantum fields into the black hole. There, the hypothetical tachyon can travel against the quantum fields. That travels into the black hole, the tachyon that can escape from the black hole can exist because the quantum field that travels against the tachyon allows it to cross the speed of light virtually. When a quantum field travels to a particle. And impacts it, the impact speed can be faster than the speed of light. If a particle travels 60% of the speed of light, and a quantum field travels against it with 70 % of the speed of light. 

The impact speed is 130% of the speed of light. That thing is called border crossing. The neutrino telescope benefits from a similar effect. When a neutrino travels into Earth's atmosphere and water, it travels faster than the speed of light in a medium. The neutrino must slow its speed, and during that process, it sends a blue light shockwave. That shockwave is like a quantum version of a sonic boom. 

When we think of a possibility. That a hypothetical graviton is the same thing as a tachyon. When a hypothetical tachyon travels out from the black hole. It can leave a similar cone behind it. As an aircraft leaves. When it travels faster than sound. That cone is called a sonic boom. If a tachyon leaves that kind of cone after it. If there is. Some kind of lower energy area. Energy around it starts to fill that area immediately. If a black hole sends those hypothetical tachyons, they could form the lower-energy area around it. If those hypothetical tachyons. Come out of a black hole. As pulses. That explains black hole quakes. And that explains why gravity has only one way effect. The cone that tachyon forms after it pulls particles into it. 

https://scitechdaily.com/quantum-leap-scientists-reveal-the-shape-of-a-single-photon-for-the-first-time/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graviton

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawking_radiation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachyon

The universe will end its existence in the Big Crunch.

"A Cornell physicist proposes that the universe is only halfway through its 33-billion-year lifespan, and will one day reverse course. Based on new dark-energy data, Henry Tye’s model suggests the cosmos will stop expanding in about 11 billion years and ultimately collapse into a “big crunch,” ending in a single point. Credit: Shutterstock" (ScitechDaily, 

The new model suggests that the universe. Ends its existence. In the Big Crunch. The Big Crunch means that gravitation wins and all particles fall into the center of the universe. Then that ultimate black hole detonates and forms a new universe. The reason for that is. The distances between particles and other objects will increase. That makes gravitational interactions weaker. In the same way. The other three fundamental interactions turn weaker. 

And another thing is that. The universe leaks. The wave movement or energy travels faster than most particles. And that means wave movement travels before particles. That means the universe loses its energy all the time. Dark energy that rips the universe into pieces will turn weaker because the normal scattering effect doesn’t disturb that wave movement in the same way as other types of wave movement. 

“The local geometry of the universe is determined by whether the density parameter Ω is greater than, less than, or equal to 1. From top to bottom: a spherical universe with Ω > 1, a hyperbolic universe with Ω < 1, and a flat universe with Ω = 1. These depictions of two-dimensional surfaces are merely easily visualizable analogs to the 3-dimensional structure of (local) space.” 

If Ω = 1, the universe is flat.

If Ω > 1, there is positive curvature.

If Ω < 1, there is negative curvature.

If the density parameter is higher than one, Ω > 1, the universe will collapse. The problem is that the universe should be round anyway. Without depending on the main  shape. So the universe is not square. It's like some CD or round disk.

This means dark energy travels out from the universe. The third interesting thing is that the geometrical shape of the universe could be anything, but its farthest edge is a round or parabolic shape. The geometrical shape of the universe can be any one of those three possible forms, but those forms should be made of a round shape. So if the universe is flat, the shape of the universe is like a CD rather than a square. 

This means gravitation should win, and the universe will fall. Into one point. This means that things like a phoenix-universe could be possible. There is evidence in the Black Hole radiation. could involve information about the past universes that existed before our universe. So if the model. The spherical universe forms and falls again. And again turns real. The universe before the last is larger than the next universe. The reason for that is that not all energy will return to the point where the universe formed. This is one version of the cosmological mystery. And the thing that we should know is this. 

