Friday, June 28, 2024

The second arrow of time.




We know that time travels in one direction. That direction is forward from the point where time began. We know that time began with the event called The Big Bang. The universe's expansion causes the quantum fields to turn weaker, and the pressure against material decreases. We can compare quantum fields with water or gas and say that the quantum fields are like pressure. 

This is the thing that makes energy move in the universe. We can use the universe's energy level to determine time. The Big Bang released all known energy and material to the spacetime. We don't know when dark energy and material are released. But when the energy in the universe ends. That means time ends. The universe's expansion means that pressure or energy level in the universe decreases. 

That means the distance between particles increases, and that causes situations in interactions between particles to become weaker. The universe is like a balloon in a vacuum. The pressure in that balloon decreases. In a universe, that means the material turns into wave movement faster and that thing causes interaction where the weight of particles turns lighter. When the space expands energy level and gravitational interaction decrease.



The information is like smoke that comes out from a chimney. Entropy is like the wind that destroys the smoke's formation. The smoke seems to vanish, But its particles exist. 

Time ends when the universe reaches the same energy level as its environment. In that case, there is no material left. And only wave movement remains. 

When the universe was born. All wave movement traveled radially out from that point. Extremely high energy levels and one-directional wave movement caused that there was no space for entropy. The universe's expansion causes the material and energy to turn "thinner". That thing denies the possibility that the information can reflect back from the future. 

The thing that denies that information can keep its form is entropy. In the laws of thermodynamics, the entropy grows in the system. In the first moments in the universe, there was no space. And everything was in order. But when the energy level decreases when the universe grows, there forms space between superstrings that traveled away from the point of the Big Bang. 

That caused the situation that the superstrings started to curve which can form the impacts between those superstrings. This formed the Schwinger effect that turned some superstrings into ball-shaped structures called particles. 

Energy always travels from the higher- energy level to the lower energy level. That means if time is energy, it travels out from the Big Bang. We can introduce time as the river that travels to the level where it melts together with wave movement that is outside the material and energy bubble that we call the universe. 

Maybe somewhere is forming a second-time arrow that travels back in time. The requirement is that there is a very high energy point in our spacetime. That point can create a reflection that sends information back to the past. In black holes, gravity affects that escaping velocity is higher than the speed of light. That can turn the time arrow black to the past. 

Can we restore information that comes from the black hole? That depends on one thing. The black hole is an extremely thick structure. In a black hole spacetime. And energy is together, or at least they are close to each other. If the entropy is very low in the black hole. The outcoming energy and the black hole's structure mean that there is very limited space. The high energy level can send information back in time. 

The problem is that the information must keep its energy level high enough when it travels through entropy. We can describe information as smoke, and entropy is like wind. 

When smoke travels out from the chimney, that entropy causes disturbance that destroys the smoke formation. That turbulence is the thing that causes situations where smoke or information can seem to disappear. 

The smoke particles exist after the smoke is gone out of sight. Information is an entirety. And, of course, it is possible. That we can find the information particles. 

Then, we must connect those particles into one entirety that forms the information that we want to restore. In that process, we must find lots of particles and separate them from the other particles that are members of other entireties. So we must keep information in its form if we want to send it back in time. 


https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/two-arrows-of-time-dont-match/


https://scitechdaily.com/physicists-are-unraveling-the-mystery-of-the-arrow-of-time/


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrow_of_time


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy


Tuesday, June 25, 2024

The new and effective AI uses virtual neurons to improve its power.


"A new model developed by Flatiron Institute researchers proposes that biological neurons have more control over their surroundings than previously thought, something that could be replicated in the artificial neural networks used in machine learning." (ScitechDaily, Supercharging AI With New Computational Model of Real Neurons)


The virtual neuron is a group of databases that are linked together. The databases are connected like neurons in human brains. And the routers between those databases make them interact together like neurons.

Those routers and wires that play axons can be real or virtual systems.  The physical system means that databases are in different hard disks, and the routers connect them to the entirety. Virtual routers are computer programs that drive information between databases. 