The universe has a beginning and an end. The end is the mystery. But if the end of the universe is the Big Crunch, that means matter forms a giant black hole, which will vaporize or detonate. Because matter cannot just vanish, that means the phoenix universe model is possible. 

https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2025/10/physicist-after-33-billon-years-universe-will-end-big-crunch

https://scitechdaily.com/the-universe-will-end-in-a-big-crunch-physicists-warns/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Crunch

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape_of_the_universe

Reductionism can restore information.

Reductionism is seen in cases like puzzles. We can break puzzles into pieces and then remake the entirety. So if we have all the pieces of the puzzle, we can remake the puzzle even if we take some of those pieces to another side of the Earth. If we can transport those pieces back, that allows us to remake the puzzle. But that is possible only if those pieces are not destroyed. 

Reductionism can explain the whole universe. The idea in this thing is this: all systems have a limited number of particles, or some other actors. That means if we turn the system into turbulence or entropy, we might not recognize the system the same as it was before the process started. But the particles that create the system are the same. So theoretically, we can remake and reorder those particles into the same form and order that they were before the process started, without depending on the size of the system.

The requirement is that the system is stable. If we think of a situation, a tornado takes our puzzle with it, and we cannot remake it when it moves. We cannot remake or restore a system that we cannot touch. It’s impossible to restore the image or system. Even if it's small, if the system is full of turbulence and dirt. Also, we must know what the original image, or the system, looked like. And we must know what the pieces of the system look like. 

That means we can return the universe to the form that it was just after the Big Bang. Or maybe, if the universe is formed of the black hole that formed from the past universe’s remnants, if that universe that existed before our universe faced the Big Crunch. Theoretically. It is possible. To calculate information that remains in the superstrings that form all particles. The key element in the quantum theories, and especially quantum information theory, is that information cannot vanish. It can change its form. But it's possible to restore that information into its form. 

Above the light cone. 

In the light cone model, the giant black hole pressed and teleported information from another universe. The black hole focused information. And then acted like a camera obscura, the pinhole camera. This means if that model is true, the theoretical universe that existed before our universe was opposite to our universe. In the case that this hypothetical universe could transport information through the black hole. Acted as a pinhole camera. That information is stored in the superstrings. The information is in the wave form, but restoring it requires complete knowledge of the universe. And that thing can be the most fascinating thing in science. 

Reductionism makes it possible to transport at least data through the quantum wormholes. The data can be sent to the receiver through the quantum wormhole. And then the receiver will reorder those data bits into the original form. That allows the system to transport even humans. through the teleport, that is one name for the wormhole that tunnels data through it. The teleportation can happen without the need to transport the body physically. The system can send genetic information. And the human brain waves through the quantum channels. The receiver can create artificial DNA by using that data. And then create cell groups that the bioprinter uses to create a copy of the person. Or the system can transport a human atom by atom, and then reorder those atoms into the original form. That requires a very advanced technology. But maybe that thing is possible someday. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/universe-reductionist/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reductionism

How to simulate the entire universe using a laptop?

“A new tool, Effort.jl, is revolutionizing cosmology by letting scientists analyze enormous datasets quickly and accurately on a simple laptop. (Artist’s concept). Credit: SciTechDaily.com” (ScitechDaily, Researchers Have Discovered a Way To Simulate the Universe – on a Laptop)

How to simulate the entire universe using a laptop? The answer lies in the accuracy the system employs. When we want to conduct. In a comprehensive analysis or simulation of the entire system, we must first select the scale at which we want to simulate it. If we want to make a simulation of the entire universe, we must begin with its smallest parts. In this case, we must only remember that the system's entirety is the sum of multiple subsystems. An atom, as an example, is the sum of electron shells and the nucleus. 

The nucleus of an atom is the sum of the protons and neutrons. And protons and neutrons are sums of quarks and gluons. We can make the simulation step by step. First, we can make a simulation of interactions. Between quarks and gluons. Then we can connect these simulations. Together with the proton and neutron interaction. 

And then we can make simulations. Of how electrons behave with each other and then how electron orbits interact with the atomic core. In this case, the system handles the entirety as modules. Each module handles each participant. The proton module involves the up and down quarks. Interaction with each other. This means that the system creates a mosaic where each participant of the structure is handled. Like an element. The system forms a bigger structure by connecting the smaller mosaic plates. The system makes a puzzle. Where each piece is a smaller-sized system. And together. Those smaller systems form a bigger entirety. 

If we want to calculate chemistry calculations. And to make simulations. Between molecules, we must not know quark interactions. We can choose the scale as atoms or atomic groups. To make simulations of their behaviors. In molecular-scale interactions. Those interactions happen in the farthest electron orbital. So we must not care. About the internal interactions of atoms. Removing. Unnecessary parts from the simulations. We can remove too high accuracy. 

That means we remove unnecessary parts of the system. If we want to drive from point A to point B. We want to know what route we choose. We don’t want to know what kind of houses or what kind of trees. Are in certain areas. We don’t need to know when every single person comes home. We must not know there is a free parking lot if we are on a transit journey. We need to know only which streets we select. This means the system must remove unnecessary information to make our work easier. So, the system gives only information. That we need. 

When we talk about accuracy. We can think that the system must control small points in the simulations. If we want to make a complete simulation of the universe and start from the quark-gluon levels, there are too many points that the system must handle.  We should begin those simulations from a much higher level. Like in the level of local galactic clusters. That means . We must make a model. Where the details in the entirety are lost. That allows us to handle things like galaxies as one point or entirety. 

If we want to simulate the interactions between galaxies. We must realize that there are billions of galaxies in the universe. That makes this type of simulation hard to make. There are billions of stars in each galaxy. And all giant spiral galaxies are following large groups of star clusters and dwarf galaxies. 

But it's possible to handle those systems as a whole. In that model. The system makes ball-shaped structures. There, it removes details. So the galaxies are like balls that interact with each other. But then there are still too many objects. That means we can make another crop. We can select certain galaxies whose interactions we can analyze. If we want to make a simulation. 

To determine how the Andromeda galaxy and the Milky Way will collide, we must calculate the route that those galaxies follow. There, we need to see the effect. The Magellanic Clouds affect that route. Calculating that three-body problem is possible, if we do not follow the highest accuracy. There is a possibility that Andromeda travels past the Milky Way. And then those galaxies start to orbit each other. Closing together. Then in the last stage, the supermassive black holes collide in the middle of the new galaxy. 

But if we want to make universe-scale simulations. We must use a different scale of accuracy. We must not calculate all electrons and each electron's trajectories. If we want to calculate things like how stars or interstellar nebulae behave. We must change the scale of accuracy. To make a large-scale simulation. We must understand that we can cut off atomic-scale objects. If we simulate large entireties. 

In universe-scale simulations, it's important. To determine the thing. What we want to simulate. If we want to simulate interactions between two galactic superclusters, we must not calculate the interactions of each single galaxy. We can think. That those galaxies and even local clusters are the entirety at the level of cosmic superclusters. We can think that. The superclusters are like balls. The giant entities where the local clusters form the mass centers. Or we can simply think. That they are like giant balls. That makes the simulation of the galactic superclusters' interactions easy. 

https://scitechdaily.com/researchers-have-discovered-a-way-to-simulate-the-universe-on-a-laptop/

Does the AI turn us passive?

The answer to that question is simple. The way we use AI determines whether it will make us more effective, smarter, or dumber. The thing that can turn an AI into a tool that destroys our ability to search for information. Write our essays, and make things. Is the way. To use AI. The AI can be like a mother, who always gives answers when the kid asks something. That thing can be effective. The problem is that the mother will not always stand next to the kids. And give answers to their questions. 

But the thing. That teaches a critical way to think and search for information is to give the encyclopedia to the kid, and then order them to search for the answer by themselves. 

The best way to destroy our productivity, thinking, and other things. It is to use the AI as a mother. In that case, we use AI like a child uses their parents. We can ask everything from the AI, and that makes us lazy. If we just ask things. From the AI. like “Write an essay for me, and mention things X,Y,and Z.” 