If the system can morph the routes, that the information uses, that denies the computer stuck. In those intelligent systems, the routers, processors, and gates communicate with each other, forming the virtual neural network. And if there is some kind of problem. The system can choose another route for the information. 

If there is more than only one processor in the system, the system can let the busy processor handle the problem. And route the next problem to other processors. The intelligent operating system can take complex problems to store if there are some busy things to do. And when it is completed the more urgent problem can return to that previous problem.  




Image 2



The ability to remove problems from the memory and store them makes it possible to use the same computer for multiple tasks. The system can operate as human control in the daytime. When people are off the office, the system can handle complex problems. The ability to save data means that the system can stop some process and return to it later, without fear that the data is lost. 

The virtual routers can operated by two or multi-layer AI-based systems. AI-based operating systems can make it possible to control complicated virtual database-based neural networks. AI-driven systems can also drive virtual quantum computers. In those systems, the computer selects multiple (as an example ten) data lines. Each of those data lines is an individual state of the virtual qubit. This kind of virtual system can put data travel in lines. 

The best way to make that system is to use ten microprocessors. Then the system shares the data flow for each processor. That system makes it possible to improve the data handling capacity. Image 2 can portray a model of the virtual quantum computer that bases the neural network. If that system uses binary-sub architecture each ball is the microprocessor. The system sends data to the network, which cuts it into pieces. The system uses TCP/IP protocol and when it puts the serial number to each data segment, it can collect data back together. 

The virtual neurons can make the systems more effective than they have ever been before. The virtual neurons require complicated programming algorithms. Handling those systems requires intelligent operating systems and intelligent complicated operating systems require powerful computers.


https://scitechdaily.com/supercharging-ai-with-new-computational-model-of-real-neurons/

Sunday, June 23, 2024

The string theory offers a new way to calculate Pi.


"Scientists discovered a new series for pi through string theory research, echoing a 15th-century formula by Madhava. By combining Euler-Beta Functions and Feynman Diagrams, they modeled particle interactions efficiently. Credit: SciTechDaily.com" (ScitechDaily, String Theory Unravels New Pi Formula: A Quantum Leap in Mathematics)

People normally think that. The pi is the ratio of the circumference circle's circumference to the circle's diameter. The Pi is a mathematical constant 3.14159..., the endless decimal number. The Pi is interesting because developers can use that decimal number to make the encryption algorithms stronger. 

The idea is that the encryptions program hides the message's original ASCII numbers by multiplicating those numbers with some decimal number. Or the system can add some numbers to those ASCII numbers. 



"Aninda Sinha (left) and Arnab Saha (right). Credit: Manu Y" (ScitechDaily, String Theory Unravels New Pi Formula: A Quantum Leap in Mathematics)



The use of the Pi in cryptology. Is a new tool to make deeper encryption solutions. 


Before it starts the encryption process. And the Pi is suitable for that thing because it's an endless or irrational decimal number. And its mathematical constant. That means the system requires only the knowledge, of how many numbers from Pi the system uses in the precryption process. Then the system starts to use primary numbers. 

But in computers, researchers turned circles into squares. That thing makes it possible to calculate the precise area for circles. That is suitable for computer screens. The problem is that we cannot turn circles into squares. 

The distance from the focus point can be introduced as internal circles. Those internal circles help to introduce a distance between particles. And distance from the middle of the particle. The system can use energy symmetry to model things like a particle's structure. 

When particle physicists make calculations with the particle interactions, they require precise values. They require exact information about the dimensions and circles. The systems calculate the distances from the center of the particles using a model of internal circles. 

The system uses those circles to model the strength and symmetry of the forces. We still cannot calculate precise areas of the circles or sectors. However new tools like AI can give new accuracy to well-known mathematical calculations. 

https://scitechdaily.com/string-theory-unravels-new-pi-formula-a-quantum-leap-in-mathematics/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi


The mathematical work that shakes the world.

"As a graduate student, Maryam Mirzakhani (center) transformed the field of hyperbolic geometry. But she died at age 40 before she coul...