That thing can make this way of working effective. But it doesn’t make the essay-writing thing. That advances our way of thinking. In this case, we can compile the AI into a mother who writes essays to their kids. Those things might be impressive. If a 40-year-old person writes an essay. That a 10-year-old kid introduces as their own product. That essay can collect many prizes in a 10-year series, but that doesn’t advance the 10-year-old kid’s thinking. 

The thing that can destroy our ability to search for information is the need for effectiveness. When we write our essays, like this kind of text, we make them for ourselves. And of course, they are made for the audience. But those things require time. Time is money. And of course, we must write our essays in our free time. Companies pay for work. They pay for effectiveness. And that means we can turn the AI into a mother, who we can ask to make things like write essays and reports for our boss. 

We can use the AI as a mother who always gives answers to us. If we ask something. Or we can turn that tool into the melody mother, who always pleases the user, and tells things that the user wants to hear. We can give the AI the ability to think. But should we follow the instructions that the AI gives? Or should we just push the red button when the AI says that: “Press the red button”?

We say that we can use the AI as a mother. We can ask everything. From the AI. And that makes us effective. But that kind of mother. Kills our ability to search for information. Or, is it the AI’s fault if our boss gives an order to use the AI assistant in every situation? When we use the AI as some kind of mother. Who always gives answers all the time. When we ask something, we make a decision. We are people who use AI. We give orders to the algorithm. 

The algorithm is the system that searches, sorts, and outputs information. The decision on how to use AI is made by humans. If we give AI the authority to give orders to us, and we follow those orders, that decision is made by a human. We decide if we want to take orders from the AI. And if we don’t even check who owns some newspapers or TV channels, the decision is ours. 

But same way. Humans own the AI companies. They also make decisions about what the AI should tell and what it should not tell. Those people decide what they allow people to get, and what they are not allowed to get. 

The biggest failure that the user can make with the AI is not to use AI as some kind of mother, who tells everything that we want. We can turn the AI into a melody mother, who tells us what we want to hear. The problem with commercial AI is that it must be user-friendly. In some cases, the user-friendly can mean that the AI’s purpose is to please the user. That thing can tell. What the user wants to hear.  But, in this case. The people who make products. Have responsibility for their product. The AI tells only things. That it’s allowed to tell. The person who makes the algorithms determines those rules. 

About the segregation law of integers.

About the segregation law of integers. 

Can there be prime numbers in the group of integers? 

The segregation law means that all numbers can be divided into subsets. And this means that there cannot be a so-called prime number in the group of integers. The prime number is divisible only by one and itself. And that means an integer can be a prime number only if its divider is another integer. This means that, for example, 1, 2, and 3 are so-called virtual prime numbers. The reason for that is that we can divide those numbers into parts using decimal numbers. 

This means

1=0,5*2

1=0,25*4

1=0,05*20

but

1=0,0625*16 (0,25/4=0,0625) and (0,0625*16)

Let’s play with number 2

2=0,5*4

2=0,25*8

2=0,05*40

and

2=0,0625*32

And with 3

3=0,5*6

3=0,25*12

and

3=0,0625*48

So are 1,2, and 3 integers? The fact is that all numbers include one. And that means there are no real prime numbers in the group of integers. So, if we think like that, prime numbers are hiding on in the groups of decimal numbers. 

How to simulate the entire universe using a laptop?

 How to simulate the entire universe using a laptop? 

How to simulate the entire universe using a laptop? And can psychohistory be possible? 

The idea is this. If we want to simulate a large entirety, we must not have high accuracy. If we want to make a simulation about. How a river flows, we can use the entire river as a model. We must not care. About how a single water molecule or subatomic particle behaves. We must only know where the river flows. To make a prediction about how the river will flow, we must only know where the softest rock is to predict the channel that the river will choose. In meteorology, supercomputers can make very good predictions. If they know the forces that affect the air. In those cases, the system. Look at the entirety. It doesn’t try to make a precise and highly accurate model of how a single water droplet interacts. The system observes the large entireties. Like cloud groups to make a model, how the air mass will behave. 

Weather satellites and computers are good tools. To predict how large hurricanes behave. But those systems are helpless. When they must try to predict how tornadoes will form. Tornadoes are smaller but more destructive than large tropical storms. Tornadoes are too small for weather satellites.

Maybe. The same programs can make predictions of tornadoes. If the system uses so-called atmospheric satellites that observe smaller areas but with higher accuracy. Those systems will get information from smaller areas. But they can use similar computer systems. Researchers used to make a large-scale weather forecast. In this case, it's easy to make a planet-scale weather forecast. But those forecasts are inaccurate. 

In the same way, it's easy to make predictions about how large gas mass behaves. The system removes unnecessary accuracy and handles things like galaxies as solid forms. Those are like pins in the large system. Or maybe we should say that galaxies are like wheels. Those wheels move wave movement, fields, and large material masses over the universe. 

That means if we make inaccurate, “about” predictions. About how large gas masses are. Like galactic superclusters behave, we can make that prediction using laptop computers. In an inaccurate model, we can think that galactic superclusters are the wheels, and the universe is like a ball around those wheels. When the system starts to simulate how the galaxies behave in a local cluster. The system uses the local cluster as a scale, and galaxies are wheels. When the system makes a model of how a galactic supercluster behaves, the local clusters are the wheels. And the last version is the universal scale. The galactic superclusters are the wheels. In the large-scale simulations. The system doesn’t notice or filter out too small actors that have no visible effect on the system. 

This system is called. A variable scale model. The idea is similar to the U.S map. If we want to look at the overview of the weather over the USA. We can use the USA as a whole. But if we want to see what the weather is over in Montana. We can take a Zoom image of the state of Montana. We can use the same computer algorithms in that area. As in larger-scale images. But the higher accuracy means that we lose the entirety. 

Ludwig Boltzmann (1844-1906), Austrian physicist

Can the psychohistory turn true? 

There is a possibility that the same models. Those used for simulating the universe can be used to predict how humans behave. That is called psychohistory. In the SciFi series: “The Foundation”. The idea is that the system predicts the behavior of large human groups. The system uses large human groups. And things like their states’ influence as variables that can predict how people behave. The system makes models. Using billions of people. But if that thing is possible. The system can use the same algorithms for smaller groups. 

In psychohistory, the system looks at things. That happened in the past. Then the system searches for what those things caused. And then. The system searches for details of similar events from its environment. Because people with similar personalities should behave in similar ways in similar situations. So, the system must know. How many certain types of personalities live in an area that faces certain changes? We can think. Human groups have a certain social or psychological mass, and if a certain number of people start behaving in certain ways. That psychological mass can start to pull other people with it, only if it's large enough.

The thing that causes panic is that a certain number of people in a group start to panic. When we think that four people start to panic, that might not seem like a very big thing. But if there are 10 people in one room. And there is one square meter of space. For each person. Then four people will get the larger effect. And one of those reasons is that. There is no outside effect that can suppress the panic effect. And that makes it stronger. If the head of state goes into panic, that can escalate into a very large group. If one single person goes into panic, that has no such effect. 

And then to psychohistory: can we predict how people or nations behave? Every person. With a certain personality. Behaves in certain ways. The thing that makes predictions hard. Is that. We should know. What a person’s personality is. And that’s impossible if the researchers don’t know the entire personal history of the person. 

We can take the scale of millions or billions of people. When we think about psychology and economics. There are inaccuracies. The reason for those inaccuracies is that we don’t know every person’s background. People’s experiences model our behavior. Psychological models are almost right. And they work with most people. But those models are not working with people. Whose nature is not known. We don’t know what type of humans they are if we don’t know that person’s complete history. The personality is unknown, if there is something hidden in history. 

But there should be a certain number of  non-predicted cases. Or a certain type of standard deviation  of cases that behave in a non-predictable way. This means that large, scalable surprises are not very common cases. in large-scale models. Cases like the Kennedy assassination are very rare. They are like black swans, possible but extremely rare things. There must be an acceptable  error level in all models. Some of those black swans can be predicted. We can calculate the possibilities of asteroid hits, but there is a possibility. That some asteroids can come through the defense. Sometimes asteroids are seen. Only when they pass Earth and those things cause problems. 

https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-just-found-a-way-to-simulate-the-universe-on-a-laptop/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boltzmann_constant

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Boltzmann

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychohistory

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_temperature_and_pressure

Does spacetime (or, space-time) exist?

 Does spacetime (or, space-time) exist? 

"Exploring different approaches to understanding space-time deepens our understanding of reality. Credit: Shutterstock" (ScitechDaily, Does Space-Time Really Exist?)

"Is time something that flows — or just an illusion? Exploring space-time as either a fixed “block universe” or a dynamic fabric reveals deeper mysteries about existence, change, and the very nature of reality."(ScitechDaily, Does Space-Time Really Exist?)

Does spacetime exist? Does the space have time? We know the thing. Called material time. That time is seen in material evaporation. Because of the expansion of the universe. That thing causes an effect that all material turns into a wave movement. 

In the five-dimensional cosmological model, there are three spatial dimensions. And two dimensions in time.  Those two dimensions are time that goes forward and time that travels backward. In that model, time is one of the fundamental interactions. The idea in the spacetime model is that the Big Bang released material in time. Or it separated time and material. In this case. We talk about material evaporation. The model goes like this. The universe formed from a so-called Kugelblitz black hole. When the whirl started to collect energy in the proto-universe, it formed the black hole. Straight from that energy field that condensed into the black hole. When that black hole evaporated or detonated. That formed an event called the Big Bang. 

That means there is space formed between superstrings that will form the first particles. In that model, the superstring is an extremely thin energy field that turns into fermions and bosons. Superstrings are not single things. They are complicated internal structures. And in black holes, those superstrings are in such a tight form that they have no space to oscillate. That space caused an effect that those superstrings started to send sub-waves. When a superstring oscillates, it sends part of itself into its environment. This event would be similar to the material evaporation. 

When there is no energy that can resist the superstring, it sends the sub-string. In the same way as material, the existence, thickness, or number of structures in a superstring depends on the field that resists the superstring. The ten-dimensional superstring model explains the universe and space as an endless number of superstrings. The density or number of those superstrings in the space determines the strength of the field. When there are lots of strings in a small area, that means the field is strong. 

The main question in time dilation is this: Does that effect only push energy into particles? Or, does that affect cause a situation where the particle travels in time? 

Above: The 2D model of the gravity center. The gravity center packs energy fields around it. That forms a denser energy area. The gravity makes a pothole, but it also packs energy fields around the gravitational center. 

This denser, or higher energy area causes the effect that energy transfer to the environment slows down. And that slows material evaporation. If the difference between energy levels in the material and the environment is high. The energy level around the particle is very low. That raises the speed of energy flow out from the particle. The same effect can cause superstrings to decay just as matter. 

And that means the superstring model tells us that the spacetime should exist. When a gravity field forms, the gravity center rolls the field of those superstrings to the gravitational center. That effect is seen as a whirl in the universe. Those whirls can be extremely large. And all spiral galaxies are whirls that form around the supermassive black holes. Those whirls pull back, and without them, the black hole in the center of the galaxy will be detonated. 

And then we go to the spacetime. The idea in spacetime is this: energy fields or wave movement are everywhere. Those energy fields can condense into material. Because of the Schwinger effect. The Schwinger effect forms elementary particles, fermions. And bosons. In a similar way. The Schwinger effect explains the Kugelblitz black hole as a structure. Where the whirl will collect the energy fields or strings into one point. When there is enough field. Packed into one point. It creates a strong gravity effect that pulls everything into it. Without that whirl, the energy that is stored in a black hole is released. The whirl is the thing. That keeps the black hole in its form. 

We can think that when time moves from the past to the future, that thing looks a little bit like a superstring. When those time strings or “arrows of time”, or “time arrows” (Time’s arrow)move, they push time back around them. So when the arrow of time moves forward, that moves other arrows backward. If one of the arrows of time moves faster than the other arrow of time. That faster time arrow slows the slower arrows of time. The reason for that is that the time arrow moves energy into those other arrows of time. 

The arrow of time, along with Einstein’s Theory of Relativity, explains that when gravity turns so strong that the escape velocity turns higher than the speed of light. That means time starts to travel backward. The black holes will pump energy into the past if that model is right. And that energy is released at the point where a black hole forms. But the question is, does that thing really happen? Or does the black hole only store information and release it when it evaporates? This is the thing. That makes supernovae interesting. 

Theoretically, it is possible to decode the information that the black hole released. And there is a possibility. A black hole drives information straight into the point where. The black hole formed, and that point is the supernova explosion. Where the black hole got its beginning. 

https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/argument-against-theory-of-everything/

https://scitechdaily.com/does-space-time-really-exist/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow_of_time

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kugelblitz_(astrophysics)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_relativity

Alien civilizations again and again.

 Alien civilizations again and again. 

“New simulations suggest the Galactic Habitable Zone isn’t fixed: when stars migrate across the Milky Way, the odds of rocky, potentially temperate worlds, especially in the outer disk, can rise markedly. Credit: SciTechDaily.com” (ScitechDaily, Our Galaxy’s Sweet Spot for Life Is Bigger Than We Thought)

There is a possibility that NASA’s Perseverance rover found some kind of bacterial remnants on Mars. There was an ocean in the northern hemisphere. Then the planet froze, lost its atmosphere. And then the UV radiation destroyed the water. The reason for that can be the lack of a magnetic field. It’s possible that the chaotic magma structure explains that thing. When Mars faced its last catastrophe, the impact could break its core. And that caused the loss of the magnetic field. 

And then to aliens. 

This discussion begins every autumn. Are we alone in the Universe? The answer is this: until aliens call, we are alone. The only fact that we have is that nobody answered. Or nobody made contact outside Earth. Or there are no confirmed alien technosignals. This means that we might be alone in our galaxy, or there can be one or more other civilizations. And maybe some civilizations are already destroyed, because they failed the ultimate test. That failure can be the civil war. 

Or it can be an overestimation of one's own technical skills. In some models. Pre-Kadashev-scale civilization can test things like an antimatter rocket. And then there will be some leak in the capsule. That causes annihilation that can destroy the entire planet, in this case. The civilization that reaches the Kardashev-scale 1 starts to build an antimatter rocket that can give them access to the entire solar system. Then there is a leak in the antimatter capsule. But then. We must realize a couple of things. 

“Longstanding model of the Galactic habitable Zone, which is estimated to exist between 7-9 kiloparsecs from the center of the galaxy. However, recent research calls this into question.” Credit: NASA/Caltech. (ScitechDaily, Our Galaxy’s Sweet Spot for Life Is Bigger Than We Thought)

When we talk about aliens. First, intelligent aliens are different from techno-aliens and primitive life forms. A water planet can host lifeforms. Those lifeforms will not be intelligent. Those lifeforms can be something that lives in their seas. Those creatures could be some kind of bacteria. Or algae. Another thing is intelligence. Without a certain type of atmosphere, that alien race cannot make fire, and they require that skill to  melt metals. There is a possibility that the first humans melted metals in volcanoes or lava. But this method uses a natural heat source. It is not as simple a method for melting metals as using fire. 

As the fire that those aliens can make using matches or friction. Intelligence doesn’t mean that a creature turns technical. Or it can form a technical civilization. If the star that they orbit is too heavy and too bright. That makes the star too short-lived for the creature to form anything technical. Also, it's possible that the black holes or some nova or supernova explosion near the civilization’s own star sterilizes their planet, or there is a possibility. that their own planet is metal-poor. That means there are no metals. There are millions or even billions of things that can go wrong before civilization can fly to the stars. 

The planet can travel too close to Sagittarius A, and near the center of galaxies, the radiation can destroy those planets. There is a so-called habitable area in a galaxy. And at that zone, stars are mature enough that planetary systems can form around them. Those planets must be solid, and their trajectories must be stable enough. There must not be a large number of roving pieces. Those pieces can destroy the planet and its lifeforms. 

“Electron microscopy revealed chain structures resembling living organisms in meteorite fragment ALH84001” (Wikipedia, Allan Hills 84001)

And that civilization requires the will to make technical things. Without motivation, those creatures will never fly to space or stars. Or without the need, evolution will not favor things like intelligence. Without catastrophes, the creatures will not rise out of the oceans. They will not require brains or high-level intelligence. 

The locked planets around K-type stars might not be suitable for lifeforms. But those locked planets can offer a place for a technically advanced civilization. To make its stand. That thing means that a locked planet offers unlimited solar power to that civilization or its base. Those creatures can use protective suits and live under domes that help them to protect themselves against those red dwarfs' flares. That kind of case requires. The red dwarf is quite close to the alien solar system, or orbits it. Sometimes we should ask what our technology looks like. If we had a red dwarf at the same distance as Proxima Centauri orbits Alpha Centauri. 

The fact is that Earth is the only planet with confirmed lifeforms. But it’s possible. That there was some kind of microscopic life on Mars. Before that planet froze, lost its atmosphere, and the UV radiation destroyed water molecules. 

There are some stones that support the Martian lifeforms.  Their problem is that they were found on Earth. The Allan Hills 84001 (ALH84001) meteorite from the South Pole involves structures. That could confirm life on Mars. But the problem is that those bacteria-shaped structures can have an origin on Earth. The South Pole is not cold enough. That it could keep that meteorite sterile. There is a possibility that those. Probably lifeforms that left their markings on the shell of Allan Hills 84001. It can come from Earth. Maybe those primitive creatures felt the heat of that meteorite. And traveled to it. Those strange forms look like primitive creatures. Like rod-shaped cyanobacteria or small tubeworms. 

“NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover took this selfie, made up of 62 individual images, on July 23, 2024. A rock nicknamed “Cheyava Falls,” which has features that may bear on the question of whether the Red Planet was long ago home to microscopic life, is to the left of the rover near the center of the image. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS. NASA’s Perseverance rover has identified its most compelling evidence yet for ancient microbial life on Mars.” (ScirchDaily, NASA Perseverance Rover’s Stunning Find May Be Mars’ First Sign of Life)

The question of life in the cosmos is more complicated than we even thought. NASA’s Perseverance Mars vehicle found promising structures on Mars that look like bacteria or their remnants. The thing is that. Those forms in stones look like bacteria, or their remnants. But that doesn’t make them bacteria. But as we know. Perseverance found a sign that could be the first sign. Or strong evidence of life on another planet. 

The Artist’s impression of an alien city. 

So they might not prove anything. In one way or another. The problem is that even those things can be some kind of bacteria. They can arrive from the Earth, with some meteorites or with probes that are not properly disinfected. 

The biggest problem with alien hunting is that nobody has officially seen aliens. There is no confirmed alien DNA. Or confirmed alien cells. This means researchers cannot even know. What they should try to find. Searching for an alien civilization is not searching for a needle in a haystack. It's more difficult. There are as many variables that make models for techno civilizations, or their location is impossible to determine. The techno civilization can be something other than we think it is. Even if those civilizations use microwave ovens, we might not detect those signals. Or maybe we don’t separate those signals from natural microwave signals. We don’t even know if they use radio as data transmission. Or maybe those other civilizations do not exist. 

Existence is a remarkable thing for those civilizations. The civilization that doesn’t answer does not exist. And maybe we don’t want that answer. There is always a possibility that those civilizations are too far away that us cannot hear their radio signals. Another thing is that we are between the Milky Way’s spiral structure. That means we might be a cosmic Eastern island. And maybe we are lucky. 

https://scitechdaily.com/our-galaxys-sweet-spot-for-life-is-bigger-than-we-thought/

https://scitechdaily.com/nasa-perseverance-rovers-stunning-find-may-be-mars-first-sign-of-life/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Hills_84001